CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15115 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-X75X-RR26-FWQF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:11 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:11In noteAtomLogged of StatsdStats.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10 Android-11 Android-9Android ID: A-187957589
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-0640"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-17T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In noteAtomLogged of StatsdStats.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10 Android-11 Android-9Android ID: A-187957589",
"id": "GHSA-x75x-rr26-fwqf",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:11:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:11:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-0640"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2021-08-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-X76C-7X48-932F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:20 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:20An issue was discovered in LibVNCServer before 0.9.13. libvncserver/hextile.c allows out-of-bounds access via encodings.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-14403"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-125",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-06-17T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in LibVNCServer before 0.9.13. libvncserver/hextile.c allows out-of-bounds access via encodings.",
"id": "GHSA-x76c-7x48-932f",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:20:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:20:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-14403"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LibVNC/libvncserver/commit/74e8a70f2c9a5248d6718ce443e07c7ed314dfff"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-390195.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LibVNC/libvncserver/compare/LibVNCServer-0.9.12...LibVNCServer-0.9.13"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/06/msg00035.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/08/msg00045.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4434-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4573-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X76R-966H-5QV9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-06 22:15 – Updated: 2022-01-07 16:19An issue was discovered in the vec-const crate before 2.0.0 for Rust. It tries to construct a Vec from a pointer to a const slice, leading to memory corruption.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "vec-const"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45680"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-01-06T18:17:26Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-27T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in the vec-const crate before 2.0.0 for Rust. It tries to construct a Vec from a pointer to a const slice, leading to memory corruption.",
"id": "GHSA-x76r-966h-5qv9",
"modified": "2022-01-07T16:19:25Z",
"published": "2022-01-06T22:15:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45680"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Eolu/vec-const/issues/1#issuecomment-898908241"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Eolu/vec-const"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rustsec/advisory-db/main/crates/vec-const/RUSTSEC-2021-0082.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2021-0082.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Out-of-bounds Write in vec-const"
}
GHSA-X77M-CQ63-HF34
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:04 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:04Out of bounds write in the BMC firmware for some Intel(R) Server Boards, Server Systems and Compute Modules before version 2.48.ce3e3bd2 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-24473"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-09T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Out of bounds write in the BMC firmware for some Intel(R) Server Boards, Server Systems and Compute Modules before version 2.48.ce3e3bd2 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.",
"id": "GHSA-x77m-cq63-hf34",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:04:27Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:04:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-24473"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00476.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-X77R-97GW-WH89
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-27 18:32 – Updated: 2026-05-12 15:31Issue summary: Calling PKCS12_get_friendlyname() function on a maliciously crafted PKCS#12 file with a BMPString (UTF-16BE) friendly name containing non-ASCII BMP code point can trigger a one byte write before the allocated buffer.
Impact summary: The out-of-bounds write can cause a memory corruption which can have various consequences including a Denial of Service.
The OPENSSL_uni2utf8() function performs a two-pass conversion of a PKCS#12 BMPString (UTF-16BE) to UTF-8. In the second pass, when emitting UTF-8 bytes, the helper function bmp_to_utf8() incorrectly forwards the remaining UTF-16 source byte count as the destination buffer capacity to UTF8_putc(). For BMP code points above U+07FF, UTF-8 requires three bytes, but the forwarded capacity can be just two bytes. UTF8_putc() then returns -1, and this negative value is added to the output length without validation, causing the length to become negative. The subsequent trailing NUL byte is then written at a negative offset, causing write outside of heap allocated buffer.
The vulnerability is reachable via the public PKCS12_get_friendlyname() API when parsing attacker-controlled PKCS#12 files. While PKCS12_parse() uses a different code path that avoids this issue, PKCS12_get_friendlyname() directly invokes the vulnerable function. Exploitation requires an attacker to provide a malicious PKCS#12 file to be parsed by the application and the attacker can just trigger a one zero byte write before the allocated buffer. For that reason the issue was assessed as Low severity according to our Security Policy.
The FIPS modules in 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3 and 3.0 are not affected by this issue, as the PKCS#12 implementation is outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.
OpenSSL 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.0 and 1.1.1 are vulnerable to this issue.
OpenSSL 1.0.2 is not affected by this issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-69419"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-27T16:16:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Issue summary: Calling PKCS12_get_friendlyname() function on a maliciously\ncrafted PKCS#12 file with a BMPString (UTF-16BE) friendly name containing\nnon-ASCII BMP code point can trigger a one byte write before the allocated\nbuffer.\n\nImpact summary: The out-of-bounds write can cause a memory corruption\nwhich can have various consequences including a Denial of Service.\n\nThe OPENSSL_uni2utf8() function performs a two-pass conversion of a PKCS#12\nBMPString (UTF-16BE) to UTF-8. In the second pass, when emitting UTF-8 bytes,\nthe helper function bmp_to_utf8() incorrectly forwards the remaining UTF-16\nsource byte count as the destination buffer capacity to UTF8_putc(). For BMP\ncode points above U+07FF, UTF-8 requires three bytes, but the forwarded\ncapacity can be just two bytes. UTF8_putc() then returns -1, and this negative\nvalue is added to the output length without validation, causing the\nlength to become negative. The subsequent trailing NUL byte is then written\nat a negative offset, causing write outside of heap allocated buffer.\n\nThe vulnerability is reachable via the public PKCS12_get_friendlyname() API\nwhen parsing attacker-controlled PKCS#12 files. While PKCS12_parse() uses a\ndifferent code path that avoids this issue, PKCS12_get_friendlyname() directly\ninvokes the vulnerable function. Exploitation requires an attacker to provide\na malicious PKCS#12 file to be parsed by the application and the attacker\ncan just trigger a one zero byte write before the allocated buffer.\nFor that reason the issue was assessed as Low severity according to our\nSecurity Policy.\n\nThe FIPS modules in 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3 and 3.0 are not affected by this issue,\nas the PKCS#12 implementation is outside the OpenSSL FIPS module boundary.\n\nOpenSSL 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.0 and 1.1.1 are vulnerable to this issue.\n\nOpenSSL 1.0.2 is not affected by this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-x77r-97gw-wh89",
"modified": "2026-05-12T15:31:13Z",
"published": "2026-01-27T18:32:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69419"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/41be0f216404f14457bbf3b9cc488dba60b49296"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/7e9cac9832e4705b91987c2474ed06a37a93cecb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/a26a90d38edec3748566129d824e664b54bee2e2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/cda12de3bc0e333ea8d2c6fd15001dbdaf280015"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/ff628933755075446bca8307e8417c14d164b535"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20260127.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X77V-4M7V-7FGV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-26 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-06 00:01There is a heap-buffer-overflow in GIFLIB 5.2.1 function DumpScreen2RGB() in gif2rgb.c:298:45.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28506"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-25T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "There is a heap-buffer-overflow in GIFLIB 5.2.1 function DumpScreen2RGB() in gif2rgb.c:298:45.",
"id": "GHSA-x77v-4m7v-7fgv",
"modified": "2022-05-06T00:01:20Z",
"published": "2022-04-26T00:00:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28506"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/verf1sh/Poc/blob/master/asan_report_giflib.png"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/verf1sh/Poc/blob/master/giflib_poc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/B4CJSHXBD2RS5OJNWSHQZVMTQCCTIPYS"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KEAFUZXOOJJVFYRQM6IIJ7LMLEKCCESG"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceforge.net/p/giflib/bugs/159"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X78C-JJ5V-W79V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:47 – Updated: 2022-10-08 00:00Adobe Bridge versions 10.1.1 (and earlier) and 11.0.1 (and earlier) are affected by a memory corruption vulnerability when parsing a specially crafted file. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21092"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787",
"CWE-788"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-04-15T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Bridge versions 10.1.1 (and earlier) and 11.0.1 (and earlier) are affected by a memory corruption vulnerability when parsing a specially crafted file. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-x78c-jj5v-w79v",
"modified": "2022-10-08T00:00:32Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:47:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21092"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/bridge/apsb21-23.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-415"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X78G-CFG5-7FHX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:42 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:42An issue was discovered in Tiny C Compiler (aka TinyCC or TCC) 0.9.27. Compiling a crafted source file leads to an 8 byte out of bounds write in the asm_parse_directive function in tccasm.c.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-20376"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-12-23T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Tiny C Compiler (aka TinyCC or TCC) 0.9.27. Compiling a crafted source file leads to an 8 byte out of bounds write in the asm_parse_directive function in tccasm.c.",
"id": "GHSA-x78g-cfg5-7fhx",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:42:54Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:42:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-20376"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.nongnu.org/archive/html/tinycc-devel/2018-12/msg00013.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X792-97VQ-2C7G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:30Multiple buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the vtysh_ubus binary of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5 due to the use of an unsafe sprintf pattern. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to a buffer overflow. An attacker can send HTTP requests to trigger these vulnerabilities.This buffer overflow occurs in the firewall_handler_set function with the index and to_dport variables.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-25087"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-06T15:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the vtysh_ubus binary of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5 due to the use of an unsafe sprintf pattern. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to a buffer overflow. An attacker can send HTTP requests to trigger these vulnerabilities.This buffer overflow occurs in the firewall_handler_set function with the index and to_dport variables.",
"id": "GHSA-x792-97vq-2c7g",
"modified": "2025-11-04T21:30:34Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T15:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25087"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1716"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1716"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X7C3-Q65H-RWRM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-09 21:31 – Updated: 2026-07-09 21:31An Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in the SNMP daemon (snmpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an authenticated network-based attacker sending specific valid SNMPv3 queries to trigger a memory leak. Over time, continuous receipt of these queries will result in snmpd process memory exhaustion, resulting in a process crash and restart, impacting the ability to monitor the system via SNMP.
Memory usage can be monitored using the following command:
user@device> show system processes extensive | match snmpd
This issue affects:
Junos OS:
- all versions before 21.2R3-S8;
- from 21.4 before 21.4R3-S7;
- from 22.1 before 22.1R3-S6;
- from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S4;
- from 22.3 before 22.3R3-S3;
- from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S2;
- from 23.2 before 23.2R2;
- from 23.4 before 23.4R2.
Junos OS Evolved: * all versions before 21.2R3-S8-EVO; * from 21.4 before 21.4R3-S7-EVO; * all versions of 22.1-EVO, * from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S4-EVO; * from 22.3 before 22.3R3-S3-EVO; * all versions of 22.4-EVO, * from 23.2 before 23.2R2-EVO; * from 23.4 before 23.4R2-EVO.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-33799"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-09T21:16:54Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in the SNMP daemon (snmpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an authenticated network-based attacker sending specific valid SNMPv3 queries to trigger a memory leak. Over time, continuous receipt of these queries will result in snmpd process memory exhaustion, resulting in a process crash and restart, impacting the ability to monitor the system via SNMP.\n\nMemory usage can be monitored using the following command:\n\nuser@device\u003e show system processes extensive | match snmpd\n\n\n\n\nThis issue affects:\n\nJunos OS:\n\n\n * all versions before 21.2R3-S8;\n * from 21.4 before 21.4R3-S7;\n * from 22.1 before 22.1R3-S6;\n * from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S4;\n * from 22.3 before 22.3R3-S3;\n * from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S2;\n * from 23.2 before 23.2R2;\n * from 23.4 before 23.4R2.\n\n\n\nJunos OS Evolved:\n * all versions before 21.2R3-S8-EVO;\n * from 21.4 before 21.4R3-S7-EVO;\n * all versions of 22.1-EVO,\n * from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S4-EVO;\n * from 22.3 before 22.3R3-S3-EVO;\n * all versions of 22.4-EVO,\n * from 23.2 before 23.2R2-EVO;\n * from 23.4 before 23.4R2-EVO.",
"id": "GHSA-x7c3-q65h-rwrm",
"modified": "2026-07-09T21:31:21Z",
"published": "2026-07-09T21:31:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33799"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA110074"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:Y/R:A/V:C/RE:M/U:Green",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.