Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15246 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-4JWQ-572W-4388
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-30 23:55 – Updated: 2024-01-30 23:55
VLAI
Summary
Memory over-allocation in evm crate
Details
Impact
Prior to the patch, when executing specific EVM opcodes related to memory operations that use evm_core::Memory::copy_large, the crate can over-allocate memory when it is not needed, making it possible for an attacker to perform denial-of-service attack.
Patches
The flaw was corrected in commit 19ade85. Users should upgrade to ==0.21.1, ==0.23.1, ==0.24.1, ==0.25.1, >=0.26.1.
Workarounds
None. Please upgrade your evm crate version
References
Fix commit: https://github.com/rust-blockchain/evm/commit/19ade858c430ab13eb562764a870ac9f8506f8dd
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in evm repo * Email Wei
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.21.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "evm"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.21.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.21.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "evm-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.21.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "evm"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.22.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.22.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"0.22.0"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "evm"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.23.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.23.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"0.23.0"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "evm"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.24.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.24.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"0.24.0"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "evm"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.25.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.25.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"0.25.0"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "evm"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.26.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.26.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"0.26.0"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "evm-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.22.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.22.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"0.22.0"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "evm-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.23.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.23.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"0.23.0"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "evm-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.24.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.24.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"0.24.0"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "evm-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.25.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.25.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"0.25.0"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "evm-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.26.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.26.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"0.26.0"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-29511"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-30T23:55:38Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-12T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nPrior to the patch, when executing specific EVM opcodes related to memory operations that use `evm_core::Memory::copy_large`, the crate can over-allocate memory when it is not needed, making it possible for an attacker to perform denial-of-service attack.\n\n### Patches\nThe flaw was corrected in commit `19ade85`. Users should upgrade to `==0.21.1, ==0.23.1, ==0.24.1, ==0.25.1, \u003e=0.26.1`.\n\n### Workarounds\nNone. Please upgrade your `evm` crate version\n\n### References\nFix commit: https://github.com/rust-blockchain/evm/commit/19ade858c430ab13eb562764a870ac9f8506f8dd\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [evm repo](https://github.com/rust-blockchain/evm)\n* Email [Wei](mailto:wei@that.world)\n",
"id": "GHSA-4jwq-572w-4388",
"modified": "2024-01-30T23:55:38Z",
"published": "2024-01-30T23:55:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rust-blockchain/evm/security/advisories/GHSA-4jwq-572w-4388"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29511"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rust-blockchain/evm/commit/19ade858c430ab13eb562764a870ac9f8506f8dd"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Memory over-allocation in evm crate"
}
GHSA-4M2V-48RC-7RP4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:10 – Updated: 2022-07-11 00:00
VLAI
Details
A stack-based buffer overflow in the genptk_text component in genptk.c of fig2dev 3.2.7b allows attackers to cause a denial of service (DOS) via converting a xfig file into ptk format.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-21675"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-10T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A stack-based buffer overflow in the genptk_text component in genptk.c of fig2dev 3.2.7b allows attackers to cause a denial of service (DOS) via converting a xfig file into ptk format.",
"id": "GHSA-4m2v-48rc-7rp4",
"modified": "2022-07-11T00:00:20Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:10:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-21675"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/121.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/10/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceforge.net/p/mcj/tickets/78"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4M3C-5MQ3-5QXQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-02 00:00 – Updated: 2022-01-13 00:01
VLAI
Details
libjxl b02d6b9, as used in libvips 8.11 through 8.11.2 and other products, has an out-of-bounds write in jxl::ModularFrameDecoder::DecodeGroup (called from jxl::FrameDecoder::ProcessACGroup and jxl::ThreadPool::RunCallState<jxl::FrameDecoder::ProcessSections).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45928"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-01T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "libjxl b02d6b9, as used in libvips 8.11 through 8.11.2 and other products, has an out-of-bounds write in jxl::ModularFrameDecoder::DecodeGroup (called from jxl::FrameDecoder::ProcessACGroup and jxl::ThreadPool::RunCallState\u003cjxl::FrameDecoder::ProcessSections).",
"id": "GHSA-4m3c-5mq3-5qxq",
"modified": "2022-01-13T00:01:51Z",
"published": "2022-01-02T00:00:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45928"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/libjxl/libjxl/issues/360"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/libjxl/libjxl/pull/365"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/detail?id=36456"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz-vulns/blob/main/vulns/libvips/OSV-2021-1055.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/libjxl/libjxl/compare/v0.5...v0.6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-4M3Q-V5M4-MC2X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-26 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-14 21:31
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability has been identified in CPCI85 Central Processing/Communication (All versions < V26.10), SICORE Base system (All versions < V26.10.0). The affected application contains an out-of-bounds write vulnerability while parsing specially crafted XML inputs. This could allow an unauthenticated attacker to exploit this issue by sending a malicious XML request, which may cause the service to crash, resulting in a denial-of-service condition.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-27664"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-26T15:16:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in CPCI85 Central Processing/Communication (All versions \u003c V26.10), SICORE Base system (All versions \u003c V26.10.0). The affected application contains an out-of-bounds write vulnerability while parsing specially crafted XML inputs. This could allow an unauthenticated attacker to exploit this issue by sending a malicious XML request, which may cause the service to crash, resulting in a denial-of-service condition.",
"id": "GHSA-4m3q-v5m4-mc2x",
"modified": "2026-04-14T21:31:41Z",
"published": "2026-03-26T15:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27664"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-246443.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2026/Apr/7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-4M4F-3M29-78R8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:36 – Updated: 2025-05-22 21:30
VLAI
Details
Medtronic MyCareLink Smart 25000 all versions are vulnerable when an attacker who gains auth runs a debug command, which is sent to the reader causing heap overflow in the MCL Smart Reader stack. A heap overflow allows attacker to remotely execute code on the MCL Smart Reader, could lead to control of device.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-25187"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-14T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Medtronic MyCareLink Smart 25000 all versions are vulnerable when an attacker who gains auth runs a debug command, which is sent to the reader causing heap overflow in the MCL Smart Reader stack. A heap overflow allows attacker to remotely execute code on the MCL Smart Reader, could lead to control of device.",
"id": "GHSA-4m4f-3m29-78r8",
"modified": "2025-05-22T21:30:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:36:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-25187"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://global.medtronic.com/xg-en/product-security/security-bulletins/mycarelink-smart-security-vulnerability-patch.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsma-20-345-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-medical-advisories/icsma-20-345-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4M4G-P795-CMQ7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-10 21:30 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:34
VLAI
Details
Out of bounds memory access in Compositing in Google Chrome prior to 123.0.6312.122 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the GPU process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via specific UI gestures. (Chromium security severity: High)
Severity
8.1 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-3157"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-10T19:15:49Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Out of bounds memory access in Compositing in Google Chrome prior to 123.0.6312.122 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the GPU process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via specific UI gestures. (Chromium security severity: High)",
"id": "GHSA-4m4g-p795-cmq7",
"modified": "2024-07-03T18:34:15Z",
"published": "2024-04-10T21:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3157"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2024/04/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_10.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/331237485"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/5EW66LXDACTB5FCHLUPZOGD2KA2J62Q2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/EVEJEW7UCSUSK2J2FYQRZZPI74P2D3JP"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NDHNEFD76ORM7WBWAEZT6HSYDMZVIED4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4M65-9G68-65W5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-07 12:33 – Updated: 2025-04-07 12:33
VLAI
Details
Memory corruption when IOCTL call is invoked from user-space to write board data to WLAN driver.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-21440"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-07T11:15:52Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Memory corruption when IOCTL call is invoked from user-space to write board data to WLAN driver.",
"id": "GHSA-4m65-9g68-65w5",
"modified": "2025-04-07T12:33:19Z",
"published": "2025-04-07T12:33:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21440"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.qualcomm.com/product/publicresources/securitybulletin/april-2025-bulletin.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4M6M-G8V5-W4FF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-09 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:54
VLAI
Details
In tee service, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local denial of service with System execution privileges needed.
Severity
4.4 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-48373"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-09T02:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In tee service, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local denial of service with System execution privileges needed.",
"id": "GHSA-4m6m-g8v5-w4ff",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:54:35Z",
"published": "2023-05-09T03:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-48373"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1654776866982133761"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4M6W-8H73-RV8P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-22 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:07
VLAI
Details
Heap buffer overflow vulnerability in binutils readelf before 2.40 via function display_debug_section in file readelf.c.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-45703"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-22T19:16:30Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap buffer overflow vulnerability in binutils readelf before 2.40 via function display_debug_section in file readelf.c.",
"id": "GHSA-4m6w-8h73-rv8p",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:07:35Z",
"published": "2023-08-22T21:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45703"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20231006-0003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=29799"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4M6W-XV4R-C7H3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-14 12:30 – Updated: 2023-02-23 15:33
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability has been identified in Tecnomatix Plant Simulation (All versions < V2201.0006). The affected application contains an out of bounds write past the end of an allocated buffer while parsing a specially crafted SPP file. This could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process. (ZDI-CAN-19818)
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-24996"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-14T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in Tecnomatix Plant Simulation (All versions \u003c V2201.0006). The affected application contains an out of bounds write past the end of an allocated buffer while parsing a specially crafted SPP file. This could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process. (ZDI-CAN-19818)",
"id": "GHSA-4m6w-xv4r-c7h3",
"modified": "2023-02-23T15:33:07Z",
"published": "2023-02-14T12:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24996"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-847261.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.