CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2312 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-28WH-2MP5-4GP8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-08 12:32 – Updated: 2024-09-08 12:32Loway - CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-42341"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-08T12:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Loway - CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027)",
"id": "GHSA-28wh-2mp5-4gp8",
"modified": "2024-09-08T12:32:45Z",
"published": "2024-09-08T12:32:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42341"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.gov.il/en/Departments/faq/cve_advisories"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2927-HV3P-F3VP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-03 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-14 20:01Caddy v2.4 was discovered to contain an open redirect vulnerability. A remote unauthenticated attacker may exploit this vulnerability to redirect users to arbitrary web URLs by tricking the victim users to click on crafted links.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/caddyserver/caddy"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-29718"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-03T22:16:20Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-02T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Caddy v2.4 was discovered to contain an open redirect vulnerability. A remote unauthenticated attacker may exploit this vulnerability to redirect users to arbitrary web URLs by tricking the victim users to click on crafted links.",
"id": "GHSA-2927-hv3p-f3vp",
"modified": "2022-06-14T20:01:41Z",
"published": "2022-06-03T00:00:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29718"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/pull/4499"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/pull/4499/commits/b23bdcf99cfbd09d50555a999a16468404789230"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/releases/tag/v2.5.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/CP2VIUT5IKA3OKM6YWA5LTLJ2GTEIH7C"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Open redirect in caddy"
}
GHSA-2CCW-7PX8-VMPF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-25 19:27 – Updated: 2022-04-07 00:09Flask-AppBuilder is an application development framework built on top of Flask. Versions prior to 3.4.5 contain an open redirect vulnerability when using the database authentication login page. There are no known workarounds. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.4.5 or later.
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in Flask-AppBuilder
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Flask-AppBuilder"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.4.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-24776"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-03-25T19:27:39Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-24T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Flask-AppBuilder is an application development framework built on top of Flask. Versions prior to 3.4.5 contain an open redirect vulnerability when using the database authentication login page. There are no known workarounds. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.4.5 or later.\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [Flask-AppBuilder](https://github.com/dpgaspar/Flask-AppBuilder)\n",
"id": "GHSA-2ccw-7px8-vmpf",
"modified": "2022-04-07T00:09:48Z",
"published": "2022-03-25T19:27:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dpgaspar/Flask-AppBuilder/security/advisories/GHSA-2ccw-7px8-vmpf"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24776"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dpgaspar/Flask-AppBuilder/pull/1804"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dpgaspar/Flask-AppBuilder/pull/1804/commits/5214d975ebad2ff32057443d2cc20fef1c04d0ea"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/dpgaspar/Flask-AppBuilder"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dpgaspar/Flask-AppBuilder/releases/tag/v3.4.5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Open Redirect in Flask-AppBuilder"
}
GHSA-2CM5-X5XW-8GGQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:01 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:01IBM Sterling B2B Integrator Standard Edition could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-6020"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-02-01T20:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Sterling B2B Integrator Standard Edition could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim.",
"id": "GHSA-2cm5-x5xw-8ggq",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:01:00Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:01:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6020"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21995794"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95098"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2F33-G4WJ-FFHQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-20 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-28 00:00Automated Logic's WebCtrl Server Version 6.1 'Help' index pages are vulnerable to open redirection. The vulnerability allows an attacker to send a maliciously crafted URL which could result in redirecting the user to a malicious webpage or downloading a malicious file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-1019"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-19T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Automated Logic\u0027s WebCtrl Server Version 6.1 \u0027Help\u0027 index pages are vulnerable to open redirection. The vulnerability allows an attacker to send a maliciously crafted URL which could result in redirecting the user to a malicious webpage or downloading a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-2f33-g4wj-ffhq",
"modified": "2022-04-28T00:00:40Z",
"published": "2022-04-20T00:00:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1019"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.corporate.carrier.com/Images/CARR-PSA-ALC-WebCTRL-001-1121_tcm558-149395.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2FC8-WJ99-H595
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:15 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:15Open Redirect vulnerability exists in VMware vRealize Log Insight prior to 8.1.0 due to improper Input validation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-3954"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-04-15T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open Redirect vulnerability exists in VMware vRealize Log Insight prior to 8.1.0 due to improper Input validation.",
"id": "GHSA-2fc8-wj99-h595",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:15:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:15:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-3954"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2020-0007.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2FHV-PXMP-GPWH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-21 06:30 – Updated: 2025-01-21 15:31On most desktop platforms, Brave Browser versions 1.70.x-1.73.x included a feature to show a site's origin on the OS-provided file selector dialog when a site prompts the user to upload or download a file. However the origin was not correctly inferred in some cases. When combined with an open redirector vulnerability on a trusted site, this could allow a malicious site to initiate a download whose origin in the file select dialog appears as the trusted site which initiated the redirect.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-23086"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-21T05:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "On most desktop platforms, Brave Browser versions 1.70.x-1.73.x included a feature to show a site\u0027s origin on the OS-provided file selector dialog when a site prompts the user to upload or download a file. However the origin was not correctly inferred in some cases. When combined with an open redirector vulnerability on a trusted site, this could allow a malicious site to initiate a download whose origin in the file select dialog appears as the trusted site which initiated the redirect.",
"id": "GHSA-2fhv-pxmp-gpwh",
"modified": "2025-01-21T15:31:03Z",
"published": "2025-01-21T06:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23086"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/2888770"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2FM4-33W4-X4FW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:18 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:18CrushFTP before 7.8.0 and 8.x before 8.2.0 has a redirect vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-14038"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-08-30T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "CrushFTP before 7.8.0 and 8.x before 8.2.0 has a redirect vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-2fm4-33w4-x4fw",
"modified": "2022-05-17T01:18:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T01:18:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-14038"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crushftp.com/version7.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crushftp.com/version8.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2FP5-7G39-82F7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:35 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:35A vulnerability in the web interface of Cisco Prime Infrastructure could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page, aka an Open Redirect. The vulnerability is due to improper input validation of the parameters in the HTTP request. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by crafting an HTTP request that could cause the web application to redirect the request to a specific malicious URL. This vulnerability is known as an open redirect attack and is used in phishing attacks to get users to visit malicious sites without their knowledge. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCve37646.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-0097"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-01-18T06:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web interface of Cisco Prime Infrastructure could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page, aka an Open Redirect. The vulnerability is due to improper input validation of the parameters in the HTTP request. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by crafting an HTTP request that could cause the web application to redirect the request to a specific malicious URL. This vulnerability is known as an open redirect attack and is used in phishing attacks to get users to visit malicious sites without their knowledge. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCve37646.",
"id": "GHSA-2fp5-7g39-82f7",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:35:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:35:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-0097"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180117-prime-infrastructure"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/102724"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040243"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2FPH-F2F6-CPGM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:19 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:19Safari in Apple iOS before 9.3.3 allows remote attackers to spoof the displayed URL via an HTTP response specifying redirection to an invalid TCP port number.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-4604"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-07-22T02:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Safari in Apple iOS before 9.3.3 allows remote attackers to spoof the displayed URL via an HTTP response specifying redirection to an invalid TCP port number.",
"id": "GHSA-2fph-f2f6-cpgm",
"modified": "2022-05-17T01:19:53Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T01:19:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4604"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT206902"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Jul/msg00001.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91825"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036344"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.