CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2336 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-F258-75GH-Q3V9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-20 00:32 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:33URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Parcel Pro.This issue affects Parcel Pro: from n/a through 1.6.11.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-46624"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-19T22:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in Parcel Pro.This issue affects Parcel Pro: from n/a through 1.6.11.",
"id": "GHSA-f258-75gh-q3v9",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:33:27Z",
"published": "2023-12-20T00:32:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-46624"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/woo-parcel-pro/wordpress-parcel-pro-plugin-1-6-3-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F2G3-6RQ6-34PC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:13 – Updated: 2023-05-23 15:30The Rank Math plugin through 1.0.40.2 for WordPress allows unauthenticated remote attackers to create new URIs (that redirect to an external web site) via the unsecured rankmath/v1/updateRedirection REST API endpoint. In other words, this is not an "Open Redirect" issue; instead, it allows the attacker to create a new URI with an arbitrary name (e.g., the /exampleredirect URI).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-11515"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-04-07T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Rank Math plugin through 1.0.40.2 for WordPress allows unauthenticated remote attackers to create new URIs (that redirect to an external web site) via the unsecured rankmath/v1/updateRedirection REST API endpoint. In other words, this is not an \"Open Redirect\" issue; instead, it allows the attacker to create a new URI with an arbitrary name (e.g., the /exampleredirect URI).",
"id": "GHSA-f2g3-6rq6-34pc",
"modified": "2023-05-23T15:30:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:13:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-11515"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rankmath.com/changelog"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/seo-by-rank-math/#developers"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/blog/2020/03/critical-vulnerabilities-affecting-over-200000-sites-patched-in-rank-math-seo-plugin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F2W7-FCQJ-G66G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35Open redirection vulnerability in the authentication system allows an attacker to use manipulated values in the X-Forwarded-Host header to alter the URLs generated by the application. A successful exploit could redirect authenticated users to malicious sites following login procedures or interaction with the interface, resulting in limited impact on confidentiality and integrity.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-10839"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T13:19:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirection vulnerability in the authentication system allows an attacker to use manipulated values in the X-Forwarded-Host header to alter the URLs generated by the application. A successful exploit could redirect authenticated users to malicious sites following login procedures or interaction with the interface, resulting in limited impact on confidentiality and integrity.",
"id": "GHSA-f2w7-fcqj-g66g",
"modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:45Z",
"published": "2026-06-17T18:35:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-10839"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/multiple-vulnerabilities-password-manager"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-F3G8-9XV5-77GV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-16 23:00 – Updated: 2026-05-11 13:29Summary
Saltcorn validates the post-login dest parameter with a string check that only blocks :/ and //. Because all WHATWG-compliant browsers normalise backslashes (\) to forward slashes (/) for special schemes, a payload such as /\evil.com/path slips through is_relative_url(), is emitted unchanged in the HTTP Location header, and causes the browser to navigate cross-origin to an attacker-controlled domain. The bug is reachable on a default install and only requires a victim who can be tricked into logging in via a crafted Saltcorn URL.
Details
Vulnerable function: packages/server/routes/utils.js:393-395
const is_relative_url = (url) => {
return typeof url === "string" && !url.includes(":/") && !url.includes("//");
};
The function's intent is to allow only same-origin redirects, but the allow-list only checks for two literal substrings. It does not handle:
- backslash characters, which WHATWG URL parsing (used by every modern browser) treats as forward slashes for the special schemes http, https, ftp, ws, wss. A URL parser fed /\evil.com/path with a base of http://victim/ resolves to http://evil.com/path.
- non-http(s): schemes that do not contain :/. The strings javascript:alert(1), data:text/html,..., vbscript:... all pass.
Vulnerable callsite: packages/server/auth/routes.js:1371-1376
} else if (
(req.body || {}).dest &&
is_relative_url(decodeURIComponent((req.body || {}).dest))
) {
res.redirect(decodeURIComponent((req.body || {}).dest));
} else res.redirect("/");
The body's dest is URL-decoded twice (once by body-parser, once by the explicit decodeURIComponent) and the same value is passed to res.redirect. Express 5's res.redirect runs the value through encodeurl@2.0.0, whose whitelist character class [^\x21\x23-\x3B\x3D\x3F-\x5F\x61-\x7A\x7C\x7E] includes \x5C (backslash). The backslash is therefore not percent-encoded and ends up verbatim in the Location response header.
PoC
Please extract the uploaded compressed file before proceeding 1. ./setup.sh 2. ./poc.sh
Impact
Any user who can be lured into clicking a Saltcorn login URL crafted by the attacker will, after submitting their valid credentials, be redirected to an attacker-controlled origin. The redirect happens under the trusted Saltcorn domain, so the user has no visual cue that they are about to leave the site. Realistic abuse patterns:
- Credential phishing — the attacker's site renders a forged "session expired, please log in again" prompt to capture the password the user just typed.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@saltcorn/server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.4.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@saltcorn/server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.5.0-beta.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.5.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@saltcorn/server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.6.0-alpha.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.6.0-beta.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42259"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-16T23:00:45Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-07T20:16:44Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nSaltcorn validates the post-login `dest` parameter with a string check that only blocks `:/` and `//`. Because all WHATWG-compliant browsers normalise backslashes (`\\`) to forward slashes (`/`) for special schemes, a payload such as `/\\evil.com/path` slips through `is_relative_url()`, is emitted unchanged in the HTTP `Location` header, and causes the browser to navigate cross-origin to an attacker-controlled domain. The bug is reachable on a default install and only requires a victim who can be tricked into logging in via a crafted Saltcorn URL.\n\n### Details\nVulnerable function: `packages/server/routes/utils.js:393-395`\n\n```js\nconst is_relative_url = (url) =\u003e {\n return typeof url === \"string\" \u0026\u0026 !url.includes(\":/\") \u0026\u0026 !url.includes(\"//\");\n};\n```\n\nThe function\u0027s intent is to allow only same-origin redirects, but the allow-list only checks for two literal substrings. It does not handle:\n- backslash characters, which WHATWG URL parsing (used by every modern browser) treats as forward slashes for the special schemes `http`, `https`, `ftp`, `ws`, `wss`. A URL parser fed `/\\evil.com/path` with a base of `http://victim/` resolves to `http://evil.com/path`.\n- non-`http(s):` schemes that do not contain `:/`. The strings `javascript:alert(1)`, `data:text/html,...`, `vbscript:...` all pass.\n\nVulnerable callsite: `packages/server/auth/routes.js:1371-1376`\n\n```js\n} else if (\n (req.body || {}).dest \u0026\u0026\n is_relative_url(decodeURIComponent((req.body || {}).dest))\n) {\n res.redirect(decodeURIComponent((req.body || {}).dest));\n} else res.redirect(\"/\");\n```\n\nThe body\u0027s `dest` is URL-decoded twice (once by body-parser, once by the explicit `decodeURIComponent`) and the same value is passed to `res.redirect`. Express 5\u0027s `res.redirect` runs the value through `encodeurl@2.0.0`, whose whitelist character class `[^\\x21\\x23-\\x3B\\x3D\\x3F-\\x5F\\x61-\\x7A\\x7C\\x7E]` includes `\\x5C` (backslash). The backslash is therefore not percent-encoded and ends up verbatim in the `Location` response header.\n\n### PoC\n[poc.zip](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/26678853/poc.zip)\n\nPlease extract the uploaded compressed file before proceeding\n1. ./setup.sh\n2. ./poc.sh\n\n\u003cimg width=\"419\" height=\"71\" alt=\"\u1109\u1173\u110f\u1173\u1105\u1175\u11ab\u1109\u1163\u11ba 2026-04-13 \u110b\u1169\u1112\u116e 11 44 36\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/9c919ed4-167b-47e3-9873-733f97b44bf0\" /\u003e\n\n### Impact\nAny user who can be lured into clicking a Saltcorn login URL crafted by the attacker will, after submitting their valid credentials, be redirected to an attacker-controlled origin. The redirect happens under the trusted Saltcorn domain, so the user has no visual cue that they are about to leave the site. Realistic abuse patterns:\n\n- Credential phishing \u2014 the attacker\u0027s site renders a forged \"session expired, please log in again\" prompt to capture the password the user just typed.",
"id": "GHSA-f3g8-9xv5-77gv",
"modified": "2026-05-11T13:29:07Z",
"published": "2026-04-16T23:00:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/saltcorn/saltcorn/security/advisories/GHSA-f3g8-9xv5-77gv"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42259"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/saltcorn/saltcorn"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Saltcorn: Open Redirect in `POST /auth/login` due to incomplete `is_relative_url` validation (backslash bypass)"
}
GHSA-F3JJ-8CHJ-C8M4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-09 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in GoodBarber GoodBarber. This issue affects GoodBarber: from n/a through 1.0.26.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-39523"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-09T17:15:45Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in GoodBarber GoodBarber. This issue affects GoodBarber: from n/a through 1.0.26.",
"id": "GHSA-f3jj-8chj-c8m4",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:07Z",
"published": "2025-09-09T18:31:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-39523"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/goodbarber/vulnerability/wordpress-goodbarber-1-0-26-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F3RF-CR7F-CWC4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-20 06:30 – Updated: 2025-07-29 12:23Open redirect vulnerability in the Countries Management’s edit region page in Liferay Portal 7.4.3.45 through 7.4.3.101, and Liferay DXP 2023.Q3 before patch 6, and 7.4 update 45 through 92 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary external URLs via the _com_liferay_address_web_internal_portlet_CountriesManagementAdminPortlet_redirect parameter.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.portal.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.4.3.45-ga45"
},
{
"fixed": "7.4.3.102-ga102"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2023.Q3"
},
{
"fixed": "2023.Q3.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.4.13.u45"
},
{
"last_affected": "7.4.13.u92"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-5190"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-29T12:23:26Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-20T06:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open redirect vulnerability in the Countries Management\u2019s edit region page in Liferay Portal 7.4.3.45 through 7.4.3.101, and Liferay DXP 2023.Q3 before patch 6, and 7.4 update 45 through 92 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary external URLs via the _com_liferay_address_web_internal_portlet_CountriesManagementAdminPortlet_redirect parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-f3rf-cr7f-cwc4",
"modified": "2025-07-29T12:23:26Z",
"published": "2024-02-20T06:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5190"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/liferay/liferay-portal/commit/26277c22498eb03bb192bbe9e5d2ee34d213780b"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/liferay/liferay-portal"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://liferay.dev/portal/security/known-vulnerabilities/-/asset_publisher/jekt/content/cve-2023-5190"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Liferay Portal and Liferay DXP Vulnerable to Open Redirect in Countries Management\u0027s Edit Region Page"
}
GHSA-F4F7-96RJ-QRP5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-16 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-20 00:00OpenAM Consortium Edition version 14.0.0 provided by OpenAM Consortium contains an open redirect vulnerability (CWE-601). When accessing an affected server through some specially crafted URL, the user may be redirected to an arbitrary website.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-31735"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-15T05:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "OpenAM Consortium Edition version 14.0.0 provided by OpenAM Consortium contains an open redirect vulnerability (CWE-601). When accessing an affected server through some specially crafted URL, the user may be redirected to an arbitrary website.",
"id": "GHSA-f4f7-96rj-qrp5",
"modified": "2022-09-20T00:00:29Z",
"published": "2022-09-16T00:00:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31735"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openam-jp/openam/issues/259"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/vu/JVNVU99326969"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F4GP-5RMP-P2PW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-19 21:32 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:33URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in Doofinder Doofinder WP & WooCommerce Search.This issue affects Doofinder WP & WooCommerce Search: from n/a through 1.5.49.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-40602"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-19T20:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in Doofinder Doofinder WP \u0026 WooCommerce Search.This issue affects Doofinder WP \u0026 WooCommerce Search: from n/a through 1.5.49.",
"id": "GHSA-f4gp-5rmp-p2pw",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:33:26Z",
"published": "2023-12-19T21:32:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40602"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/doofinder-for-woocommerce/wordpress-doofinder-for-woocommerce-plugin-1-5-49-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F4HQ-453J-P95F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-02-05 20:43 – Updated: 2022-05-26 20:40The package is an Express middleware that normalises routes by stripping any final slash, redirecting, for example, bookings/latest/ to bookings/latest. However, it does not validate the path it redirects to in any way. In particular, if the path starts with two slashes (or two backslashes, or a slash and a backslash, etc.) it may redirect to a different domain.
Consider the example from the docs. Assume we have run it and started a server on localhost:3000, then visiting localhost:3000///github.com/ redirects you to https://github.com.
Recommendation
This vulnerability is currently un-patched in the slashify package so there is no known safe version of this package. Discontinuing use of slashify is recommended.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "slashify"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-3189"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-02-05T20:42:47Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-19T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The package is an Express middleware that normalises routes by stripping any final slash, redirecting, for example, `bookings/latest/` to `bookings/latest`. However, it does not validate the path it redirects to in any way. In particular, if the path starts with two slashes (or two backslashes, or a slash and a backslash, etc.) it may redirect to a different domain.\n\nConsider the [example from the docs](https://www.npmjs.com/package/slashify#usage). Assume we have run it and started a server on `localhost:3000`, then visiting `localhost:3000///github.com/` redirects you to https://github.com.\n\n## Recommendation\n\nThis vulnerability is currently un-patched in the `slashify` package so there is no known safe version of this package. Discontinuing use of `slashify` is recommended.",
"id": "GHSA-f4hq-453j-p95f",
"modified": "2022-05-26T20:40:57Z",
"published": "2021-02-05T20:43:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3189"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/divshot/slashify"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210401-0004"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2020-199-open-redirect-slashify"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/slashify"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Open redirect in Slashify"
}
GHSA-F545-VPWP-R9J7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-03 20:41 – Updated: 2021-12-03 15:18showdoc is vulnerable to URL Redirection to Untrusted Site.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "showdoc/showdoc"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.9.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-3989"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-12-02T20:39:26Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-01T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "showdoc is vulnerable to URL Redirection to Untrusted Site.",
"id": "GHSA-f545-vpwp-r9j7",
"modified": "2021-12-03T15:18:14Z",
"published": "2021-12-03T20:41:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3989"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/star7th/showdoc/commit/335afc7ed6d6627c3d0434aa9acc168c77117614"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/star7th/showdoc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/ffc61eff-efea-42c5-92c2-e043fdf904d5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "showdoc is vulnerable to URL Redirection to Untrusted Site"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.