CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-W8P2-8XPF-2498
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-13 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-17 00:00A command injection vulnerability exists in /goform/exeCommand in Tenda W6 V1.0.0.9(4122), which allows attackers to construct cmdinput parameters for arbitrary command execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-35555"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-12T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability exists in /goform/exeCommand in Tenda W6 V1.0.0.9(4122), which allows attackers to construct cmdinput parameters for arbitrary command execution.",
"id": "GHSA-w8p2-8xpf-2498",
"modified": "2022-08-17T00:00:30Z",
"published": "2022-08-13T00:00:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35555"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ilovekeer/IOT/blob/main/Tenda/W6/Injection/exeCommand/README.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W8PF-HH42-Q6RJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-02 18:30 – Updated: 2025-03-02 18:30A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Tenda AC7 1200M 15.03.06.44. Affected is the function TendaTelnet of the file /goform/telnet. The manipulation of the argument lan_ip leads to os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1819"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-02T17:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in Tenda AC7 1200M 15.03.06.44. Affected is the function TendaTelnet of the file /goform/telnet. The manipulation of the argument lan_ip leads to os command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-w8pf-hh42-q6rj",
"modified": "2025-03-02T18:30:53Z",
"published": "2025-03-02T18:30:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1819"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Raining-101/IOT_cve/blob/main/Tenda%20a7%20V15.03.06.44%20Command%20injection.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.298092"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.298092"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.504429"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenda.com.cn"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-W8R5-25WC-2C5M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-24 21:31 – Updated: 2024-10-25 21:31A prompt injection vulnerability in the chatbox of Butterfly Effect Limited Monica Your AI Copilot powered by ChatGPT4 v6.3.0 allows attackers to access and exfiltrate all previous and subsequent chat data between the user and the AI assistant via a crafted message.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-48140"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-24T19:15:15Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A prompt injection vulnerability in the chatbox of Butterfly Effect Limited Monica Your AI Copilot powered by ChatGPT4 v6.3.0 allows attackers to access and exfiltrate all previous and subsequent chat data between the user and the AI assistant via a crafted message.",
"id": "GHSA-w8r5-25wc-2c5m",
"modified": "2024-10-25T21:31:27Z",
"published": "2024-10-24T21:31:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-48140"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/monica-your-ai-copilot-po/ofpnmcalabcbjgholdjcjblkibolbppb?hl=en"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/soursec/CVEs/tree/main/CVE-2024-48140"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W94V-HQ49-38VH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-15 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-15 21:30LangChain-ChatChat 0.3.1 contains a remote code execution vulnerability in its MCP STDIO server configuration and execution handling. A remote attacker can access the publicly exposed MCP management interface and configure an MCP STDIO server with attacker-controlled commands and arguments. When the MCP server is started and MCP is enabled for agent execution, subsequent agent activity triggers execution of arbitrary commands on the server. Successful exploitation allows arbitrary command execution within the context of the LangChain-ChatChat service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-30617"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-15T16:16:36Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "LangChain-ChatChat 0.3.1 contains a remote code execution vulnerability in its MCP STDIO server configuration and execution handling. A remote attacker can access the publicly exposed MCP management interface and configure an MCP STDIO server with attacker-controlled commands and arguments. When the MCP server is started and MCP is enabled for agent execution, subsequent agent activity triggers execution of arbitrary commands on the server. Successful exploitation allows arbitrary command execution within the context of the LangChain-ChatChat service.",
"id": "GHSA-w94v-hq49-38vh",
"modified": "2026-04-15T21:30:17Z",
"published": "2026-04-15T18:31:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-30617"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ox.security/blog/mcp-supply-chain-advisory-rce-vulnerabilities-across-the-ai-ecosystem"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W95F-296M-HVQ7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:16 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:16An issue was discovered in Zammad before 4.1.1. Command Injection can occur via custom Packages.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-42094"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-07T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Zammad before 4.1.1. Command Injection can occur via custom Packages.",
"id": "GHSA-w95f-296m-hvq7",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:16:52Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:16:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-42094"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://zammad.com/en/advisories/zaa-2021-18"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-W9HP-XMPQ-73FH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-10 03:31 – Updated: 2026-04-10 03:31A weakness has been identified in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Impacted is the function setMiniuiHomeInfoShow of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument lan_info can lead to os command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5995"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-10T01:16:42Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A weakness has been identified in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Impacted is the function setMiniuiHomeInfoShow of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument lan_info can lead to os command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-w9hp-xmpq-73fh",
"modified": "2026-04-10T03:31:09Z",
"published": "2026-04-10T03:31:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5995"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Litengzheng/vuldb_new/blob/main/A7100RU/vul_167/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/792043"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/356549"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/356549/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-W9JR-WH7W-MH6J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-06 12:30 – Updated: 2026-05-06 12:30HCL BigFix RunBookAI is affected by a Unvalidated Command Input / Potential Command Smuggling vulnerability. A flaw in a component's input handling was identified that could permit unauthorized command execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-31951"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-06T12:16:26Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "HCL BigFix RunBookAI is affected by a Unvalidated Command Input / Potential Command Smuggling vulnerability. A flaw in a component\u0027s input handling was identified that could permit unauthorized command execution.",
"id": "GHSA-w9jr-wh7w-mh6j",
"modified": "2026-05-06T12:30:28Z",
"published": "2026-05-06T12:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31951"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hcl-software.com/csm?id=kb_article\u0026sysparm_article=KB0130444"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W9MX-XMG4-GC4R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-09 20:52 – Updated: 2026-07-09 20:52Summary
A crafted backup archive can trigger OS command injection during database restore. The restore workflow extracts a ZIP archive, enumerates files under db-dumps, converts the dump path to an absolute path, and passes that path into database import commands that are built as shell command strings.
The dump filename is not shell-escaped before it is interpolated into commands such as:
mysql ... < {dumpFile}gunzip -c {dumpFile}/gunzip < {dumpFile}psql ... < {dumpFile}sqlite3 ... < {dumpFile}
Because Illuminate\Support\Facades\Process::run(string) uses Symfony Process::fromShellCommandline(), shell metacharacters in the dump filename are interpreted by /bin/sh on Unix-like systems or by the platform shell on Windows.
Impact
If an attacker can cause an operator or automation to restore a malicious backup archive, the attacker can execute arbitrary shell commands as the PHP/Laravel application user on the system performing the restore. This can lead to application compromise, database credential disclosure, tampering with restored data, and further lateral movement depending on deployment permissions.
This is not about malicious SQL inside the dump. The command injection is carried in the ZIP entry filename under db-dumps, before the dump content is imported.
Patches
The vulnerability has been fixed in v1.9.4 of the package.
Workarounds
There is no configuration option that disables the vulnerable code path. Upgrading to the patched release is the only complete fix.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.9.3"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "wnx/laravel-backup-restore"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.9.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-53932"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-09T20:52:57Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Summary\nA crafted backup archive can trigger OS command injection during database restore. The restore workflow extracts a ZIP archive, enumerates files under `db-dumps`, converts the dump path to an absolute path, and passes that path into database import commands that are built as shell command strings.\n\nThe dump filename is not shell-escaped before it is interpolated into commands such as:\n\n- `mysql ... \u003c {dumpFile}`\n- `gunzip -c {dumpFile}` / `gunzip \u003c {dumpFile}`\n- `psql ... \u003c {dumpFile}`\n- `sqlite3 ... \u003c {dumpFile}`\n\nBecause `Illuminate\\Support\\Facades\\Process::run(string)` uses Symfony `Process::fromShellCommandline()`, shell metacharacters in the dump filename are interpreted by `/bin/sh` on Unix-like systems or by the platform shell on Windows.\n\n### Impact\nIf an attacker can cause an operator or automation to restore a malicious backup archive, the attacker can execute arbitrary shell commands as the PHP/Laravel application user on the system performing the restore. This can lead to application compromise, database credential disclosure, tampering with restored data, and further lateral movement depending on deployment permissions.\n\nThis is not about malicious SQL inside the dump. The command injection is carried in the ZIP entry filename under `db-dumps`, before the dump content is imported.\n\n### Patches\nThe vulnerability has been fixed in v1.9.4 of the package.\n\n### Workarounds\nThere is no configuration option that disables the vulnerable code path. Upgrading to the patched release is the only complete fix.",
"id": "GHSA-w9mx-xmg4-gc4r",
"modified": "2026-07-09T20:52:57Z",
"published": "2026-07-09T20:52:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/stefanzweifel/laravel-backup-restore/security/advisories/GHSA-w9mx-xmg4-gc4r"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/stefanzweifel/laravel-backup-restore"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "laravel-backup-restore has an OS Command Injection during database restore"
}
GHSA-W9Q8-M9V3-7JV2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:54 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:54Unquoted executable path vulnerability in Client Management and Gateway components in McAfee (now Intel Security) ePO Deep Command (eDC) 2.2 and 2.1 allows authenticated users to execute a command of their choice via dropping a malicious file for the path.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-8988"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-03-14T22:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Unquoted executable path vulnerability in Client Management and Gateway components in McAfee (now Intel Security) ePO Deep Command (eDC) 2.2 and 2.1 allows authenticated users to execute a command of their choice via dropping a malicious file for the path.",
"id": "GHSA-w9q8-m9v3-7jv2",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:54:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:54:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-8988"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content\u0026id=SB10115"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W9RV-XMF7-X3GH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-30 12:30 – Updated: 2025-04-11 23:13Diagnosis Controller miss parameter validation, so user may attacked by command injection via HTTP Request.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.kylin:kylin-server-base"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.0.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-44621"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-03T12:34:35Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-30T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Diagnosis Controller miss parameter validation, so user may attacked by command injection via HTTP Request.",
"id": "GHSA-w9rv-xmf7-x3gh",
"modified": "2025-04-11T23:13:52Z",
"published": "2022-12-30T12:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-44621"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/kylin/pull/2011"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/kylin/pull/2011/commits/418a63c61379d429312972fc94b87994e06b664f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/kylin/commit/fd2977e21c51f1afed668f2d9713cf562f2dc42d"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/kylin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/7ctchj24dofgsj9g1rg1245cms9myb34"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Kylin vulnerable to Command injection by Diagnosis Controller"
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.