Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15341 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-5W8Q-M8CQ-GCQQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-15 15:30 – Updated: 2025-10-15 15:30
VLAI
Details
When BIG-IP SSL Orchestrator explicit forward proxy is configured on a virtual server and the proxy connect feature is enabled, undisclosed traffic may cause memory corruption. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-55036"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-15T14:15:51Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "When BIG-IP SSL Orchestrator explicit forward proxy is configured on a virtual server and the proxy connect feature is enabled, undisclosed traffic may cause memory corruption.\u00a0\u00a0Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.",
"id": "GHSA-5w8q-m8cq-gcqq",
"modified": "2025-10-15T15:30:28Z",
"published": "2025-10-15T15:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55036"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000151368"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-5W9R-VPPC-4V26
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-11 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-28 21:31
VLAI
Details
In onQueueFilled of SoftMPEG4.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a heap buffer overflow. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0051"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-11T17:15:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In onQueueFilled of SoftMPEG4.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a heap buffer overflow. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-5w9r-vppc-4v26",
"modified": "2024-08-28T21:31:26Z",
"published": "2024-03-11T18:31:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0051"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/av/+/a52c14a5b49f26efafa581dea653b4179d66909e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2024-03-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5WC6-6P3C-6QX2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-13 12:31 – Updated: 2024-12-16 18:31
VLAI
Details
Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow') vulnerability in RTI Connext Professional (Core Libraries, Routing Service) allows Overflow Variables and Tags.This issue affects Connext Professional: from 7.0.0 before 7.3.0.5, from 6.1.0 before 6.1.2.21, from 6.0.0 before 6.0.1.40, from 5.0.0 before 5.3.1.45.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-52063"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-120",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-13T11:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input (\u0027Classic Buffer Overflow\u0027) vulnerability in RTI Connext Professional (Core Libraries, Routing Service) allows Overflow Variables and Tags.This issue affects Connext Professional: from 7.0.0 before 7.3.0.5, from 6.1.0 before 6.1.2.21, from 6.0.0 before 6.0.1.40, from 5.0.0 before 5.3.1.45.",
"id": "GHSA-5wc6-6p3c-6qx2",
"modified": "2024-12-16T18:31:08Z",
"published": "2024-12-13T12:31:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-52063"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.rti.com/vulnerabilities/#cve-2024-52063"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-5WFC-HJRC-GQ87
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-14 15:30 – Updated: 2026-05-20 22:35
VLAI
Summary
hjson stack exhaustion vulnerability
Details
An issue was discovered hjson through 3.0.0 allows attackers to cause a denial of service or other unspecified impacts via crafted objects that deeply nested structures.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.0.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.hjson:hjson"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.0.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "laktak/hjson"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/hjson/hjson-go/v4"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.5.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-34620"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-674",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-06-14T20:38:48Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-14T14:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered hjson through 3.0.0 allows attackers to cause a denial of service or other unspecified impacts via crafted objects that deeply nested structures.",
"id": "GHSA-5wfc-hjrc-gq87",
"modified": "2026-05-20T22:35:10Z",
"published": "2023-06-14T15:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34620"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/hjson/hjson-java/issues/24"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/hjson/hjson-cpp/pull/54"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/hjson/hjson-go/pull/67"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/hjson/hjson-php/pull/45"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/hjson/hjson-go/commit/326599cebc6ef759892f473bf1439b98466a99fa"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/hjson/hjson-php/commit/2d1b8b4b158a8d841f3a228f267c7cd84fe5a4fa"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "hjson stack exhaustion vulnerability"
}
GHSA-5WGX-4X92-F6PF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:19 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:31
VLAI
Details
An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the Windows kernel fails to properly handle objects in memory, aka 'Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability'. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2020-1237, CVE-2020-1246, CVE-2020-1262, CVE-2020-1264, CVE-2020-1266, CVE-2020-1269, CVE-2020-1273, CVE-2020-1274, CVE-2020-1275, CVE-2020-1276, CVE-2020-1307, CVE-2020-1316.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-0986"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-06-09T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the Windows kernel fails to properly handle objects in memory, aka \u0027Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability\u0027. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2020-1237, CVE-2020-1246, CVE-2020-1262, CVE-2020-1264, CVE-2020-1266, CVE-2020-1269, CVE-2020-1273, CVE-2020-1274, CVE-2020-1275, CVE-2020-1276, CVE-2020-1307, CVE-2020-1316.",
"id": "GHSA-5wgx-4x92-f6pf",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:31:55Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:19:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-0986"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2020-0986"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2020-0986"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/160698/Microsoft-Windows-splWOW64-Privilege-Escalation.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5WGX-VM65-XVP4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:29 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:29
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in WavPack 5.1.0 and earlier for DSDiff input. Out-of-bounds writes can occur because ParseDsdiffHeaderConfig in dsdiff.c does not validate the sizes of unknown chunks before attempting memory allocation, related to a lack of integer-overflow protection within a bytes_to_copy calculation and subsequent malloc call, leading to insufficient memory allocation.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-10539"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-04-29T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in WavPack 5.1.0 and earlier for DSDiff input. Out-of-bounds writes can occur because ParseDsdiffHeaderConfig in dsdiff.c does not validate the sizes of unknown chunks before attempting memory allocation, related to a lack of integer-overflow protection within a bytes_to_copy calculation and subsequent malloc call, leading to insufficient memory allocation.",
"id": "GHSA-5wgx-vm65-xvp4",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:29:44Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:29:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-10539"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dbry/WavPack/issues/33"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dbry/WavPack/commit/6f8bb34c2993a48ab9afbe353e6d0cff7c8d821d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/6CFFFWIWALGQPKINRDW3PRGRD5LOLGZA"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BRWQNE3TH5UF64IKHKKHVCHJHUOVKJUH"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Dec/37"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3637-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4197"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/155743/Slackware-Security-Advisory-wavpack-Updates.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5WHG-J5FV-XCM2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:22 – Updated: 2025-10-22 17:20
VLAI
Summary
ChakraCore RCE Vulnerability
Details
The Chakra JavaScript scripting engine in Microsoft Edge allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka "Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability," a different vulnerability than CVE-2016-7201, CVE-2016-7202, CVE-2016-7203, CVE-2016-7208, CVE-2016-7240, CVE-2016-7242, and CVE-2016-7243.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Microsoft.ChakraCore"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-7200"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-28T20:27:48Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2016-11-10T06:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Chakra JavaScript scripting engine in Microsoft Edge allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site, aka \"Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability,\" a different vulnerability than CVE-2016-7201, CVE-2016-7202, CVE-2016-7203, CVE-2016-7208, CVE-2016-7240, CVE-2016-7242, and CVE-2016-7243.",
"id": "GHSA-5whg-j5fv-xcm2",
"modified": "2025-10-22T17:20:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:22:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-7200"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/chakra-core/ChakraCore/pull/1982"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/chakra-core/ChakraCore/commit/c2787ef8fdb7401922e9ec6540e4e5895d11c631"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2016/ms16-129"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/chakra-core/ChakraCore"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/theori-io/chakra-2016-11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210123184454/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93968"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211126224744/http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037245"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2016-7200"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40785"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40990"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/140382/Microsoft-Edge-chakra.dll-Information-Leak-Type-Confusion.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93968"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037245"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "ChakraCore RCE Vulnerability"
}
GHSA-5WJ4-3VV6-HR3F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:13 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:13
VLAI
Details
A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.3, Security Update 2021-002 Catalina, Security Update 2021-003 Mojave. Opening a maliciously crafted file may lead to unexpected application termination or arbitrary code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1847"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-08T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.3, Security Update 2021-002 Catalina, Security Update 2021-003 Mojave. Opening a maliciously crafted file may lead to unexpected application termination or arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-5wj4-3vv6-hr3f",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:13:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:13:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1847"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212325"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212326"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212327"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-5WJM-MM52-WVXG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-18 03:30 – Updated: 2024-01-19 21:30
VLAI
Details
In video decoder, there is a possible out of bounds write due to improper input validation. This could lead to local denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-48340"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-18T03:15:57Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In video decoder, there is a possible out of bounds write due to improper input validation. This could lead to local denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed",
"id": "GHSA-5wjm-mm52-wvxg",
"modified": "2024-01-19T21:30:35Z",
"published": "2024-01-18T03:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48340"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1745735200442220545"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5WM6-38MH-Q6XQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-21 15:33 – Updated: 2026-03-21 15:33
VLAI
Details
TwistedBrush Pro Studio 24.06 contains a denial of service vulnerability in the Resize Image function that allows local attackers to crash the application by supplying an excessively long buffer. Attackers can paste a malicious string into the New Width or New Height field to trigger a buffer overflow that causes the application to crash.
Severity
6.2 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-25556"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-21T13:16:18Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "TwistedBrush Pro Studio 24.06 contains a denial of service vulnerability in the Resize Image function that allows local attackers to crash the application by supplying an excessively long buffer. Attackers can paste a malicious string into the New Width or New Height field to trigger a buffer overflow that causes the application to crash.",
"id": "GHSA-5wm6-38mh-q6xq",
"modified": "2026-03-21T15:33:23Z",
"published": "2026-03-21T15:33:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-25556"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/46843"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/twistedbrush-pro-studio-resize-image-denial-of-service"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.pixarra.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.