Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-522

Allowed-with-Review

Insufficiently Protected Credentials

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.

1817 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-JVR5-R663-QXGW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:15 – Updated: 2023-10-26 15:44
VLAI
Summary
Jenkins Sametime Plugin stores credentials in plain text
Details

Jenkins Sametime Plugin stores credentials unencrypted in its global configuration file hudson.plugins.sametime.im.transport.SametimePublisher.xml on the Jenkins controller. These credentials can be viewed by users with access to the Jenkins controller file system.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:sametime"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "0.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-10297"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-10-26T15:44:46Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-04-04T16:29:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Jenkins Sametime Plugin stores credentials unencrypted in its global configuration file `hudson.plugins.sametime.im.transport.SametimePublisher.xml` on the Jenkins controller. These credentials can be viewed by users with access to the Jenkins controller file system.",
  "id": "GHSA-jvr5-r663-qxgw",
  "modified": "2023-10-26T15:44:46Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:15:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10297"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jenkins.io/security/advisory/2019-04-03/#SECURITY-1090"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/04/12/2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Jenkins Sametime Plugin stores credentials in plain text"
}

GHSA-JW55-VF6X-JR62

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-14 18:30 – Updated: 2026-04-14 18:30
VLAI
Details

Insufficiently protected credentials in Azure Logic Apps allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-32171"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-14T18:17:19Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Insufficiently protected credentials in Azure Logic Apps allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.",
  "id": "GHSA-jw55-vf6x-jr62",
  "modified": "2026-04-14T18:30:41Z",
  "published": "2026-04-14T18:30:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32171"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-32171"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-JWQP-28GF-P498

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-10-06 17:46 – Updated: 2024-10-26 22:53
VLAI
Summary
Scrapy HTTP authentication credentials potentially leaked to target websites
Details

Impact

If you use HttpAuthMiddleware (i.e. the http_user and http_pass spider attributes) for HTTP authentication, all requests will expose your credentials to the request target.

This includes requests generated by Scrapy components, such as robots.txt requests sent by Scrapy when the ROBOTSTXT_OBEY setting is set to True, or as requests reached through redirects.

Patches

Upgrade to Scrapy 2.5.1 and use the new http_auth_domain spider attribute to control which domains are allowed to receive the configured HTTP authentication credentials.

If you are using Scrapy 1.8 or a lower version, and upgrading to Scrapy 2.5.1 is not an option, you may upgrade to Scrapy 1.8.1 instead.

Workarounds

If you cannot upgrade, set your HTTP authentication credentials on a per-request basis, using for example the w3lib.http.basic_auth_header function to convert your credentials into a value that you can assign to the Authorization header of your request, instead of defining your credentials globally using HttpAuthMiddleware.

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue * Email us

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "Scrapy"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.8.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "Scrapy"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.5.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-41125"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-10-06T17:32:00Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-10-06T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nIf you use [`HttpAuthMiddleware`](http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#module-scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth) (i.e. the `http_user` and `http_pass` spider attributes) for HTTP authentication, all requests will expose your credentials to the request target.\n\nThis includes requests generated by Scrapy components, such as `robots.txt` requests sent by Scrapy when the `ROBOTSTXT_OBEY` setting is set to `True`, or as requests reached through redirects.\n\n### Patches\n\nUpgrade to Scrapy 2.5.1 and use the new `http_auth_domain` spider attribute to control which domains are allowed to receive the configured HTTP authentication credentials.\n\nIf you are using Scrapy 1.8 or a lower version, and upgrading to Scrapy 2.5.1 is not an option, you may upgrade to Scrapy 1.8.1 instead.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nIf you cannot upgrade, set your HTTP authentication credentials on a per-request basis, using for example the [`w3lib.http.basic_auth_header`](https://w3lib.readthedocs.io/en/latest/w3lib.html#w3lib.http.basic_auth_header) function to convert your credentials into a value that you can assign to the `Authorization` header of your request, instead of defining your credentials globally using [`HttpAuthMiddleware`](http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#module-scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth).\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* [Open an issue](https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/issues)\n* [Email us](mailto:opensource@zyte.com)\n",
  "id": "GHSA-jwqp-28gf-p498",
  "modified": "2024-10-26T22:53:21Z",
  "published": "2021-10-06T17:46:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/security/advisories/GHSA-jwqp-28gf-p498"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-41125"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/commit/b01d69a1bf48060daec8f751368622352d8b85a6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/scrapy/PYSEC-2021-363.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/03/msg00021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://w3lib.readthedocs.io/en/latest/w3lib.html#w3lib.http.basic_auth_header"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#module-scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Scrapy HTTP authentication credentials potentially leaked to target websites "
}

GHSA-JXMW-3GXF-FPRH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-24 00:00 – Updated: 2022-11-29 21:44
VLAI
Summary
Improper masking of credentials Jenkins in Git Plugin
Details

Jenkins Git Plugin 4.11.4 and earlier does not properly mask (i.e., replace with asterisks) credentials in the build log provided by the Git Username and Password (gitUsernamePassword) credentials binding.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:git"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.11.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-38663"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-11-29T21:44:38Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-08-23T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Jenkins Git Plugin 4.11.4 and earlier does not properly mask (i.e., replace with asterisks) credentials in the build log provided by the Git Username and Password (`gitUsernamePassword`) credentials binding.",
  "id": "GHSA-jxmw-3gxf-fprh",
  "modified": "2022-11-29T21:44:38Z",
  "published": "2022-08-24T00:00:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38663"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/git-plugin/commit/3241db9cc696711c871d4e78b3c3c0daad0740c3"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/git-plugin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-08-23/#SECURITY-2796"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/08/23/2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Improper masking of credentials Jenkins in Git Plugin"
}

GHSA-JXWJ-QCCF-4896

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-09 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-05 20:02
VLAI
Summary
Jenkins IFTTT Build Notifier Plugin vulnerability exposes IFTTT Maker Channel Keys
Details

Jenkins IFTTT Build Notifier Plugin 1.2 and earlier stores IFTTT Maker Channel Keys unencrypted in job config.xml files on the Jenkins controller as part of its configuration.

These keys can be viewed by users with Item/Extended Read permission or access to the Jenkins controller file system.

As of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:ifttt-build-notifier"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-53662"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-256",
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-09T21:29:26Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-09T16:15:25Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Jenkins IFTTT Build Notifier Plugin 1.2 and earlier stores IFTTT Maker Channel Keys unencrypted in job `config.xml` files on the Jenkins controller as part of its configuration.\n\nThese keys can be viewed by users with Item/Extended Read permission or access to the Jenkins controller file system.\n\nAs of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.",
  "id": "GHSA-jxwj-qccf-4896",
  "modified": "2025-11-05T20:02:04Z",
  "published": "2025-07-09T18:30:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53662"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/ifttt-build-notifier-plugin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2025-07-09/#SECURITY-3541"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/07/09/4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Jenkins IFTTT Build Notifier Plugin vulnerability exposes IFTTT Maker Channel Keys"
}

GHSA-M223-3944-WHG7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-17 21:31 – Updated: 2024-10-17 21:31
VLAI
Details

The EWON FLEXY 202 transmits credentials using a weak encoding method base64. An attacker who is present in the network can sniff the traffic and decode the credentials.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-7755"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-17T19:15:25Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The EWON FLEXY 202 transmits credentials using a weak encoding method base64. An attacker who is present in the network can sniff the traffic and decode the credentials.",
  "id": "GHSA-m223-3944-whg7",
  "modified": "2024-10-17T21:31:32Z",
  "published": "2024-10-17T21:31:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-7755"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-24-291-04"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:H/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-M23V-GCXC-RQ79

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:40 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:40
VLAI
Details

The API in the Push extension for MediaWiki through 1.35 used cleartext for ApiPush credentials, allowing for potential information disclosure.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-29005"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-01-29T07:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The API in the Push extension for MediaWiki through 1.35 used cleartext for ApiPush credentials, allowing for potential information disclosure.",
  "id": "GHSA-m23v-gcxc-rq79",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:40:34Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:40:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-29005"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/Push/+/625988"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262724"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-M248-72RH-CPX4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-09 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-05 20:01
VLAI
Summary
Jenkins Dead Man's Snitch Plugin vulnerability does not mask tokens
Details

Jenkins Dead Man's Snitch Plugin 0.1 does not mask Dead Man's Snitch tokens displayed on the job configuration form, increasing the potential for attackers to observe and capture them.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:deadmanssnitch"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "0.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-53667"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-09T21:29:49Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-09T16:15:26Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Jenkins Dead Man\u0027s Snitch Plugin 0.1 does not mask Dead Man\u0027s Snitch tokens displayed on the job configuration form, increasing the potential for attackers to observe and capture them.",
  "id": "GHSA-m248-72rh-cpx4",
  "modified": "2025-11-05T20:01:34Z",
  "published": "2025-07-09T18:30:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53667"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/deadmanssnitch-plugin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2025-07-09/#SECURITY-3524"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/07/09/4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Jenkins Dead Man\u0027s Snitch Plugin vulnerability does not mask tokens"
}

GHSA-M2CQ-36CR-QCCV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:04 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:04
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in General Electric (GE) Proficy HMI/SCADA iFIX Version 5.8 SIM 13 and prior versions, Proficy HMI/SCADA CIMPLICITY Version 9.0 and prior versions, and Proficy Historian Version 6.0 and prior versions. An attacker may be able to retrieve user passwords if he or she has access to an authenticated session.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-9360"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-02-13T21:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in General Electric (GE) Proficy HMI/SCADA iFIX Version 5.8 SIM 13 and prior versions, Proficy HMI/SCADA CIMPLICITY Version 9.0 and prior versions, and Proficy Historian Version 6.0 and prior versions. An attacker may be able to retrieve user passwords if he or she has access to an authenticated session.",
  "id": "GHSA-m2cq-36cr-qccv",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:04:01Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:04:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-9360"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-16-336-05A"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95630"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037809"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-M2G3-PG3W-FRM3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-18 00:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:45
VLAI
Details

A password disclosure vulnerability in the Secure PDF eXchange (SPX) feature allows attackers with full email access to decrypt PDFs in Sophos Firewall version 19.5 MR3 (19.5.3) and older, if the password type is set to “Specified by sender”.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-5552"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-10-18T00:15:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A password disclosure vulnerability in the Secure PDF eXchange (SPX) feature allows attackers with full email access to decrypt PDFs in Sophos Firewall version 19.5 MR3 (19.5.3) and older, if the password type is set to \u201cSpecified by sender\u201d.",
  "id": "GHSA-m2g3-pg3w-frm3",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T08:45:33Z",
  "published": "2023-10-18T00:31:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5552"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.sophos.com/en-us/security-advisories/sophos-sa-20231017-spx-password"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use an appropriate security mechanism to protect the credentials.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Make appropriate use of cryptography to protect the credentials.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use industry standards to protect the credentials (e.g. LDAP, keystore, etc.).

CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking

Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.

CAPEC-474: Signature Spoofing by Key Theft

An attacker obtains an authoritative or reputable signer's private signature key by theft and then uses this key to forge signatures from the original signer to mislead a victim into performing actions that benefit the attacker.

CAPEC-50: Password Recovery Exploitation

An attacker may take advantage of the application feature to help users recover their forgotten passwords in order to gain access into the system with the same privileges as the original user. Generally password recovery schemes tend to be weak and insecure.

CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting

Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.

CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.

CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials

This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.

CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.

CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.

CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing

An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.

CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)

An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.

CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)

An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.

CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials

An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.

CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.