CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15690 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-7V78-H4HM-8G8R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-28 12:30 – Updated: 2026-03-28 12:30HNB Organizer 1.9.18-10 contains a local buffer overflow vulnerability that allows local attackers to execute arbitrary code by supplying an oversized argument to the -rc command-line parameter. Attackers can craft a malicious input string exceeding 108 bytes containing shellcode and a return address to overwrite the stack and achieve code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-20045"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-28T12:16:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "HNB Organizer 1.9.18-10 contains a local buffer overflow vulnerability that allows local attackers to execute arbitrary code by supplying an oversized argument to the -rc command-line parameter. Attackers can craft a malicious input string exceeding 108 bytes containing shellcode and a return address to overwrite the stack and achieve code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-7v78-h4hm-8g8r",
"modified": "2026-03-28T12:30:29Z",
"published": "2026-03-28T12:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-20045"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40025"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/hnb-organizer-10-local-buffer-overflow-via-rc-parameter"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://hnb.sourceforge.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-7V7F-X2F7-MVQQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-16 15:30 – Updated: 2023-11-16 15:30Adobe Media Encoder version 24.0.2 (and earlier) and 23.6 (and earlier) are affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-47042"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-16T15:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Media Encoder version 24.0.2 (and earlier) and 23.6 (and earlier) are affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-7v7f-x2f7-mvqq",
"modified": "2023-11-16T15:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-11-16T15:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47042"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/media-encoder/apsb23-63.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7V7H-RVVW-W7C6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-30 21:30 – Updated: 2023-01-05 06:30Tenda A15 V15.13.07.13 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the wepauth parameter at /goform/WifiBasicSet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-47115"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-30T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda A15 V15.13.07.13 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the wepauth parameter at /goform/WifiBasicSet.",
"id": "GHSA-7v7h-rvvw-w7c6",
"modified": "2023-01-05T06:30:22Z",
"published": "2022-12-30T21:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-47115"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://brief-nymphea-813.notion.site/Vul5-A15-bof-WifiBasicSet-wepauth-e1b6244caaf44f1a940b7aa861859828"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7V7V-P476-C74G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:32 – Updated: 2023-01-09 18:30An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 13.6 and iPadOS 13.6, macOS Catalina 10.15.6, tvOS 13.4.8, watchOS 6.2.8. Processing a maliciously crafted font file may lead to arbitrary code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-9980"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-22T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 13.6 and iPadOS 13.6, macOS Catalina 10.15.6, tvOS 13.4.8, watchOS 6.2.8. Processing a maliciously crafted font file may lead to arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-7v7v-p476-c74g",
"modified": "2023-01-09T18:30:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:32:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-9980"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT211288"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT211289"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT211290"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT211291"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7V86-HV29-PW56
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:44 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:02A buffer overflow in MailCarrier 2.51 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long string, as demonstrated by SMTP RCPT TO, POP3 USER, POP3 LIST, POP3 TOP, or POP3 RETR.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-11395"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-22T11:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A buffer overflow in MailCarrier 2.51 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long string, as demonstrated by SMTP RCPT TO, POP3 USER, POP3 LIST, POP3 TOP, or POP3 RETR.",
"id": "GHSA-7v86-hv29-pw56",
"modified": "2024-04-04T00:02:41Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:44:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-11395"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/152502/MailCarrier-2.51-RCPT-TO-Buffer-Overflow.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/152504/MailCarrier-2.51-USER-Buffer-Overflow.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/152505/MailCarrier-2.51-LIST-Buffer-Overflow.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/152506/MailCarrier-2.51-TOP-Buffer-Overflow.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/152530/MailCarrier-2.51-RETR-Buffer-Overflow.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/152502/MailCarrier-2.51-RCPT-TO-Buffer-Overflow.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/152504/MailCarrier-2.51-USER-Buffer-Overflow.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/152505/MailCarrier-2.51-LIST-Buffer-Overflow.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/152506/MailCarrier-2.51-TOP-Buffer-Overflow.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/152530/MailCarrier-2.51-RETR-Buffer-Overflow.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7V8F-GRJ8-36H8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-16 00:00 – Updated: 2021-12-21 00:01In eicOpsDecryptAes128Gcm of acropora/app/identity/identity_support.c, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android kernelAndroid ID: A-195570681References: N/A
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1044"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-15T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In eicOpsDecryptAes128Gcm of acropora/app/identity/identity_support.c, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android kernelAndroid ID: A-195570681References: N/A",
"id": "GHSA-7v8f-grj8-36h8",
"modified": "2021-12-21T00:01:10Z",
"published": "2021-12-16T00:00:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1044"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2021-11-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-7V8P-3FFX-7RJC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-07 15:30 – Updated: 2025-02-12 18:31H3C Magic R100 R100V100R005.bin was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the EditvsList parameter at /goform/aspForm. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted payload.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-27802"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-07T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "H3C Magic R100 R100V100R005.bin was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the EditvsList parameter at /goform/aspForm. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted payload.",
"id": "GHSA-7v8p-3ffx-7rjc",
"modified": "2025-02-12T18:31:23Z",
"published": "2023-04-07T15:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27802"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/%400dayResearch/EditvsList"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/@0dayResearch/EditvsList"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7V8V-8486-FVC6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-25 12:31 – Updated: 2026-07-27 06:30In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ntfs: avoid calling post_write_mst_fixup() for invalid index_block
ntfs_icx_ib_sync_write() calls post_write_mst_fixup() when ntfs_ib_write() returns an error, intending to restore the buffer after a failed write.
However, ntfs_ib_write() returns an error immediately if pre_write_mst_fixup() validation fails. The caller, ntfs_icx_ib_sync_write(), interprets any error as a write failure requiring rollback. It does not differentiate between I/O errors and validation failures, and calls post_write_mst_fixup() anyway.
Since post_write_mst_fixup() assumes that the index_block contents is correct, it doesn't perform the boundary checks, which results in out-of-bounds memory access.
An attacker can craft a malicious NTFS image with: - large index_block.usa_ofs offset, pointing outside the ntfs_record - index_block.usa_count = 0, causing integer underflow - or index_block.usa_count larger than actual number of sectors in the ntfs_record, causing out-of-bounds access
KASAN reports describing the memory corruption: ================================================================== BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in post_write_mst_fixup+0x19c/0x1d0 Read of size 2 at addr ffff8881586c9018 by task p/9428 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x100/0x190 print_report+0x139/0x4ad ? post_write_mst_fixup+0x19c/0x1d0 ? __virt_addr_valid+0x262/0x500 ? post_write_mst_fixup+0x19c/0x1d0 kasan_report+0xe4/0x1d0 ? post_write_mst_fixup+0x19c/0x1d0 post_write_mst_fixup+0x19c/0x1d0 ntfs_icx_ib_sync_write+0x179/0x220 ntfs_inode_sync_filename+0x83d/0x1080 __ntfs_write_inode+0x1049/0x1480 ntfs_file_fsync+0x131/0x9b0 ================================================================== BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in post_write_mst_fixup+0x1aa/0x1d0 Write of size 2 at addr ffff8881586c91fe by task p/9428 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x100/0x190 print_report+0x139/0x4ad ? post_write_mst_fixup+0x1aa/0x1d0 ? __virt_addr_valid+0x262/0x500 ? post_write_mst_fixup+0x1aa/0x1d0 kasan_report+0xe4/0x1d0 ? post_write_mst_fixup+0x1aa/0x1d0 post_write_mst_fixup+0x1aa/0x1d0 ntfs_icx_ib_sync_write+0x179/0x220 ntfs_inode_sync_filename+0x83d/0x1080 __ntfs_write_inode+0x1049/0x1480 ntfs_file_fsync+0x131/0x9b0 ==================================================================
Let's move the post_write_mst_fixup() call to ntfs_ib_write(). The ntfs_ib_write() function calls pre_write_mst_fixup() at the beginning. If the index_block contents is invalid, pre_write_mst_fixup() fails and ntfs_ib_write() returns early without calling post_write_mst_fixup() on bad index_block.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-64431"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-25T10:17:27Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nntfs: avoid calling post_write_mst_fixup() for invalid index_block\n\nntfs_icx_ib_sync_write() calls post_write_mst_fixup() when ntfs_ib_write()\nreturns an error, intending to restore the buffer after a failed write.\n\nHowever, ntfs_ib_write() returns an error immediately if\npre_write_mst_fixup() validation fails. The caller,\nntfs_icx_ib_sync_write(), interprets any error as a write failure\nrequiring rollback. It does not differentiate between I/O errors and\nvalidation failures, and calls post_write_mst_fixup() anyway.\n\nSince post_write_mst_fixup() assumes that the index_block contents is\ncorrect, it doesn\u0027t perform the boundary checks, which results in\nout-of-bounds memory access.\n\nAn attacker can craft a malicious NTFS image with:\n - large index_block.usa_ofs offset, pointing outside the ntfs_record\n - index_block.usa_count = 0, causing integer underflow\n - or index_block.usa_count larger than actual number of sectors in the\n ntfs_record, causing out-of-bounds access\n\nKASAN reports describing the memory corruption:\n ==================================================================\n BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in post_write_mst_fixup+0x19c/0x1d0\n Read of size 2 at addr ffff8881586c9018 by task p/9428\n Call Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n dump_stack_lvl+0x100/0x190\n print_report+0x139/0x4ad\n ? post_write_mst_fixup+0x19c/0x1d0\n ? __virt_addr_valid+0x262/0x500\n ? post_write_mst_fixup+0x19c/0x1d0\n kasan_report+0xe4/0x1d0\n ? post_write_mst_fixup+0x19c/0x1d0\n post_write_mst_fixup+0x19c/0x1d0\n ntfs_icx_ib_sync_write+0x179/0x220\n ntfs_inode_sync_filename+0x83d/0x1080\n __ntfs_write_inode+0x1049/0x1480\n ntfs_file_fsync+0x131/0x9b0\n ==================================================================\n BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in post_write_mst_fixup+0x1aa/0x1d0\n Write of size 2 at addr ffff8881586c91fe by task p/9428\n Call Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n dump_stack_lvl+0x100/0x190\n print_report+0x139/0x4ad\n ? post_write_mst_fixup+0x1aa/0x1d0\n ? __virt_addr_valid+0x262/0x500\n ? post_write_mst_fixup+0x1aa/0x1d0\n kasan_report+0xe4/0x1d0\n ? post_write_mst_fixup+0x1aa/0x1d0\n post_write_mst_fixup+0x1aa/0x1d0\n ntfs_icx_ib_sync_write+0x179/0x220\n ntfs_inode_sync_filename+0x83d/0x1080\n __ntfs_write_inode+0x1049/0x1480\n ntfs_file_fsync+0x131/0x9b0\n ==================================================================\n\nLet\u0027s move the post_write_mst_fixup() call to ntfs_ib_write().\nThe ntfs_ib_write() function calls pre_write_mst_fixup() at the beginning.\nIf the index_block contents is invalid, pre_write_mst_fixup() fails and\nntfs_ib_write() returns early without calling post_write_mst_fixup() on\nbad index_block.",
"id": "GHSA-7v8v-8486-fvc6",
"modified": "2026-07-27T06:30:37Z",
"published": "2026-07-25T12:31:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-64431"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5b6eedd7cc2936f9238e852b553a1b326105bde8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e2018628301a6d9f54e34b0cb417f1688c66df1d"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7VF3-3W5M-F457
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-25 18:32 – Updated: 2023-11-01 21:30TOTOLINK X2000R Gh v1.0.0-B20230221.0948.web was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the function formNtp.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-46540"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-25T18:17:38Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK X2000R Gh v1.0.0-B20230221.0948.web was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the function formNtp.",
"id": "GHSA-7vf3-3w5m-f457",
"modified": "2023-11-01T21:30:18Z",
"published": "2023-10-25T18:32:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-46540"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/XYIYM/Digging/blob/main/TOTOLINK/X2000R/11/1.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://totolink.cn/home/menu/detail.html?menu_listtpl=download\u0026id=85\u0026ids=36"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7VF6-7FP6-HFCM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-29 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-02 00:01Tenda M3 V1.0.0.12(4856) was discovered to contain a heap buffer overflow vulnerability in the function formEmailTest. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via the mailname parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-38566"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-28T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Tenda M3 V1.0.0.12(4856) was discovered to contain a heap buffer overflow vulnerability in the function formEmailTest. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via the mailname parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-7vf6-7fp6-hfcm",
"modified": "2022-09-02T00:01:10Z",
"published": "2022-08-29T00:00:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38566"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xxy1126/Vuln/tree/main/Tenda%20M3/formEmailTest-mailname"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.