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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-674

Allowed-with-Review

Uncontrolled Recursion

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product does not properly control the amount of recursion that takes place, consuming excessive resources, such as allocated memory or the program stack.

753 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-1492 (GCVE-0-2025-1492)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-20 01:30 – Updated: 2026-03-27 13:56
VLAI
Title
Uncontrolled Recursion in Wireshark
Summary
Bundle Protocol and CBOR dissector crashes in Wireshark 4.4.0 to 4.4.3 and 4.2.0 to 4.2.10 allows denial of service via packet injection or crafted capture file
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-20 14:21 UTC
CWE
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Wireshark Foundation Wireshark Affected: 4.4.0 , < 4.4.4 (semver)
Affected: 4.2.0 , < 4.2.11 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-58370 (GCVE-0-2024-58370)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-18 13:10 – Updated: 2026-07-28 01:47
VLAI
Title
SurrealDB before 1.1.0 Uncontrolled Recursion Denial of Service
Summary
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SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-22 18:55 UTC
CWE
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
surrealdb surrealdb Affected: 0 , < 1.1.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 1.1.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:surrealdb:surrealdb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2024-01-17 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-58264 (GCVE-0-2024-58264)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-27 00:00 – Updated: 2025-07-28 15:06
VLAI
Summary
The serde-json-wasm crate before 1.0.1 for Rust allows stack consumption via deeply nested JSON data.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-07-28 15:06 UTC
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
CosmWasm serde-json-wasm Affected: 0 , < 0.5.2 (semver)
Affected: 1.0.0 , < 1.0.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-58103 (GCVE-0-2024-58103)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-16 00:00 – Updated: 2025-03-17 15:50
VLAI
Summary
Square Wire before 5.2.0 does not enforce a recursion limit on nested groups in ByteArrayProtoReader32.kt and ProtoReader.kt.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-17 15:50 UTC
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Square Wire Affected: 0 , < 5.2.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-58102 (GCVE-0-2024-58102)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-11 00:00 – Updated: 2025-03-11 13:24
VLAI
Summary
An issue was discovered in Datalust Seq before 2024.3.13545. An insecure default parsing depth limit allows stack consumption when parsing user-supplied queries containing deeply nested expressions.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-11 13:23 UTC
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Datalust Seq Affected: 0 , < 2024.3.13545 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:datalust:seq:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-57257 (GCVE-0-2024-57257)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-18 00:00 – Updated: 2025-11-03 19:32
VLAI
Summary
A stack consumption issue in sqfs_size in Das U-Boot before 2025.01-rc1 occurs via a crafted squashfs filesystem with deep symlink nesting.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-19 15:06 UTC
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
denx U-Boot Affected: 0 , < 2025.01-rc1 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:denx:u-boot:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-54731 (GCVE-0-2024-54731)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-08 00:00 – Updated: 2025-01-08 14:41
VLAI
Summary
cpdf through 2.8 allows stack consumption via a crafted PDF document.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-08 14:41 UTC
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Coherent Graphics CPDF Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.8 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-49363 (GCVE-0-2024-49363)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-18 19:24 – Updated: 2024-12-19 16:46
VLAI
Title
Uncontrolled Recursion and Asymmetric Resource Consumption (Amplification) in media/file proxy in Misskey
Summary
Misskey is an open source, federated social media platform. In affected versions FileServerService (media proxy) in github.com/misskey-dev/misskey 2024.10.1 or earlier did not detect proxy loops, which allows remote actors to execute a self-propagating reflected/amplified distributed denial-of-service via a maliciously crafted note. FileServerService.prototype.proxyHandler did not check incoming requests are not coming from another proxy server. An attacker can execute an amplified denial-of-service by sending a nested proxy request to the server and end the request with a malicious redirect back to another nested proxy request. Leading to unbounded recursion until the original request is timed out. This issue has been addressed in version 2024.11.0-alpha.3. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade may configure the reverse proxy to block requests to the proxy with an empty User-Agent header or one containing Misskey/. An attacker can not effectively modify the User-Agent header without making another request to the server.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-12-19 16:46 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-405 - Asymmetric Resource Consumption (Amplification)
  • CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
misskey-dev misskey Affected: < CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-47831 (GCVE-0-2024-47831)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-14 18:04 – Updated: 2024-10-15 14:52
VLAI
Title
Next.js image optimization has Denial of Service condition
Summary
Next.js is a React Framework for the Web. Cersions on the 10.x, 11.x, 12.x, 13.x, and 14.x branches before version 14.2.7 contain a vulnerability in the image optimization feature which allows for a potential Denial of Service (DoS) condition which could lead to excessive CPU consumption. Neither the `next.config.js` file that is configured with `images.unoptimized` set to `true` or `images.loader` set to a non-default value nor the Next.js application that is hosted on Vercel are affected. This issue was fully patched in Next.js `14.2.7`. As a workaround, ensure that the `next.config.js` file has either `images.unoptimized`, `images.loader` or `images.loaderFile` assigned.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-15 14:51 UTC
CWE
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
vercel next.js Affected: >= 10.0.0, < 14.2.7
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-43414 (GCVE-0-2024-43414)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-08-27 17:20 – Updated: 2024-08-27 17:58
VLAI
Title
Apollo Query Planner and Apollo Gateway may infinitely loop on sufficiently complex queries
Summary
Apollo Federation is an architecture for declaratively composing APIs into a unified graph. Each team can own their slice of the graph independently, empowering them to deliver autonomously and incrementally. Instances of @apollo/query-planner >=2.0.0 and <2.8.5 are impacted by a denial-of-service vulnerability. @apollo/gateway versions >=2.0.0 and < 2.8.5 and Apollo Router <1.52.1 are also impacted through their use of @apollo/query-panner. If @apollo/query-planner is asked to plan a sufficiently complex query, it may loop infinitely and never complete. This results in unbounded memory consumption and either a crash or out-of-memory (OOM) termination. This issue can be triggered if you have at least one non-@key field that can be resolved by multiple subgraphs. To identify these shared fields, the schema for each subgraph must be reviewed. The mechanism to identify shared fields varies based on the version of Federation your subgraphs are using. You can check if your subgraphs are using Federation 1 or Federation 2 by reviewing their schemas. Federation 2 subgraph schemas will contain a @link directive referencing the version of Federation being used while Federation 1 subgraphs will not. For example, in a Federation 2 subgraph, you will find a line like @link(url: "https://specs.apollo.dev/federation/v2.0"). If a similar @link directive is not present in your subgraph schema, it is using Federation 1. Note that a supergraph can contain a mix of Federation 1 and Federation 2 subgraphs. This issue results from the Apollo query planner attempting to use a Number exceeding Javascript’s Number.MAX_VALUE in some cases. In Javascript, Number.MAX_VALUE is (2^1024 - 2^971). When the query planner receives an inbound graphql request, it breaks the query into pieces and for each piece, generates a list of potential execution steps to solve the piece. These candidates represent the steps that the query planner will take to satisfy the pieces of the larger query. As part of normal operations, the query planner requires and calculates the number of possible query plans for the total query. That is, it needs the product of the number of query plan candidates for each piece of the query. Under normal circumstances, after generating all query plan candidates and calculating the number of all permutations, the query planner moves on to stack rank candidates and prune less-than-optimal options. In particularly complex queries, especially those where fields can be solved through multiple subgraphs, this can cause the number of all query plan permutations to balloon. In worst-case scenarios, this can end up being a number larger than Number.MAX_VALUE. In Javascript, if Number.MAX_VALUE is exceeded, Javascript represents the value as “infinity”. If the count of candidates is evaluated as infinity, the component of the query planner responsible for pruning less-than-optimal query plans does not actually prune candidates, causing the query planner to evaluate many orders of magnitude more query plan candidates than necessary. This issue has been addressed in @apollo/query-planner v2.8.5, @apollo/gateway v2.8.5, and Apollo Router v1.52.1. Users are advised to upgrade. This issue can be avoided by ensuring there are no fields resolvable from multiple subgraphs. If all subgraphs are using Federation 2, you can confirm that you are not impacted by ensuring that none of your subgraph schemas use the @shareable directive. If you are using Federation 1 subgraphs, you will need to validate that there are no fields resolvable by multiple subgraphs.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-27 17:55 UTC
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
apollographql federation Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 2.8.5
Affected: < 1.52.1
Create a notification for this product.
apollographql federation Affected: 2.0.0 , < 2.8.5 (custom)
Affected: 0 , < 1.52.1 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:apollographql:federation:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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            "cpes": [
              "cpe:2.3:a:apollographql:federation:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
            ],
            "defaultStatus": "unknown",
            "product": "federation",
            "vendor": "apollographql",
            "versions": [
              {
                "lessThan": "2.8.5",
                "status": "affected",
                "version": "2.0.0",
                "versionType": "custom"
              },
              {
                "lessThan": "1.52.1",
                "status": "affected",
                "version": "0",
                "versionType": "custom"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2024-43414",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2024-08-27T17:55:12.961543Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-27T17:58:38.192Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "federation",
          "vendor": "apollographql",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 2.0.0, \u003c 2.8.5"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 1.52.1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Apollo Federation is an architecture for declaratively composing APIs into a unified graph. Each team can own their slice of the graph independently, empowering them to deliver autonomously and incrementally. Instances of @apollo/query-planner \u003e=2.0.0 and \u003c2.8.5 are impacted by a denial-of-service vulnerability. @apollo/gateway versions \u003e=2.0.0 and \u003c 2.8.5 and Apollo Router \u003c1.52.1 are also impacted through their use of @apollo/query-panner. If @apollo/query-planner is asked to plan a sufficiently complex query, it may loop infinitely and never complete. This results in unbounded memory consumption and either a crash or out-of-memory (OOM) termination. This issue can be triggered if you have at least one non-@key field that can be resolved by multiple subgraphs. To identify these shared fields, the schema for each subgraph must be reviewed. The mechanism to identify shared fields varies based on the version of Federation your subgraphs are using. You can check if your subgraphs are using Federation 1 or Federation 2 by reviewing their schemas. Federation 2 subgraph schemas will contain a @link directive referencing the version of Federation being used while Federation 1 subgraphs will not. For example, in a Federation 2 subgraph, you will find a line like @link(url: \"https://specs.apollo.dev/federation/v2.0\"). If a similar @link directive is not present in your subgraph schema, it is using Federation 1. Note that a supergraph can contain a mix of Federation 1 and Federation 2 subgraphs. This issue results from the Apollo query planner attempting to use a Number exceeding Javascript\u2019s Number.MAX_VALUE in some cases. In Javascript, Number.MAX_VALUE is (2^1024 - 2^971). When the query planner receives an inbound graphql request, it breaks the query into pieces and for each piece, generates a list of potential execution steps to solve the piece. These candidates represent the steps that the query planner will take to satisfy the pieces of the larger query. As part of normal operations, the query planner requires and calculates the number of possible query plans for the total query. That is, it needs the product of the number of query plan candidates for each piece of the query. Under normal circumstances, after generating all query plan candidates and calculating the number of all permutations, the query planner moves on to stack rank candidates and prune less-than-optimal options. In particularly complex queries, especially those where fields can be solved through multiple subgraphs, this can cause the number of all query plan permutations to balloon. In worst-case scenarios, this can end up being a number larger than Number.MAX_VALUE. In Javascript, if Number.MAX_VALUE is exceeded, Javascript represents the value as \u201cinfinity\u201d. If the count of candidates is evaluated as infinity, the component of the query planner responsible for pruning less-than-optimal query plans does not actually prune candidates, causing the query planner to evaluate many orders of magnitude more query plan candidates than necessary. This issue has been addressed in @apollo/query-planner v2.8.5, @apollo/gateway v2.8.5, and Apollo Router v1.52.1. Users are advised to upgrade. This issue can be avoided by ensuring there are no fields resolvable from multiple subgraphs. If all subgraphs are using Federation 2, you can confirm that you are not impacted by ensuring that none of your subgraph schemas use the @shareable directive. If you are using Federation 1 subgraphs, you will need to validate that there are no fields resolvable by multiple subgraphs."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-674",
              "description": "CWE-674: Uncontrolled Recursion",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2024-08-27T17:20:05.375Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/apollographql/federation/security/advisories/GHSA-fmj9-77q8-g6c4",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/apollographql/federation/security/advisories/GHSA-fmj9-77q8-g6c4"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://www.apollographql.com/docs/federation/query-plans",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.apollographql.com/docs/federation/query-plans"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://www.apollographql.com/docs/router/configuration/persisted-queries",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.apollographql.com/docs/router/configuration/persisted-queries"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-fmj9-77q8-g6c4",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Apollo Query Planner and Apollo Gateway may infinitely loop on sufficiently complex queries"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2024-43414",
    "datePublished": "2024-08-27T17:20:05.375Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-08-12T18:02:04.967Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-08-27T17:58:38.192Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that an end condition will be reached under all logic conditions. The end condition may include checking against the depth of recursion and exiting with an error if the recursion goes too deep. The complexity of the end condition contributes to the effectiveness of this action.

Mitigation
Implementation

Increase the stack size.

CAPEC-230: Serialized Data with Nested Payloads

Applications often need to transform data in and out of a data format (e.g., XML and YAML) by using a parser. It may be possible for an adversary to inject data that may have an adverse effect on the parser when it is being processed. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. By nesting these structures, causing the data to be repeatedly substituted, an adversary can cause the parser to consume more resources while processing, causing excessive memory consumption and CPU utilization.

CAPEC-231: Oversized Serialized Data Payloads

An adversary injects oversized serialized data payloads into a parser during data processing to produce adverse effects upon the parser such as exhausting system resources and arbitrary code execution.