Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15281 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-5H3P-5XX6-MH88
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-02 12:00 – Updated: 2022-11-04 12:00
VLAI
Details
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 16.1 and iPadOS 16, macOS Ventura 13. An app with root privileges may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-42830"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-01T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 16.1 and iPadOS 16, macOS Ventura 13. An app with root privileges may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-5h3p-5xx6-mh88",
"modified": "2022-11-04T12:00:22Z",
"published": "2022-11-02T12:00:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42830"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213488"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213489"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5H3X-76Q4-JHH6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-18 09:31 – Updated: 2025-09-12 18:31
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability has been reported to affect File Station 5. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to modify or corrupt memory.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: File Station 5 5.5.6.4933 and later
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-47206"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-18T09:15:28Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write vulnerability has been reported to affect File Station 5. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to modify or corrupt memory.\n\nWe have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version:\nFile Station 5 5.5.6.4933 and later",
"id": "GHSA-5h3x-76q4-jhh6",
"modified": "2025-09-12T18:31:09Z",
"published": "2025-08-18T09:31:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47206"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-25-31"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-5H56-5V9Q-6VX2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:36 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:36
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in the IPv6 stack in Contiki through 3.0. There is an insufficient check for the IPv6 header length. This leads to Denial-of-Service and potential Remote Code Execution via a crafted ICMPv6 echo packet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-25111"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-11T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in the IPv6 stack in Contiki through 3.0. There is an insufficient check for the IPv6 header length. This leads to Denial-of-Service and potential Remote Code Execution via a crafted ICMPv6 echo packet.",
"id": "GHSA-5h56-5v9q-6vx2",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:36:12Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:36:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-25111"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-20-343-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/815128"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-5H57-GGM2-4677
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-05 00:30 – Updated: 2024-10-08 21:31
VLAI
Details
Heap buffer overflow in Browser History in Google Chrome prior to 112.0.5615.49 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-1820"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-04T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap buffer overflow in Browser History in Google Chrome prior to 112.0.5615.49 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI interaction to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)",
"id": "GHSA-5h57-ggm2-4677",
"modified": "2024-10-08T21:31:04Z",
"published": "2023-04-05T00:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1820"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2023/04/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1408120"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FG3CRADL7IL5IHK4NCHG4LAYLKHFXETX"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HO3QZY4UQFP4XNF43ILMVVOABMB7KAQ5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202309-17"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5386"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5H68-FMRQ-J5R6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:06 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:06
VLAI
Details
KDE KImageFormats 5.70.0 through 5.81.0 has a stack-based buffer overflow in XCFImageFormat::loadTileRLE.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-36083"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-07-01T03:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "KDE KImageFormats 5.70.0 through 5.81.0 has a stack-based buffer overflow in XCFImageFormat::loadTileRLE.",
"id": "GHSA-5h68-fmrq-j5r6",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:06:45Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:06:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36083"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/detail?id=33742"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz-vulns/blob/main/vulns/kimageformats/OSV-2021-695.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://invent.kde.org/frameworks/kimageformats/commit/297ed9a2fe339bfe36916b9fce628c3242e5be0f"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-5H6H-2WJP-JC72
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-07 06:30 – Updated: 2026-04-07 15:30
VLAI
Details
In Modem, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote escalation of privilege, if a UE has connected to a rogue base station controlled by the attacker, with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Patch ID: MOLY01088681; Issue ID: MSV-4460.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20433"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-07T04:17:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Modem, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote escalation of privilege, if a UE has connected to a rogue base station controlled by the attacker, with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Patch ID: MOLY01088681; Issue ID: MSV-4460.",
"id": "GHSA-5h6h-2wjp-jc72",
"modified": "2026-04-07T15:30:48Z",
"published": "2026-04-07T06:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20433"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/April-2026"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5H6M-6WC7-JXV6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:23 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:23
VLAI
Details
Heap-based buffer overflow in the nsWindow::OnExposeEvent function in Mozilla Firefox before 17.0, Firefox ESR 10.x before 10.0.11, Thunderbird before 17.0, Thunderbird ESR 10.x before 10.0.11, and SeaMonkey before 2.14 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-5829"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-11-21T12:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in the nsWindow::OnExposeEvent function in Mozilla Firefox before 17.0, Firefox ESR 10.x before 10.0.11, Thunderbird before 17.0, Thunderbird ESR 10.x before 10.0.11, and SeaMonkey before 2.14 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-5h6m-6wc7-jxv6",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:23:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:23:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-5829"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=792305"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/80195"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A16849"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2012-11/msg00021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2013-01/msg00006.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2013-01/msg00007.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2013-01/msg00010.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2013-01/msg00017.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2013-01/msg00022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2012-11/msg00090.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2012-11/msg00092.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2012-11/msg00093.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/87608"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2012-1482.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2012-1483.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/51359"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/51360"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/51369"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/51370"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/51381"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/51434"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/51439"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/51440"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2012/dsa-2583"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2012/dsa-2584"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2012/dsa-2588"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2012:173"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mozilla.org/security/announce/2012/mfsa2012-105.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mozilla.org/security/announce/2013/mfsa2013-02.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/56636"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1636-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1638-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1638-2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1638-3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1681-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1681-2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1681-4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-5H72-HX69-2686
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-30 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:16
VLAI
Details
Tenda AC9 V3.0 V15.03.06.42_multi and Tenda AC5 US_AC5V1.0RTL_V15.03.06.28 were discovered to contain a stack overflow via parameter list at url /goform/SetStaticRouteCfg.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-41553"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-30T13:15:13Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda AC9 V3.0 V15.03.06.42_multi and Tenda AC5 US_AC5V1.0RTL_V15.03.06.28 were discovered to contain a stack overflow via parameter list at url /goform/SetStaticRouteCfg.",
"id": "GHSA-5h72-hx69-2686",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:16:43Z",
"published": "2023-08-30T15:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41553"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/peris-navince/founded-0-days/blob/main/fromSetRouteStatic/1.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5H77-9826-97QG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-24 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 21:31
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
fs/adfs: validate nzones in adfs_validate_bblk()
Reject ADFS disc records with a zero zone count during boot block validation, before the disc record is used.
When nzones is 0, adfs_read_map() passes it to kmalloc_array(0, ...) which returns ZERO_SIZE_PTR, and adfs_map_layout() then writes to dm[-1], causing an out-of-bounds write before the allocated buffer.
adfs_validate_dr0() already rejects nzones != 1 for old-format images. Add the equivalent check to adfs_validate_bblk() for new-format images so that a crafted image with nzones == 0 is rejected at probe time.
Found by syzkaller.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-52992"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-24T17:17:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfs/adfs: validate nzones in adfs_validate_bblk()\n\nReject ADFS disc records with a zero zone count during boot block\nvalidation, before the disc record is used.\n\nWhen nzones is 0, adfs_read_map() passes it to kmalloc_array(0, ...)\nwhich returns ZERO_SIZE_PTR, and adfs_map_layout() then writes to\ndm[-1], causing an out-of-bounds write before the allocated buffer.\n\nadfs_validate_dr0() already rejects nzones != 1 for old-format\nimages. Add the equivalent check to adfs_validate_bblk() for\nnew-format images so that a crafted image with nzones == 0 is\nrejected at probe time.\n\nFound by syzkaller.",
"id": "GHSA-5h77-9826-97qg",
"modified": "2026-07-14T21:31:27Z",
"published": "2026-06-24T18:32:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-52992"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1586bd2d2fb436a26df20a70e78b000d34a7d159"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1f0ed0f57f0fc87e46fe19a05435c214dc464be2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/33aafd2418a59c96c0389d47ea09026661fa9ec6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/60d82592ac8b5637fbed871381eb0a16df0a492e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6ff8cca5cdb4f2e0ea6d28ecd78479dd3f221ebc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a11372a8b1ceaa5e950a84b3b5fbf8228f25e277"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a3fd5dc1c7b0aae947a67dc2e2c037d57557a4de"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd9d3e16c2d5fa166e13dce07413be51f42c8f5d"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5H7V-72V6-2R5W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-24 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-30 00:01
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel before 5.16.15, there is a buffer overflow in ESP transformation in net/ipv4/esp4.c and net/ipv6/esp6.c via a large message. In some configurations, local users can gain privileges by overwriting kernel heap objects.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-27666"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-23T06:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel before 5.16.15, there is a buffer overflow in ESP transformation in net/ipv4/esp4.c and net/ipv6/esp6.c via a large message. In some configurations, local users can gain privileges by overwriting kernel heap objects.",
"id": "GHSA-5h7v-72v6-2r5w",
"modified": "2022-03-30T00:01:11Z",
"published": "2022-03-24T00:00:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27666"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/ebe48d368e97d007bfeb76fcb065d6cfc4c96645"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2061633"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/ChangeLog-5.16.15"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=ebe48d368e97d007bfeb76fcb065d6cfc4c96645"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220429-0001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5127"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5173"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.