Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15139 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-X29M-Q7QJ-F3CP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-08 00:30 – Updated: 2023-03-11 03:30
VLAI
Details
Heap buffer overflow in Metrics in Google Chrome prior to 111.0.5563.64 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-1219"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-07T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap buffer overflow in Metrics in Google Chrome prior to 111.0.5563.64 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)",
"id": "GHSA-x29m-q7qj-f3cp",
"modified": "2023-03-11T03:30:17Z",
"published": "2023-03-08T00:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1219"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2023/03/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1415328"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/171795/Chrome-base-debug-ActivityUserData-ActivityUserData-Heap-Buffer-Overflow.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X29P-MGVR-2Q2P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-08 09:30 – Updated: 2024-10-08 09:30
VLAI
Details
Out-of-bounds write in parsing h.263 format in librtppayload.so prior to SMR Oct-2024 Release 1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code with system privilege. User interaction is required for triggering this vulnerability.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-34668"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-08T07:15:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Out-of-bounds write in parsing h.263 format in librtppayload.so prior to SMR Oct-2024 Release 1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code with system privilege. User interaction is required for triggering this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-x29p-mgvr-2q2p",
"modified": "2024-10-08T09:30:52Z",
"published": "2024-10-08T09:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-34668"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate.smsb?year=2024\u0026month=10"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X2CJ-CP2C-FXVP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-19 12:30 – Updated: 2024-12-11 18:30
VLAI
Details
An attacker could have caused an out of bounds memory access using WebGL APIs, leading to memory corruption and a potentially exploitable crash.
This bug only affects Firefox and Thunderbird for macOS. Other operating systems are unaffected. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 112, Firefox ESR < 102.10, and Thunderbird < 102.10.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-29531"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-19T10:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An attacker could have caused an out of bounds memory access using WebGL APIs, leading to memory corruption and a potentially exploitable crash.\n\n*This bug only affects Firefox and\u00a0Thunderbird for macOS. Other operating systems are unaffected.* This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 112, Firefox ESR \u003c 102.10, and Thunderbird \u003c 102.10.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-x2cj-cp2c-fxvp",
"modified": "2024-12-11T18:30:35Z",
"published": "2023-06-19T12:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29531"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1794292"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-13"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-14"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-15"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X2CM-HM7M-36V4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-12 21:30 – Updated: 2023-04-12 21:30
VLAI
Details
Adobe Dimension version 3.4.8 (and earlier) is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-26372"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-12T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Dimension version 3.4.8 (and earlier) is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-x2cm-hm7m-36v4",
"modified": "2023-04-12T21:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-04-12T21:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-26372"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/dimension/apsb23-27.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X2CW-GRR7-XM95
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:19 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:19
VLAI
Details
An integer overflow in path handling lead to a use after free in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 71.0.3578.80 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-18356"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-12-11T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An integer overflow in path handling lead to a use after free in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 71.0.3578.80 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-x2cw-grr7-xm95",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:19:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:19:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-18356"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4392"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4391"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4352"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3897-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3896-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201908-18"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201904-07"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201903-04"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/02/msg00024.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/02/msg00023.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/883666"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2018/12/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1144"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0374"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0373"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3803"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-04/msg00043.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106084"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X2F5-4PRF-W687
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-23 19:48 – Updated: 2026-07-23 19:48
VLAI
Summary
Ruby json: JSON generator heap buffer overflow when streaming to an IO
Details
Summary
JSON.dump(obj, io) and JSON::State#generate(obj, io) can write past the
internal JSON generator buffer when a streamed object contains an
attacker-controlled string near 16 KB. The issue is a heap out-of-bounds write
in the IO-streaming path and is demonstrated as a reliable process crash /
denial of service.
This was triaged on HackerOne as report #3785370. The issue was confirmed there and I was asked to open it here.
Details
Root cause is in ext/json/fbuffer/fbuffer.h, fbuffer_do_inc_capa().
On the IO path, the buffer is grown to FBUFFER_IO_BUFFER_SIZE (16383), but the
early return checks total capacity instead of remaining capacity:
if (RB_UNLIKELY(fb->io)) {
if (fb->capa < FBUFFER_IO_BUFFER_SIZE) {
fbuffer_realloc(fb, FBUFFER_IO_BUFFER_SIZE);
} else {
fbuffer_flush(fb);
}
if (RB_LIKELY(requested < fb->capa)) {
return;
}
}
If fb->len already contains JSON syntax bytes, and a string flush has
16383 - fb->len <= requested < 16383, this check returns even though there is
not enough space left. fbuffer_append_reserved() then writes past the buffer:
MEMCPY(fb->ptr + fb->len, newstr, char, len);
The minimal fix is to compare against the remaining capacity:
- if (RB_LIKELY(requested < fb->capa)) {
+ if (RB_LIKELY(requested <= fb->capa - fb->len)) {
return;
}
PoC
require "json"
require "stringio"
io = StringIO.new
big = "a" * 16385
big[16382] = '"' # escapable byte near the buffer boundary
JSON.dump([big], io)
Verified results:
Ruby 4.0.5 / bundled json 2.18.0:
malloc(): invalid size (unsorted)
.../json/common.rb:956: [BUG] Aborted
ruby/ruby master c78418b7a0 / json 2.19.8 / ASan:
heap-buffer-overflow WRITE of size 16382
fbuffer_append_reserved ext/json/fbuffer/fbuffer.h:145
search_flush ext/json/generator/generator.c:139
convert_UTF8_to_JSON ext/json/generator/generator.c:231
raw_generate_json_string ext/json/generator/generator.c:922
cState_m_generate ext/json/generator/generator.c:1891
Control: the same data through JSON.dump([big]) without an IO argument returns
normally. The bug is specific to the IO-streaming path.
Impact
A remote attacker can trigger a heap out-of-bounds write if they control a
string field that an application serializes through JSON.dump(obj, io) or
JSON::State#generate(obj, io). The demonstrated impact is reliable denial of
service. I am not claiming code execution or information disclosure.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "json"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.9.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.19.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-54696"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-131",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-23T19:48:08Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-30T23:17:28Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\n`JSON.dump(obj, io)` and `JSON::State#generate(obj, io)` can write past the\ninternal JSON generator buffer when a streamed object contains an\nattacker-controlled string near 16 KB. The issue is a heap out-of-bounds write\nin the IO-streaming path and is demonstrated as a reliable process crash /\ndenial of service.\n\nThis was triaged on HackerOne as report #3785370. The issue was confirmed there\nand I was asked to open it here.\n\n### Details\n\nRoot cause is in `ext/json/fbuffer/fbuffer.h`, `fbuffer_do_inc_capa()`.\n\nOn the IO path, the buffer is grown to `FBUFFER_IO_BUFFER_SIZE` (16383), but the\nearly return checks total capacity instead of remaining capacity:\n\n```c\nif (RB_UNLIKELY(fb-\u003eio)) {\n if (fb-\u003ecapa \u003c FBUFFER_IO_BUFFER_SIZE) {\n fbuffer_realloc(fb, FBUFFER_IO_BUFFER_SIZE);\n } else {\n fbuffer_flush(fb);\n }\n\n if (RB_LIKELY(requested \u003c fb-\u003ecapa)) {\n return;\n }\n}\n```\n\nIf `fb-\u003elen` already contains JSON syntax bytes, and a string flush has\n`16383 - fb-\u003elen \u003c= requested \u003c 16383`, this check returns even though there is\nnot enough space left. `fbuffer_append_reserved()` then writes past the buffer:\n\n```c\nMEMCPY(fb-\u003eptr + fb-\u003elen, newstr, char, len);\n```\n\nThe minimal fix is to compare against the remaining capacity:\n\n```diff\n- if (RB_LIKELY(requested \u003c fb-\u003ecapa)) {\n+ if (RB_LIKELY(requested \u003c= fb-\u003ecapa - fb-\u003elen)) {\n return;\n }\n```\n\n### PoC\n\n```ruby\nrequire \"json\"\nrequire \"stringio\"\n\nio = StringIO.new\nbig = \"a\" * 16385\nbig[16382] = \u0027\"\u0027 # escapable byte near the buffer boundary\n\nJSON.dump([big], io)\n```\n\nVerified results:\n\n```text\nRuby 4.0.5 / bundled json 2.18.0:\nmalloc(): invalid size (unsorted)\n.../json/common.rb:956: [BUG] Aborted\n\nruby/ruby master c78418b7a0 / json 2.19.8 / ASan:\nheap-buffer-overflow WRITE of size 16382\n fbuffer_append_reserved ext/json/fbuffer/fbuffer.h:145\n search_flush ext/json/generator/generator.c:139\n convert_UTF8_to_JSON ext/json/generator/generator.c:231\n raw_generate_json_string ext/json/generator/generator.c:922\n cState_m_generate ext/json/generator/generator.c:1891\n```\n\nControl: the same data through `JSON.dump([big])` without an IO argument returns\nnormally. The bug is specific to the IO-streaming path.\n\n### Impact\n\nA remote attacker can trigger a heap out-of-bounds write if they control a\nstring field that an application serializes through `JSON.dump(obj, io)` or\n`JSON::State#generate(obj, io)`. The demonstrated impact is reliable denial of\nservice. I am not claiming code execution or information disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-x2f5-4prf-w687",
"modified": "2026-07-23T19:48:08Z",
"published": "2026-07-23T19:48:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ruby/json/security/advisories/GHSA-x2f5-4prf-w687"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-54696"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ruby/json/commit/996bac686d64e4e3aaeae03b14a7f9ee9695ebdb"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/ruby/json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ruby/json/releases/tag/v2.19.9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/json/CVE-2026-54696.yml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Ruby json: JSON generator heap buffer overflow when streaming to an IO"
}
GHSA-X2FC-RRVC-6JCP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-03 03:30 – Updated: 2023-01-10 18:30
VLAI
Details
Out-of-bounds write vulnerability in V-Server v4.0.12.0 and earlier allows a local attacker to obtain the information and/or execute arbitrary code by having a user to open a specially crafted project file.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-47317"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-03T03:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Out-of-bounds write vulnerability in V-Server v4.0.12.0 and earlier allows a local attacker to obtain the information and/or execute arbitrary code by having a user to open a specially crafted project file.",
"id": "GHSA-x2fc-rrvc-6jcp",
"modified": "2023-01-10T18:30:28Z",
"published": "2023-01-03T03:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-47317"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/vu/JVNVU92811888/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://monitouch.fujielectric.com/site/download-e/03tellus_inf/index.php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X2GP-C4CV-7CHC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:31 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:31
VLAI
Details
A memory corruption issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in iOS 13.6 and iPadOS 13.6, tvOS 13.4.8. An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-9907"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-16T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A memory corruption issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in iOS 13.6 and iPadOS 13.6, tvOS 13.4.8. An application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-x2gp-c4cv-7chc",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:31:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:31:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-9907"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT211288"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT211290"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2020-9907"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X2GQ-WHVP-HJ2F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:41 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:41
VLAI
Details
Acrobat Reader DC versions versions 2020.013.20074 (and earlier), 2020.001.30018 (and earlier) and 2017.011.30188 (and earlier) are affected by an Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability when parsing a crafted jpeg file. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21044"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-11T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Acrobat Reader DC versions versions 2020.013.20074 (and earlier), 2020.001.30018 (and earlier) and 2017.011.30188 (and earlier) are affected by an Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability when parsing a crafted jpeg file. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-x2gq-whvp-hj2f",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:41:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:41:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21044"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb21-09.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-X2GX-JVH6-8MGW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-21 21:31 – Updated: 2025-07-21 21:31
VLAI
Details
Luxion KeyShot 3DM File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Luxion KeyShot. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of 3DM files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-26473.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-7222"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-21T20:15:42Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Luxion KeyShot 3DM File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Luxion KeyShot. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of 3DM files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-26473.",
"id": "GHSA-x2gx-jvh6-8mgw",
"modified": "2025-07-21T21:31:38Z",
"published": "2025-07-21T21:31:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7222"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-587"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.keyshot.com/csirt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.