CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2312 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3F9Q-JJQQ-4G32
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:40 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:40An open redirect vulnerability is present in Piwigo 2.9 and probably prior versions, allowing remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks. The identification.php component is affected by this issue: the "redirect" parameter is not validated.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-9464"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-06-14T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect vulnerability is present in Piwigo 2.9 and probably prior versions, allowing remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks. The identification.php component is affected by this issue: the \"redirect\" parameter is not validated.",
"id": "GHSA-3f9q-jjqq-4g32",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:40:52Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:40:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-9464"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Piwigo/Piwigo/issues/706"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wizlynxgroup.com/security-research-advisories/vuln/WLX-2017-007"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3FJ7-9J8M-7R8G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:31 – Updated: 2024-01-26 18:27A vulnerability was found in moodle before versions 3.6.3, 3.5.5, 3.4.8 and 3.1.17. Links within assignment submission comments would open directly (in the same window). Although links themselves may be valid, opening within the same window and without the no-referrer header policy made them more susceptible to exploits.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.17"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.4.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.5.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.6.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.6.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-3850"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-26T18:27:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-03-26T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in moodle before versions 3.6.3, 3.5.5, 3.4.8 and 3.1.17. Links within assignment submission comments would open directly (in the same window). Although links themselves may be valid, opening within the same window and without the no-referrer header policy made them more susceptible to exploits.",
"id": "GHSA-3fj7-9j8m-7r8g",
"modified": "2024-01-26T18:27:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:31:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-3850"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/1fc481dd7b09e08e85824c1fe6733b303a36bdce"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/772c908d40a944efd91d897d524b255626d330d4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/907b377e51c32ea37feef53e10684b504e103273"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/d3f2f990dd3c5d4e6073a77154c6423d1c304647"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2019-3850"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=384013#p1547745"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Moodle Stored HTML in assignment submission comments allowed links to be opened directly"
}
GHSA-3G24-RV7H-5XH5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-11 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-11 19:00An HTML injection vulnerability exists in CERT/CC VINCE software prior to 1.50.4. An authenticated attacker can inject arbitrary HTML via a crafted email with HTML content in the Subject field.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-40257"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601",
"CWE-74",
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-10T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An HTML injection vulnerability exists in CERT/CC VINCE software prior to 1.50.4. An authenticated attacker can inject arbitrary HTML via a crafted email with HTML content in the Subject field.",
"id": "GHSA-3g24-rv7h-5xh5",
"modified": "2022-10-11T19:00:26Z",
"published": "2022-10-11T12:00:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-40257"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/CERTCC/VINCE/issues?q=label%3Asecurity"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3GHF-CHW5-4MXM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:57 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:57The Feed Statistics plugin before 4.0 for WordPress has an Open Redirect via the feed-stats-url parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-17074"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-16T02:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Feed Statistics plugin before 4.0 for WordPress has an Open Redirect via the feed-stats-url parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-3ghf-chw5-4mxm",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:57:00Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:57:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-17074"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/22142"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wordpress-feed-statistics/trunk/feed-statistics.php?rev=960868"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/wordpress-feed-statistics/#developers"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpvulndb.com/vulnerabilities/7543"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3GJC-QGPJ-P9MW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:14 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:14Open Redirection vulnerability in NetIQ Access Manager prior to 5.0.1 and 4.5.4
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-22526"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-13T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open Redirection vulnerability in NetIQ Access Manager prior to 5.0.1 and 4.5.4",
"id": "GHSA-3gjc-qgpj-p9mw",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:14:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:14:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22526"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.microfocus.com/kb/doc.php?id=7025257"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.microfocus.com/documentation/access-manager/5.0/accessmanager501-release-notes/accessmanager501-release-notes.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-3GJH-276X-542V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-01 18:30 – Updated: 2023-11-01 18:30A vulnerability in the implementation of Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) 2.0 single sign-on (SSO) for remote access VPN in Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to intercept the SAML assertion of a user who is authenticating to a remote access VPN session. This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of the login URL. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user to access a site that is under the control of the attacker, allowing the attacker to modify the login URL. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to intercept a successful SAML assertion and use that assertion to establish a remote access VPN session toward the affected device with the identity and permissions of the hijacked user, resulting in access to the protected network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-20264"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-01T18:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the implementation of Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) 2.0 single sign-on (SSO) for remote access VPN in Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to intercept the SAML assertion of a user who is authenticating to a remote access VPN session. This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of the login URL. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user to access a site that is under the control of the attacker, allowing the attacker to modify the login URL. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to intercept a successful SAML assertion and use that assertion to establish a remote access VPN session toward the affected device with the identity and permissions of the hijacked user, resulting in access to the protected network.",
"id": "GHSA-3gjh-276x-542v",
"modified": "2023-11-01T18:30:33Z",
"published": "2023-11-01T18:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20264"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-asaftd-saml-hijack-ttuQfyz"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3GQ8-8FWH-FC7Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-22 21:30 – Updated: 2025-04-16 15:34When closed or sent to the background, Firefox for Android would not properly record and persist HSTS settings.
Note: This issue only affected Firefox for Android. Other operating systems are unaffected.. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 100.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-29910"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-22T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "When closed or sent to the background, Firefox for Android would not properly record and persist HSTS settings.\u003cbr\u003e*Note: This issue only affected Firefox for Android. Other operating systems are unaffected.*. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 100.",
"id": "GHSA-3gq8-8fwh-fc7q",
"modified": "2025-04-16T15:34:08Z",
"published": "2022-12-22T21:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29910"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1757138"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-16"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3GRM-JXF7-FMFQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-28 18:30 – Updated: 2023-03-04 06:30An open redirect vulnerability exposes OpenCATS to template injection due to improper validation of user-supplied GET parameters.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-27292"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-28T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect vulnerability exposes OpenCATS to template injection due to improper validation of user-supplied GET parameters.",
"id": "GHSA-3grm-jxf7-fmfq",
"modified": "2023-03-04T06:30:22Z",
"published": "2023-02-28T18:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27292"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/research/tra-2023-8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3GV3-RGPH-2CGP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-27 15:30 – Updated: 2024-09-27 18:32ModStartCMS v8.8.0 was discovered to contain an open redirect vulnerability in the redirect parameter at /admin/login. This vulnerability allows attackers to redirect users to an arbitrary website via a crafted URL.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-46331"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-27T15:15:15Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "ModStartCMS v8.8.0 was discovered to contain an open redirect vulnerability in the redirect parameter at /admin/login. This vulnerability allows attackers to redirect users to an arbitrary website via a crafted URL.",
"id": "GHSA-3gv3-rgph-2cgp",
"modified": "2024-09-27T18:32:25Z",
"published": "2024-09-27T15:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-46331"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/whiteshark2k/ModStartCMS-OpenRedirect/blob/main/ModStartCMS-OpenRedirect.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3H67-J53J-M22P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-23 21:36 – Updated: 2025-07-23 21:36A URL redirection in Pinokio v3.6.23 allows attackers to redirect victim users to attacker-controlled pages.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-44109"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-23T20:15:26Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A URL redirection in Pinokio v3.6.23 allows attackers to redirect victim users to attacker-controlled pages.",
"id": "GHSA-3h67-j53j-m22p",
"modified": "2025-07-23T21:36:46Z",
"published": "2025-07-23T21:36:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-44109"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/12XY2WFBvGJ104gUvyG6YDIEdy4y1gl8i/view"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/Suuuuuzy/609c7b2e74a8cc16c8e0302a100b86e0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://suuuuuzy.github.io/mostly-harmless/pinokio_poc/index.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.