CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5426 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-FRPX-7CH7-XGWH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-19 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-26 00:00Tenda AC9 v15.03.2.21 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the vlanid parameter in the SetIPTVCfg function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25441"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-18T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda AC9 v15.03.2.21 was discovered to contain a remote command execution (RCE) vulnerability via the vlanid parameter in the SetIPTVCfg function.",
"id": "GHSA-frpx-7ch7-xgwh",
"modified": "2022-03-26T00:00:41Z",
"published": "2022-03-19T00:00:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25441"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/EPhaha/IOT_vuln/tree/main/Tenda/AC9/12"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FRQG-7G38-6GCF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-10-05 20:23 – Updated: 2021-10-11 18:39Impact
Windows users running Composer to install untrusted dependencies are affected and should definitely upgrade for safety. Other OSs and WSL are not affected.
Patches
1.10.23 and 2.1.9 fix the issue
Workarounds
None
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "composer/composer"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.10.23"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "composer/composer"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0-alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-41116"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-10-05T18:44:04Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-05T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nWindows users running Composer to install untrusted dependencies are affected and should definitely upgrade for safety. Other OSs and WSL are not affected. \n\n### Patches\n1.10.23 and 2.1.9 fix the issue\n\n### Workarounds\nNone\n",
"id": "GHSA-frqg-7g38-6gcf",
"modified": "2021-10-11T18:39:06Z",
"published": "2021-10-05T20:23:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/composer/composer/security/advisories/GHSA-frqg-7g38-6gcf"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-41116"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/composer/composer/commit/ca5e2f8d505fd3bfac6f7c85b82f2740becbc0aa"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/composer/composer/CVE-2021-41116.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/composer/composer"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sonarsource.com/blog/securing-developer-tools-package-managers"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2022-09"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Improper escaping of command arguments on Windows leading to command injection"
}
GHSA-FRQQ-9J8V-CW7M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-17 03:31 – Updated: 2025-02-17 03:31A vulnerability classified as critical was found in MicroWord eScan Antivirus 7.0.32 on Linux. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the component USB Password Handler. The manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack needs to be approached locally. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1369"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-17T02:15:08Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical was found in MicroWord eScan Antivirus 7.0.32 on Linux. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the component USB Password Handler. The manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack needs to be approached locally. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-frqq-9j8v-cw7m",
"modified": "2025-02-17T03:31:11Z",
"published": "2025-02-17T03:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1369"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dmknght/FIS_RnD/blob/main/escan_av_usb_protection_multiple_vulns.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.295975"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.295975"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.496482"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-FRRX-WMGX-653X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-25 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-01 00:00D-Link DIR-816 A2 1.10 B05 allows unauthenticated attackers to arbitrarily reset the device via a crafted tokenid parameter to /goform/form2Reboot.cgi.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-31326"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-24T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "D-Link DIR-816 A2 1.10 B05 allows unauthenticated attackers to arbitrarily reset the device via a crafted tokenid parameter to /goform/form2Reboot.cgi.",
"id": "GHSA-frrx-wmgx-653x",
"modified": "2022-04-01T00:00:56Z",
"published": "2022-03-25T00:00:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31326"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/GD008/vuln/blob/main/DIR-816_reset.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/announcement/publication.aspx?name=SAP10240"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FRVP-FPH6-68P5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-26 03:30 – Updated: 2024-10-03 03:31An arbitrary file creation vulnerability exists in PaperCut NG/MF that only affects Windows servers with Web Print enabled. This specific flaw exists within the web-print.exe process, which can incorrectly create files that don’t exist when a maliciously formed payload is provided. This can be used to flood disk space and result in a Denial of Service (DoS) attack.
Note:
This CVE has been split from CVE-2024-4712.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-8405"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-26T02:15:03Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An arbitrary file creation vulnerability exists in PaperCut NG/MF that only affects Windows servers with Web Print enabled. This specific flaw exists within the web-print.exe process, which can incorrectly create files that don\u2019t exist when a maliciously formed payload is provided. This can be used to flood disk space and result in a Denial of Service (DoS) attack.\n\nNote: \n\nThis CVE has been split from CVE-2024-4712.",
"id": "GHSA-frvp-fph6-68p5",
"modified": "2024-10-03T03:31:10Z",
"published": "2024-09-26T03:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8405"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.papercut.com/kb/Main/Security-Bulletin-May-2024"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FRXW-CC6C-JG2M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-21 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-22 00:00Vulnerabilities in the ClearPass Policy Manager web-based management interface allow remote authenticated users to run arbitrary commands on the underlying host. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root on the underlying operating system leading to complete system compromise in Aruba ClearPass Policy Manager version(s): 6.10.x: 6.10.6 and below; 6.9.x: 6.9.11 and below. Aruba has released upgrades for Aruba ClearPass Policy Manager that address these security vulnerabilities.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-37881"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-20T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerabilities in the ClearPass Policy Manager web-based management interface allow remote authenticated users to run arbitrary commands on the underlying host. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root on the underlying operating system leading to complete system compromise in Aruba ClearPass Policy Manager version(s): 6.10.x: 6.10.6 and below; 6.9.x: 6.9.11 and below. Aruba has released upgrades for Aruba ClearPass Policy Manager that address these security vulnerabilities.",
"id": "GHSA-frxw-cc6c-jg2m",
"modified": "2022-09-22T00:00:21Z",
"published": "2022-09-21T00:00:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-37881"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2022-013.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FV2Q-3G76-R9CG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-09 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-09 18:30A vulnerability has been identified in RUGGEDCOM ROX II family (All versions < V2.17.0). During the Dynamic DNS configuration of the affected product it is possible to inject additional configuration parameters. Under certain circumstances, an attacker could leverage this vulnerability to spawn a reverse shell and gain root access on the affected system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-56836"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-09T16:17:28Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in RUGGEDCOM ROX II family (All versions \u003c V2.17.0). During the Dynamic DNS configuration of the affected product it is possible to inject additional configuration parameters. Under certain circumstances, an attacker could leverage this vulnerability to spawn a reverse shell and gain root access on the affected system.",
"id": "GHSA-fv2q-3g76-r9cg",
"modified": "2025-12-09T18:30:34Z",
"published": "2025-12-09T18:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-56836"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-912274.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-FV43-XXV4-V4X9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-01 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-03 00:00D-Link DIR-816 A2_v1.10CNB04.img is vulnerable to Command Injection via /goform/SystemCommand. After the user passes in the command parameter, it will be spliced into byte_4836B0 by snprintf, and finally doSystem(&byte_4836B0); will be executed, resulting in a command injection.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-37129"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-31T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "D-Link DIR-816 A2_v1.10CNB04.img is vulnerable to Command Injection via /goform/SystemCommand. After the user passes in the command parameter, it will be spliced into byte_4836B0 by snprintf, and finally doSystem(\u0026byte_4836B0); will be executed, resulting in a command injection.",
"id": "GHSA-fv43-xxv4-v4x9",
"modified": "2022-09-03T00:00:15Z",
"published": "2022-09-01T00:00:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-37129"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/z1r00/IOT_Vul/blob/main/dlink/Dir816/SystemCommand/readme.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FV46-7JP9-M2P3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-15 15:30 – Updated: 2025-04-15 21:31Edimax AC1200 Wave 2 Dual-Band Gigabit Router BR-6478AC V3 1.0.15 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via partition in /boafrm/formDiskFormat.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-28145"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-15T15:16:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Edimax AC1200 Wave 2 Dual-Band Gigabit Router BR-6478AC V3 1.0.15 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via partition in /boafrm/formDiskFormat.",
"id": "GHSA-fv46-7jp9-m2p3",
"modified": "2025-04-15T21:31:42Z",
"published": "2025-04-15T15:30:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-28145"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/regainer27/cee49ede0f576447cc4b1bb078e7a981"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/regainer27/edimax-br-6478ac_v3-br-6478ac_v3_1.0.15/tree/main/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FV52-M5W8-2242
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-30 15:30 – Updated: 2024-10-30 21:30In Draytek Vigor3900 1.5.1.3, attackers can inject malicious commands into mainfunction.cgi and execute arbitrary commands by calling the ldap_search_dn function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-51304"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-30T13:15:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Draytek Vigor3900 1.5.1.3, attackers can inject malicious commands into mainfunction.cgi and execute arbitrary commands by calling the ldap_search_dn function.",
"id": "GHSA-fv52-m5w8-2242",
"modified": "2024-10-30T21:30:39Z",
"published": "2024-10-30T15:30:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-51304"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fu37kola/cve/blob/main/DrayTek/Vigor3900/1.5.1.3/DrayTek_Vigor_3900_1.5.1.3.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.