CWE-693
DiscouragedProtection Mechanism Failure
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Draft
The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.
1287 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-93JV-57JG-994C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-03 21:31An authentication bypass vulnerability in the authorization mechanism of Weintek cMT-3072XH2 easyweb v2.1.53, OS v20231011 allows unauthorized attackers to perform Administrative actions using service accounts.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-55024"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-03T20:16:41Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An authentication bypass vulnerability in the authorization mechanism of Weintek cMT-3072XH2 easyweb v2.1.53, OS v20231011 allows unauthorized attackers to perform Administrative actions using service accounts.",
"id": "GHSA-93jv-57jg-994c",
"modified": "2026-03-03T21:31:15Z",
"published": "2026-03-03T21:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-55024"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/AenganZ/f86ed0da28825a1432ec697f484622de"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plain-trick-71d.notion.site/weintek-cMT-3072XH2-14687a89c4c181eeb21ad61e0392f34b?pvs=4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-93X2-246X-H3JH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-19 15:31 – Updated: 2026-05-20 18:31Mitigation bypass in the DOM: Security component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 151 and Firefox ESR 140.11.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-8962"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-19T14:16:52Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Mitigation bypass in the DOM: Security component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 151 and Firefox ESR 140.11.",
"id": "GHSA-93x2-246x-h3jh",
"modified": "2026-05-20T18:31:33Z",
"published": "2026-05-19T15:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-8962"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2004804"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-46"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-48"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-50"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-51"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9538-79J2-H62H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-17 15:32 – Updated: 2026-09-17 15:32vm2 before 3.11.8 does not fully enforce the allowAsync: false option in VM and NodeVM. While localPromise.prototype.then is replaced with a handler that throws 'Async not available', the sandbox's Promise static methods (Promise.resolve, Promise.all, Promise.race, Promise.any, and Promise.allSettled) still assimilate attacker-supplied thenables: native promise resolution performs PromiseResolveThenableJob and invokes the sandboxed code's then method in a microtask without passing through the patched then, so the async restriction is never applied. As a result, sandboxed script can schedule work that runs after VM.run() or NodeVM.run() has returned and outside the configured timeout, continuing to execute after the host believes execution is complete.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-92959"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-17T14:18:02Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "vm2 before 3.11.8 does not fully enforce the allowAsync: false option in VM and NodeVM. While localPromise.prototype.then is replaced with a handler that throws \u0027Async not available\u0027, the sandbox\u0027s Promise static methods (Promise.resolve, Promise.all, Promise.race, Promise.any, and Promise.allSettled) still assimilate attacker-supplied thenables: native promise resolution performs PromiseResolveThenableJob and invokes the sandboxed code\u0027s then method in a microtask without passing through the patched then, so the async restriction is never applied. As a result, sandboxed script can schedule work that runs after VM.run() or NodeVM.run() has returned and outside the configured timeout, continuing to execute after the host believes execution is complete.",
"id": "GHSA-9538-79j2-h62h",
"modified": "2026-09-17T15:32:16Z",
"published": "2026-09-17T15:32:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-f8gf-w286-fmq2"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-92959"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vm2-before-3.11.8-allowasync-bypass-via-promise-thenable"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-9672-4GH4-FX53
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-14 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-17 18:31A logic issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27, macOS Sequoia 15.8, macOS Tahoe 26.7. An app may be able to break out of its sandbox.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-84578"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-14T21:17:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A logic issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27, macOS Sequoia 15.8, macOS Tahoe 26.7. An app may be able to break out of its sandbox.",
"id": "GHSA-9672-4gh4-fx53",
"modified": "2026-09-17T18:31:34Z",
"published": "2026-09-14T21:31:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-84578"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/149035"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/149042"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/149043"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9684-7R2W-MM28
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-14 21:31 – Updated: 2023-11-14 21:31Protection mechanism failure in some Intel(R) Distribution of OpenVINO toolkit software before version 2023.0.0 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable information disclosure via local access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-25080"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-14T19:15:19Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Protection mechanism failure in some Intel(R) Distribution of OpenVINO toolkit software before version 2023.0.0 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable information disclosure via local access.",
"id": "GHSA-9684-7r2w-mm28",
"modified": "2023-11-14T21:31:01Z",
"published": "2023-11-14T21:31:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25080"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00901.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-96JJ-4FVR-7H9P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 21:32 – Updated: 2026-07-24 21:32An issue in ZipGenius Team ZipGenius v.6.3.2.3116 and before allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code via the zipgenius.exe.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-50330"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-22T21:17:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue in ZipGenius Team ZipGenius v.6.3.2.3116 and before allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code via the zipgenius.exe.",
"id": "GHSA-96jj-4fvr-7h9p",
"modified": "2026-07-24T21:32:21Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T21:32:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-50330"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/OV-0-VO/Public-references/blob/main/CVE-2025-50330.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://zipgenius.it/en/downloads-2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-97C2-3M3X-47GQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-12 15:30 – Updated: 2026-08-13 18:31CPSD CryptoPro Secure Disk for Bitlocker before v7.7.4 fails to enforce IMA policy protections across temporary file systems, allowing for unsigned code to be executed from these locations.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59326"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-12T14:17:46Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "CPSD CryptoPro Secure Disk for Bitlocker before v7.7.4 fails to enforce IMA policy protections across temporary file systems, allowing for unsigned code to be executed from these locations.",
"id": "GHSA-97c2-3m3x-47gq",
"modified": "2026-08-13T18:31:23Z",
"published": "2026-08-12T15:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59326"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://i.blackhat.com/BH-USA-26/Presentations/US-26-Burch-The-Cost-of-Obscurity-Wednesday.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://i.blackhat.com/BH-USA-26/Presentations/US-26-Burch-The-Cost-of-Obscurity-wp.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cpsd.at/blog"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-97C3-W9CR-6QC2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:19 – Updated: 2022-12-16 20:32The agent-to-controller security subsystem limits which files on the Jenkins controller can be accessed by agent processes.
Multiple vulnerabilities in the file path filtering implementation of Jenkins 2.318 and earlier, LTS 2.303.2 and earlier allow agent processes to read and write arbitrary files on the Jenkins controller file system, and obtain some information about Jenkins controller file systems.
SECURITY-2486 / CVE-2021-21690: Agent processes are able to completely bypass file path filtering by wrapping the file operation in an agent file path.
We expect that most of these vulnerabilities have been present since SECURITY-144 was addressed in the 2014-10-30 security advisory.
Jenkins 2.319, LTS 2.303.3 addresses these security vulnerabilities.
SECURITY-2486 / CVE-2021-21690: Agent processes are no longer able to completely bypass file path filtering by wrapping the file operation in an agent file path.
As some common operations are now newly subject to access control, it is expected that plugins sending commands from agents to the controller may start failing. Additionally, the newly introduced path canonicalization means that instances using a custom builds directory (Java system property jenkins.model.Jenkins.buildsDir) or partitioning JENKINS_HOME using symbolic links may fail access control checks. See the documentation for how to customize the configuration in case of problems.
If you are unable to immediately upgrade to Jenkins 2.319, LTS 2.303.3, you can install the Remoting Security Workaround Plugin. It will prevent all agent-to-controller file access using FilePath APIs. Because it is more restrictive than Jenkins 2.319, LTS 2.303.3, more plugins are incompatible with it. Make sure to read the plugin documentation before installing it.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.303.2"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.main:jenkins-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.303.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.318"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.main:jenkins-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.304"
},
{
"fixed": "2.319"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21690"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22",
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-23T06:48:21Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-04T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The agent-to-controller security subsystem limits which files on the Jenkins controller can be accessed by agent processes.\n\nMultiple vulnerabilities in the file path filtering implementation of Jenkins 2.318 and earlier, LTS 2.303.2 and earlier allow agent processes to read and write arbitrary files on the Jenkins controller file system, and obtain some information about Jenkins controller file systems.\n\nSECURITY-2486 / CVE-2021-21690: Agent processes are able to completely bypass file path filtering by wrapping the file operation in an agent file path.\n\nWe expect that most of these vulnerabilities have been present since [SECURITY-144 was addressed in the 2014-10-30 security advisory](https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2014-10-30/).\n\nJenkins 2.319, LTS 2.303.3 addresses these security vulnerabilities.\n\nSECURITY-2486 / CVE-2021-21690: Agent processes are no longer able to completely bypass file path filtering by wrapping the file operation in an agent file path.\n\nAs some common operations are now newly subject to access control, it is expected that plugins sending commands from agents to the controller may start failing. Additionally, the newly introduced path canonicalization means that instances using a custom builds directory ([Java system property jenkins.model.Jenkins.buildsDir](https://www.jenkins.io/doc/book/managing/system-properties/#jenkins-model-jenkins-buildsdir)) or partitioning `JENKINS_HOME` using symbolic links may fail access control checks. See [the documentation](https://www.jenkins.io/doc/book/security/controller-isolation/agent-to-controller/#file-access-rules) for how to customize the configuration in case of problems.\n\nIf you are unable to immediately upgrade to Jenkins 2.319, LTS 2.303.3, you can install the [Remoting Security Workaround Plugin](https://www.jenkins.io/redirect/remoting-security-workaround/). It will prevent all agent-to-controller file access using `FilePath` APIs. Because it is more restrictive than Jenkins 2.319, LTS 2.303.3, more plugins are incompatible with it. Make sure to read the plugin documentation before installing it.",
"id": "GHSA-97c3-w9cr-6qc2",
"modified": "2022-12-16T20:32:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:19:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21690"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins/commit/104c751d907919dd53f5090f84d53c671a66457b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins/commit/5a245e42979abe4a26d41727c839521e36cedd74"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins/commit/63cde2daadc705edf086f2213b48c8c547f98358"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2021-11-04/#SECURITY-2455"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "ttps://github.com/jenkinsci/jenkins"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Multiple vulnerabilities allow bypassing path filtering of agent-to-controller access control in Jenkins"
}
GHSA-97XC-XQG6-M27C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-12 18:31 – Updated: 2025-08-12 18:31Protection mechanism failure in the Intel(R) Graphics Driver for the Intel(R) Arc(TM) B-Series graphics before version 32.0.101.6737 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-24835"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-12T17:15:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Protection mechanism failure in the Intel(R) Graphics Driver for the Intel(R) Arc(TM) B-Series graphics before version 32.0.101.6737 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.",
"id": "GHSA-97xc-xqg6-m27c",
"modified": "2025-08-12T18:31:29Z",
"published": "2025-08-12T18:31:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24835"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01299.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-986V-6JP3-H8HC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-15 15:32 – Updated: 2026-09-21 18:31Mitigation bypass in the DOM: Notifications component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 156 and Firefox ESR 153.3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-92039"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-15T13:16:55Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Mitigation bypass in the DOM: Notifications component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 156 and Firefox ESR 153.3.",
"id": "GHSA-986v-6jp3-h8hc",
"modified": "2026-09-21T18:31:43Z",
"published": "2026-09-15T15:32:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-92039"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2001265"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-90"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-93"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-94"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-96"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-107: Cross Site Tracing
Cross Site Tracing (XST) enables an adversary to steal the victim's session cookie and possibly other authentication credentials transmitted in the header of the HTTP request when the victim's browser communicates to a destination system's web server.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-20: Encryption Brute Forcing
An attacker, armed with the cipher text and the encryption algorithm used, performs an exhaustive (brute force) search on the key space to determine the key that decrypts the cipher text to obtain the plaintext.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-237: Escaping a Sandbox by Calling Code in Another Language
The attacker may submit malicious code of another language to obtain access to privileges that were not intentionally exposed by the sandbox, thus escaping the sandbox. For instance, Java code cannot perform unsafe operations, such as modifying arbitrary memory locations, due to restrictions placed on it by the Byte code Verifier and the JVM. If allowed, Java code can call directly into native C code, which may perform unsafe operations, such as call system calls and modify arbitrary memory locations on their behalf. To provide isolation, Java does not grant untrusted code with unmediated access to native C code. Instead, the sandboxed code is typically allowed to call some subset of the pre-existing native code that is part of standard libraries.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content
An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.
CAPEC-480: Escaping Virtualization
An adversary gains access to an application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by escaping the confines of a virtualized environment. The adversary is then able to access resources or execute unauthorized code within the host environment, generally with the privileges of the user running the virtualized process. Successfully executing an attack of this type is often the first step in executing more complex attacks.
CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry
SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code
An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-74: Manipulating State
The adversary modifies state information maintained by the target software or causes a state transition in hardware. If successful, the target will use this tainted state and execute in an unintended manner.
State management is an important function within a software application. User state maintained by the application can include usernames, payment information, browsing history as well as application-specific contents such as items in a shopping cart. Manipulating user state can be employed by an adversary to elevate privilege, conduct fraudulent transactions or otherwise modify the flow of the application to derive certain benefits.
If there is a hardware logic error in a finite state machine, the adversary can use this to put the system in an undefined state which could cause a denial of service or exposure of secure data.
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.