Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5411 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2019-1608 (GCVE-0-2019-1608)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2019-03-08 20:00 – Updated: 2024-11-21 19:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco NX-OS Software CLI Command Injection Vulnerability (CVE-2019-1608)
Summary
A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco NX-OS Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system of an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of arguments passed to certain CLI commands. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by including malicious input as the argument of an affected command. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system with elevated privileges. An attacker would need valid administrator credentials to exploit this vulnerability. MDS 9000 Series Multilayer Switches are affected in versions prior to 6.2(27), 8.1(1b), and 8.3(1). Nexus 7000 and 7700 Series Switches are affected in versions prior to 6.2(22), 7.3(3)D1(1), and 8.2(3).
Severity
4.2 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/107386 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BID |
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | MDS 9000 Series Multilayer Switches |
Affected:
unspecified , < 6.2(27)
(custom)
Affected: unspecified , < 8.1(1b) (custom) Affected: unspecified , < 8.3(1) (custom) |
|
| Cisco | Nexus 7000 and 7700 Series Switches |
Affected:
unspecified , < 6.2(22)
(custom)
Affected: unspecified , < 7.3(3)D1(1) (custom) Affected: unspecified , < 8.2(3) (custom) |
Date Public
2019-03-06 00:00
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CVE-2019-1607 (GCVE-0-2019-1607)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2019-03-08 20:00 – Updated: 2024-11-21 19:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco NX-OS Software CLI Command Injection Vulnerability (CVE-2019-1607)
Summary
A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco NX-OS Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system of an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of arguments passed to certain CLI commands. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by including malicious input as the argument of an affected command. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system with elevated privileges. An attacker would need valid administrator credentials to exploit this vulnerability. Nexus 7000 and 7700 Series Switches are affected in versions prior to 6.2(22), 7.3(3)D1(1), and 8.2(3).
Severity
4.2 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/107393 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BID |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Nexus 7000 and 7700 Series Switches |
Affected:
unspecified , < 6.2(22)
(custom)
Affected: unspecified , < 7.3(3)D1(1) (custom) Affected: unspecified , < 8.2(3) (custom) |
Date Public
2019-03-06 00:00
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CVE-2019-1606 (GCVE-0-2019-1606)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2019-03-08 20:00 – Updated: 2024-11-21 19:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco NX-OS Software CLI Command Injection Vulnerability (CVE-2019-1606)
Summary
A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco NX-OS Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system of an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of arguments passed to certain CLI commands. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by including malicious input as the argument of an affected command. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system with elevated privileges. An attacker would need valid user credentials to exploit this vulnerability. Nexus 3000, 3500, and Nexus 9000 Series Switches in Standalone NX-OS Mode are affected in versions prior to 7.0(3)I7(4).
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO |
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/107345 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BID |
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Nexus 9000 Series Switches in Standalone NX-OS Mode |
Affected:
unspecified , < 7.0(3)I7(4)
(custom)
|
|
| Cisco | Nexus 3000 Series Switches |
Affected:
unspecified , < 7.0(3)I7(4)
(custom)
|
|
| Cisco | Nexus 3500 Platform Switches |
Affected:
unspecified , < 7.0(3)I7(4)
(custom)
|
Date Public
2019-03-06 00:00
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CVE-2018-19950 (GCVE-0-2018-19950)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-11-02 15:57 – Updated: 2024-09-17 02:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
If exploited, this command injection vulnerability could allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands. This issue affects: QNAP Systems Inc. Music Station versions prior to 5.1.13; versions prior to 5.2.9; versions prior to 5.3.11.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-20-10 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | Music Station |
Affected:
unspecified , < 5.1.13
(custom)
Affected: unspecified , < 5.2.9 (custom) Affected: unspecified , < 5.3.11 (custom) |
Date Public
2020-10-30 00:00
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CVE-2018-19949 (GCVE-0-2018-19949)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-10-28 17:55 – Updated: 2025-10-21 23:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
If exploited, this command injection vulnerability could allow remote attackers to run arbitrary commands. QNAP has already fixed the issue in the following QTS versions. QTS 4.4.2.1231 on build 20200302; QTS 4.4.1.1201 on build 20200130; QTS 4.3.6.1218 on build 20200214; QTS 4.3.4.1190 on build 20200107; QTS 4.3.3.1161 on build 20200109; QTS 4.2.6 on build 20200109.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.qnap.com/zh-tw/security-advisory/qsa-20-01 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilit… | government-resource |
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QTS |
Affected:
unspecified , < 4.4.2.1231
(custom)
|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QTS |
Affected:
unspecified , < 4.4.1.1201
(custom)
|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QTS |
Affected:
unspecified , < 4.3.6.1218
(custom)
|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QTS |
Affected:
unspecified , < 4.3.4.1190
(custom)
|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QTS |
Affected:
unspecified , < 4.3.3.1161
(custom)
Affected: unspecified , < 4.2.6 (custom) |
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CVE-2018-19015 (GCVE-0-2018-19015)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2019-01-28 19:00 – Updated: 2024-09-16 17:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An attacker could inject commands to launch programs and create, write, and read files on CX-Supervisor (Versions 3.42 and prior) through a specially crafted project file. An attacker could exploit this to execute code under the privileges of the application.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-77 - IMPROPER NEUTRALIZATION OF SPECIAL ELEMENTS USED IN A COMMAND ('COMMAND INJECTION') CWE-77
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106654 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BID |
| https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-19-017-01 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ICS-CERT | CX-Supervisor |
Affected:
Versions 3.42 and prior
|
Date Public
2019-01-17 00:00
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CVE-2018-19013 (GCVE-0-2018-19013)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2019-01-22 20:00 – Updated: 2024-09-16 19:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An attacker could inject commands to delete files and/or delete the contents of a file on CX-Supervisor (Versions 3.42 and prior) through a specially crafted project file.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-77 - IMPROPER NEUTRALIZATION OF SPECIAL ELEMENTS USED IN A COMMAND ('COMMAND INJECTION') CWE-77
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106654 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BID |
| https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-19-017-01 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ICS-CERT | CX-Supervisor |
Affected:
Versions 3.42 and prior
|
Date Public
2019-01-17 00:00
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CVE-2018-16462 (GCVE-0-2018-16462)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-10-30 21:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 10:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A command injection vulnerability in the apex-publish-static-files npm module version <2.0.1 which allows arbitrary shell command execution through a maliciously crafted argument.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-77 - Command Injection - Generic (CWE-77)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://hackerone.com/reports/405694 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | apex-publish-static-files |
Affected:
2.0.1
|
Date Public
2018-10-30 00:00
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CVE-2018-16461 (GCVE-0-2018-16461)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-10-30 21:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 10:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A command injection vulnerability in libnmapp package for versions <0.4.16 allows arbitrary commands to be executed via arguments to the range options.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-77 - Command Injection - Generic (CWE-77)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://hackerone.com/reports/390865 | x_refsource_MISC |
Date Public
2018-10-30 00:00
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CVE-2018-16460 (GCVE-0-2018-16460)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-09-07 19:00 – Updated: 2024-09-17 02:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A command Injection in ps package versions <1.0.0 for Node.js allowed arbitrary commands to be executed when attacker controls the PID.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-77 - Command Injection - Generic (CWE-77)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://hackerone.com/reports/390848 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| https://github.com/UmbraEngineering | ps |
Affected:
1.0.0
|
Date Public
2018-09-07 00:00
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}
]
}
}
]
},
"vendor_name": "https://github.com/UmbraEngineering"
}
]
}
},
"data_format": "MITRE",
"data_type": "CVE",
"data_version": "4.0",
"description": {
"description_data": [
{
"lang": "eng",
"value": "A command Injection in ps package versions \u003c1.0.0 for Node.js allowed arbitrary commands to be executed when attacker controls the PID."
}
]
},
"problemtype": {
"problemtype_data": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "eng",
"value": "Command Injection - Generic (CWE-77)"
}
]
}
]
},
"references": {
"reference_data": [
{
"name": "https://hackerone.com/reports/390848",
"refsource": "MISC",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/390848"
}
]
}
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "36234546-b8fa-4601-9d6f-f4e334aa8ea1",
"assignerShortName": "hackerone",
"cveId": "CVE-2018-16460",
"datePublished": "2018-09-07T19:00:00.000Z",
"dateReserved": "2018-09-04T00:00:00.000Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-09-17T02:42:51.207Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
Implementation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Operation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.