CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5416 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-63Q7-PP7P-QQQ3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-08 03:30 – Updated: 2024-01-08 03:30A vulnerability was found in Totolink LR1200GB 9.1.0u.6619_B20230130. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects the function UploadFirmwareFile of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument FileName leads to command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-249857 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0291"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-08T01:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Totolink LR1200GB 9.1.0u.6619_B20230130. It has been rated as critical. This issue affects the function UploadFirmwareFile of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi. The manipulation of the argument FileName leads to command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-249857 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-63q7-pp7p-qqq3",
"modified": "2024-01-08T03:30:32Z",
"published": "2024-01-08T03:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0291"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jylsec/vuldb/blob/main/TOTOLINK/LR1200GB/UploadFirmwareFile/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.249857"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.249857"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-63RF-V26V-M497
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-05 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01Foxit PDF Reader and PDF Editor before 11.1 on macOS allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via app.launchURL in the JavaScript API.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45979"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-04T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Foxit PDF Reader and PDF Editor before 11.1 on macOS allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via app.launchURL in the JavaScript API.",
"id": "GHSA-63rf-v26v-m497",
"modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:51Z",
"published": "2022-01-05T00:00:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45979"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dlehgus1023"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dlehgus1023/CVE/tree/master/CVE-2021-45979"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.foxit.com/support/security-bulletins.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-63VQ-6399-H95W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:46 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:45Computrols CBAS 18.0.0 allows Authenticated Command Injection.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10854"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-05-23T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Computrols CBAS 18.0.0 allows Authenticated Command Injection.",
"id": "GHSA-63vq-6399-h95w",
"modified": "2024-04-04T00:45:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:46:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10854"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://applied-risk.com/index.php/download_file/view/196/165"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://applied-risk.com/labs/advisories"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-643P-43M5-CQGX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-05 09:30 – Updated: 2023-01-11 18:30Vulnerabilities in the ClearPass Policy Manager web-based management interface allow remote authenticated users to run arbitrary commands on the underlying host. Successful exploits could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root on the underlying operating system leading to complete system compromise in Aruba ClearPass Policy Manager version(s): ClearPass Policy Manager 6.10.x: 6.10.7 and below and ClearPass Policy Manager 6.9.x: 6.9.12 and below.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-43538"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-05T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerabilities in the ClearPass Policy Manager web-based management interface allow remote authenticated users to run arbitrary commands on the underlying host. Successful exploits could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root on the underlying operating system leading to complete system compromise in Aruba ClearPass Policy Manager version(s): ClearPass Policy Manager 6.10.x: 6.10.7 and below and ClearPass Policy Manager 6.9.x: 6.9.12 and below.",
"id": "GHSA-643p-43m5-cqgx",
"modified": "2023-01-11T18:30:30Z",
"published": "2023-01-05T09:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-43538"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2022-020.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-644P-7Q3W-636G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-13 12:34 – Updated: 2026-07-13 12:34The network diagnosis endpoint on the web server at port 8090 is vulnerable to command injection.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-22095"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-13T10:16:27Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The network diagnosis endpoint on the web server at port 8090 is vulnerable to command injection.",
"id": "GHSA-644p-7q3w-636g",
"modified": "2026-07-13T12:34:59Z",
"published": "2026-07-13T12:34:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22095"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://csirt.divd.nl/DIVD-2026-00001"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6469-MCFF-F6M6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-13 00:30 – Updated: 2026-04-13 00:30A vulnerability was determined in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Affected by this issue is the function setLedCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. This manipulation of the argument enable causes os command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-6132"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-12T23:16:25Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was determined in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Affected by this issue is the function setLedCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. This manipulation of the argument enable causes os command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.",
"id": "GHSA-6469-mcff-f6m6",
"modified": "2026-04-13T00:30:28Z",
"published": "2026-04-13T00:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-6132"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Litengzheng/vuldb_new/blob/main/A7100RU/vul_183/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/792252"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/356996"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/356996/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6485-HPMH-6Q3R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-25 21:32 – Updated: 2024-01-25 21:32SystemK NVR 504/508/516 versions 2.3.5SK.30084998 and prior are vulnerable to a command injection vulnerability in the dynamic domain name system (DDNS) settings that could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-7227"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-25T19:15:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "\nSystemK NVR 504/508/516 versions 2.3.5SK.30084998 and prior are vulnerable to a command injection vulnerability in the dynamic domain name system (DDNS) settings that could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands with root privileges.\n\n\n\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-6485-hpmh-6q3r",
"modified": "2024-01-25T21:32:14Z",
"published": "2024-01-25T21:32:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-7227"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-24-025-02"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-64CC-4FC3-52M3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-24 00:32 – Updated: 2026-07-24 00:32A vulnerability was identified in localstack serverless-localstack up to 1.4.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file src/index.js of the component Configuration Handler. The manipulation of the argument custom.localstack.docker.compose_file leads to os command injection. An attack has to be approached locally. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-16763"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-23T22:16:51Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was identified in localstack serverless-localstack up to 1.4.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file src/index.js of the component Configuration Handler. The manipulation of the argument custom.localstack.docker.compose_file leads to os command injection. An attack has to be approached locally. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.",
"id": "GHSA-64cc-4fc3-52m3",
"modified": "2026-07-24T00:32:33Z",
"published": "2026-07-24T00:32:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-16763"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/localstack/serverless-localstack/issues/303"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/localstack/serverless-localstack"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-16763"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/861028"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/382620"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/382620/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-64FP-48CJ-FFVX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-02 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-02 18:31A vulnerability has been found in Trendnet TEW-657BRM 1.00.1. Affected by this issue is the function vpn_drop of the file /setup.cgi. The manipulation of the argument policy_name leads to os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor confirms, that "[t]he product in question (...) has been discontinued and end of life since June 23, 2011, that is more than 14 years ago. We no longer provide support for this product, so we are not able to confirm the vulnerabilities. We will make an announcement on our website's product support page and notify customers who registered their products with us." This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5355"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-02T17:16:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in Trendnet TEW-657BRM 1.00.1. Affected by this issue is the function vpn_drop of the file /setup.cgi. The manipulation of the argument policy_name leads to os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor confirms, that \"[t]he product in question (...) has been discontinued and end of life since June 23, 2011, that is more than 14 years ago. We no longer provide support for this product, so we are not able to confirm the vulnerabilities. We will make an announcement on our website\u0027s product support page and notify customers who registered their products with us.\" This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-64fp-48cj-ffvx",
"modified": "2026-04-02T18:31:38Z",
"published": "2026-04-02T18:31:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5355"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/panda666-888/vuls/blob/main/trendnet/tew-657brm/vpn_drop.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/781569"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/354708"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/354708/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-64FW-JX9P-5J24
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-10 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35An improper neutralization of special elements vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that allowed an attacker with push access to a repository to achieve remote code execution on the instance. During a git push operation, user-supplied push option values were not properly sanitized before being included in internal service headers. Because the internal header format used a delimiter character that could also appear in user input, an attacker could inject additional metadata fields through crafted push option values. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program and has been fixed in GitHub Enterprise Server versions 3.14.24, 3.15.19, 3.16.15, 3.17.12, 3.18.6 and 3.19.3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-3854"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-10T18:19:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An improper neutralization of special elements vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that allowed an attacker with push access to a repository to achieve remote code execution on the instance. During a git push operation, user-supplied push option values were not properly sanitized before being included in internal service headers. Because the internal header format used a delimiter character that could also appear in user input, an attacker could inject additional metadata fields through crafted push option values. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program and has been fixed in GitHub Enterprise Server versions 3.14.24, 3.15.19, 3.16.15, 3.17.12, 3.18.6 and 3.19.3.",
"id": "GHSA-64fw-jx9p-5j24",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:57Z",
"published": "2026-03-10T18:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3854"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.14/admin/release-notes#3.14.24"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.14/admin/release-notes#3.14.25"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.15/admin/release-notes#3.15.19"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.15/admin/release-notes#3.15.20"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.16/admin/release-notes#3.16.15"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.16/admin/release-notes#3.16.16"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.17/admin/release-notes#3.17.12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.17/admin/release-notes#3.17.13"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.18/admin/release-notes#3.18.6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.18/admin/release-notes#3.18.7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.19/admin/release-notes#3.19.3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.19/admin/release-notes#3.19.4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wiz.io/blog/github-rce-vulnerability-cve-2026-3854"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.