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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-601

Allowed

URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.

2460 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-49996 (GCVE-0-2026-49996)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-20 18:55 – Updated: 2026-08-20 19:48
VLAI
Title
securedrop-proxy origin limitation can be bypassed with redirects
Summary
SecureDrop Client is a desktop app for journalists to securely communicate with sources and handle submissions on the SecureDrop Workstation. Prior to version 1.3.1, a malicious SecureDrop Server could bypass securedrop-proxy's origin limitation by responding with cross-origin redirects. SecureDrop Server itself has multiple layers of built-in hardening, and is a dedicated physical machine exposed on the internet only via Tor hidden services for the Source and Journalist interfaces, and optionally via remote SSH access over another Tor hidden service. A newsroom's SecureDrop Workstation communicates only with its own dedicated SecureDrop Server. Version 1.3.1 fixes the issue.
Severity
3.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-20 19:48 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-49826 (GCVE-0-2026-49826)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-14 16:25 – Updated: 2026-08-14 18:06
VLAI
Title
Concourse login flow has an open redirect issue
Summary
Concourse is a container-based automation system written in Go. Prior to version 8.2.3, an attacker is able to craft and send a user a URL that will redirect the user from the Concourse web server to any other site. This could be used in a phishing attack to steal user's credentials. This has been fixed in 8.2.3. No known workarounds are available.
Severity
0 (None)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 17:41 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
concourse concourse Affected: < 8.2.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-49820 (GCVE-0-2026-49820)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 14:36 – Updated: 2026-08-14 15:40
VLAI
Title
Probo has an open redirect bypass via path normalization
Summary
Probo is a self-hostable governance, risk, and compliance (GRC) platform built for engineering and security teams. Probo's `saferedirect` package validates redirect URLs used across authentication flows (OIDC, SAML, session transfer, OAuth connectors, and trust-center magic links). Prior to version 0.19.3.1, the validator only inspected the second character of relative paths, so a URL like `/../\evil.com` passed validation because the second character is `.`. Go's `http.Redirect` normalizes this path to `/\evil.com` before setting the `Location` header. Browsers can interpret the backslash as a host separator and redirect the user to an external domain (`https://evil.com`), bypassing the intended same-origin restriction. This enables open-redirect phishing: an attacker can craft a `continue` parameter (or embed a malicious URL in a session-transfer token) that appears to originate from a trusted Probo domain but redirects victims elsewhere. This is fixed in `go.probo.inc/probo` 0.193.1 by normalizing relative paths with `path.Clean` before validation, rejecting backslashes (including percent-encoded `%5c`) anywhere in the path, and re-checking the normalized result for protocol-relative and backslash prefixes. Self-hosted deployments should upgrade to probod v0.194.1 or later. SaaS deployments on getprobo.com are patched. No practical workaround is available for self-hosted installations.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 15:40 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
getprobo probo Affected: < 0.193.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-49456 (GCVE-0-2026-49456)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-03 18:15 – Updated: 2026-09-03 18:29
VLAI
Title
Waku: Open Redirect via `unstable_redirect` Helper
Summary
Waku is the minimal React framework. Prior to version 1.0.0-beta.1, the unstable_redirect() helper exported from waku/router/server (packages/waku/src/router/define-router.tsx:156–161) accepts an arbitrary string and reflects it unchanged into the HTTP Location response header with no URL validation, scheme restriction, or path-only enforcement. Any application that passes user-controlled input to this helper — the natural pattern documented in the JSDoc and official fixtures — is vulnerable to open redirect attacks. An attacker who convinces a victim to click a crafted link can silently redirect the browser to an arbitrary external domain, enabling phishing, credential harvesting, and OAuth token theft. Additionally, scheme-relative URLs (//evil.example/) bypass naive https?://-only allow-list filters that developers might add as ad-hoc mitigations. This issue has been patched in version 1.0.0-beta.1.
Severity
3.1 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-03 18:28 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
wakujs waku Affected: < 1.0.0-beta.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-49059 (GCVE-0-2026-49059)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-27 14:33 – Updated: 2026-05-28 00:33 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
WordPress Facebook for WooCommerce plugin <= 3.7.0 - Open Redirection vulnerability
Summary
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Facebook Facebook for WooCommerce allows Phishing. This issue affects Facebook for WooCommerce: from n/a through 3.7.0.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-28 00:33 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Facebook Facebook for WooCommerce Affected: n/a , ≤ 3.7.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
timomangcut | Patchstack Bug Bounty Program
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-48895 (GCVE-0-2026-48895)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-19 13:16 – Updated: 2026-06-22 16:20
VLAI
Title
Apache APISIX: Cas-auth Host header influence on CAS service URL
Summary
URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Apache APISIX. The attacker could manipulate some client headers to perform an open-redirect, to potentially expose the session token. This issue affects Apache APISIX: from 3.0.0 through 3.16.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.17.0, which fixes the issue.
Severity
2.1 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-22 16:20 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache APISIX Affected: 3.0.0 , ≤ 3.16.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
lokerxxx
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-48856 (GCVE-0-2026-48856)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-10 14:41 – Updated: 2026-07-24 14:16
VLAI
Title
httpc leaks Authorization header to cross-origin redirect targets
Summary
Sensitive Data Exposure vulnerability in Erlang OTP inets (httpc_response module) allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data. The httpc client forwards the Authorization and Proxy-Authorization request headers to redirect targets without checking whether the redirect crosses an origin boundary. httpc_response:redirect/2 constructs the redirected request by updating only the host field of the header record; all other fields (including authorization and proxy_authorization) are copied verbatim. The redirect target host is never compared against the original host. autoredirect defaults to true, so this affects all httpc callers that do not explicitly disable automatic redirects. An attacker who controls a server that the victim contacts via httpc can issue a cross-origin 3xx redirect to a server they also control. The Authorization header (including Basic credentials derived from URL userinfo via httpc_request:handle_user_info/2) is forwarded to the redirect target, allowing credential theft. The same applies to the Proxy-Authorization header. This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/inets/src/http_client/httpc_response.erl. This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 29.0.2, OTP 28.5.0.2 and OTP 27.3.4.13, corresponding to inets from 5.10 before 9.7.1, 9.6.2.2 and 9.3.2.6.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-10 16:23 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Erlang OTP Affected: 5.10 , < * (otp)
    cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Erlang OTP Affected: 17.0 , < * (otp)
Affected: 84adefa331c4159d432d22840663c38f155cd4c1 , < 688d748d6f7a6a06b13b662a1d3de8af97079612 (git)
    cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Jonatan Männchen / EEF Jonatan Männchen / EEF Ingela Anderton Andin Konrad Pietrzak
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-48832 (GCVE-0-2026-48832)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-24 22:36 – Updated: 2026-05-26 15:20
VLAI
Summary
action/cookie.php in ecrire in SPIP before 4.4.15 is prone to an open redirect vulnerability.
Severity
3.5 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-26 15:10 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
SPIP SPIP Affected: 0 , < 4.4.15 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:spip:spip:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-48784 (GCVE-0-2026-48784)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 19:04 – Updated: 2026-07-15 13:27
VLAI
Title
Symfony: UrlGenerator Dot-Segment Encoding Skips Every Other Chained `../` or `./` → Generated URL Collapses Off-Route Under RFC 3986 Normalization
Summary
Symfony is a PHP framework for web and console applications and a set of reusable PHP components. Prior to 5.4.53, 6.4.41, 7.4.13, and 8.0.13, UrlGenerator::doGenerate() used strtr() dot-segment encoding that skipped every other chained ../ or ./ segment, allowing attacker-controlled route parameters to generate URLs that collapse to a different path under RFC 3986 normalization. This issue is fixed in versions 5.4.53, 6.4.41, 7.4.13, and 8.0.13.
Severity
5.1 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 13:23 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-172 - Encoding Error
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
symfony symfony Affected: < 5.4.53
Affected: >= 6.0.0-BETA1, < 6.4.41
Affected: >= 7.0.0-BETA1, < 7.4.13
Affected: >= 8.0.0-BETA1, < 8.0.13
Create a notification for this product.
symfony routing Affected: < 5.4.53
Affected: >= 6.0.0-BETA1, < 6.4.41
Affected: >= 7.0.0-BETA1, < 7.4.13
Affected: >= 8.0.0-BETA1, < 8.0.13
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-48589 (GCVE-0-2026-48589)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-25 20:20 – Updated: 2026-05-26 12:37
VLAI
Title
Apache Shiro: Jakarta EE open redirect via untrusted Referer in post-login redirect flow
Summary
Apache Shiro’s Jakarta EE module used the HTTP Referer header in certain cases to issue redirect after a user login. In affected versions, insufficient validation of this client-controlled value could allow an attacker to influence the redirect target in applications using the Jakarta EE module. This issue affects Apache Shiro from 2.0-alpha to 2.2.0, and 3.0.0-alpha-1, only when using shiro-jakarta-ee integration module.
Severity
0 (None)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/S:N/AU:Y/R:A/V:D/U:Green
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-26 12:37 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache Shiro Affected: 2.0.0-alpha-0 , ≤ 2.2.0 (semver)
Affected: 3.0.0-alpha-0 , ≤ 3.0.0-alpha-1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Bartlomiej Dmitruk <bartek@striga.ai> Lenny Primak <lenny@flowlogix.com>
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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          "value": "Apache Shiro\u2019s Jakarta EE module used the HTTP Referer header in certain cases to issue redirect after a user login.\nIn affected versions, insufficient validation of this client-controlled value could allow an attacker to influence the redirect target in applications using the Jakarta EE module.\nThis issue affects Apache Shiro from 2.0-alpha to 2.2.0, and 3.0.0-alpha-1, only when using shiro-jakarta-ee integration module."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "YES",
            "Recovery": "AUTOMATIC",
            "Safety": "NEGLIGIBLE",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 0,
            "baseSeverity": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "providerUrgency": "GREEN",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "ACTIVE",
            "valueDensity": "DIFFUSE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/S:N/AU:Y/R:A/V:D/U:Green",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-601",
              "description": "CWE-601 URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-25T20:20:03.597Z",
        "orgId": "f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09",
        "shortName": "apache"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://shiro.apache.org/security-reports.html#cve_2026_48589"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "Apache Shiro: Jakarta EE open redirect via untrusted Referer in post-login redirect flow",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09",
    "assignerShortName": "apache",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-48589",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-25T20:20:03.597Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-22T00:31:53.177Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-26T12:37:44.475Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.

Mitigation MIT-21.2
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

  • When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
  • For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).

Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

  • Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
  • Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing

An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.

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