CWE-522
Allowed-with-ReviewInsufficiently Protected Credentials
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.
1810 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-G7J3-235H-9JVV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-17 09:31 – Updated: 2026-04-17 09:31Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability in Sparx Systems Pty Ltd. Sparx Enterprise Architect. Client reveals plaintext OAuth2 client secretDesktop client decodes the secret and uses the plaintext secret to exchange it into an access and id tokens as part of the OpenID authentication flow.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-15622"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-17T09:16:03Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insufficiently Protected Credentials vulnerability in Sparx Systems Pty Ltd. Sparx Enterprise Architect.\u00a0Client reveals plaintext OAuth2 client secretDesktop client decodes the secret and uses the plaintext secret to exchange it into an access and id tokens as part of the OpenID authentication flow.",
"id": "GHSA-g7j3-235h-9jvv",
"modified": "2026-04-17T09:31:19Z",
"published": "2026-04-17T09:31:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-15622"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sparxsystems.com/products/ea/17.1/history.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:H/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:P/AU:Y/R:X/V:C/RE:M/U:Red",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-G84F-CMC8-682C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-16 00:01 – Updated: 2022-12-01 23:40Jenkins Pipeline: Build Step Plugin 2.15 and earlier reveals password parameter default values when generating a pipeline script using the Pipeline Snippet Generator, allowing attackers with Item/Read permission to retrieve the default password parameter value from jobs.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:pipeline-build-step"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.15.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25184"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-01T23:40:03Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-15T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins Pipeline: Build Step Plugin 2.15 and earlier reveals password parameter default values when generating a pipeline script using the Pipeline Snippet Generator, allowing attackers with Item/Read permission to retrieve the default password parameter value from jobs.",
"id": "GHSA-g84f-cmc8-682c",
"modified": "2022-12-01T23:40:03Z",
"published": "2022-02-16T00:01:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25184"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/pipeline-build-step-plugin/commit/c06f65425fe9696d2237f591959dd4b5c6083fd9"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/pipeline-build-step-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-02-15/#SECURITY-2519"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Password parameter default values exposed by Jenkins Pipeline: Build Step Plugin"
}
GHSA-G8HH-GFGV-C2M8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:26 – Updated: 2024-02-14 18:30An issue was discovered on Nescomed Multipara Monitor M1000 devices. The physical UART debug port provides a shell, without requiring a password, with complete access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-15483"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306",
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-08-26T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on Nescomed Multipara Monitor M1000 devices. The physical UART debug port provides a shell, without requiring a password, with complete access.",
"id": "GHSA-g8hh-gfgv-c2m8",
"modified": "2024-02-14T18:30:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:26:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15483"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://payatu.com/advisory/unauthenticated-uart-root-shell--in-niscomed-patient-monitor"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.niscomed.com/multipara-monitor.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G8HR-M8MG-WMFP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-18 18:30 – Updated: 2024-11-18 18:30A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco SD-WAN vManage Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to read arbitrary files on the underlying filesystem of an affected system. This vulnerability is due to insufficient access control for sensitive information that is written to an affected system. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by accessing sensitive information that they are not authorized to access on an affected system. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to gain access to devices and other network management systems that they should not have access to.Cisco has released software updates that address this vulnerability. There are no workarounds that address this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1232"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-18T16:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco\u0026nbsp;SD-WAN vManage Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to read arbitrary files on the underlying filesystem of an affected system.\nThis vulnerability is due to insufficient access control for sensitive information that is written to an affected system. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by accessing sensitive information that they are not authorized to access on an affected system. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to gain access to devices and other network management systems that they should not have access to.Cisco\u0026nbsp;has released software updates that address this vulnerability. There are no workarounds that address this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-g8hr-m8mg-wmfp",
"modified": "2024-11-18T18:30:57Z",
"published": "2024-11-18T18:30:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1232"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-ipphone-rce-dos-U2PsSkz3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-sdwanvman-infodis1-YuQScHB"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-snort-ethernet-dos-HGXgJH8n"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-webex-distupd-N87eB6Z3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G8RX-2JMM-3847
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-16 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-16 15:31Insufficiently Protected Credentials in Sparx Systems Pty Ltd. Sparx Enterprise Architect. Client does not verify the receiver of OAuth2 credentials during OpenID authentication
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-15621"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-16T13:16:43Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insufficiently Protected Credentials in Sparx Systems Pty Ltd. Sparx Enterprise Architect. Client does not verify the receiver of OAuth2 credentials during OpenID authentication",
"id": "GHSA-g8rx-2jmm-3847",
"modified": "2026-04-16T15:31:32Z",
"published": "2026-04-16T15:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-15621"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sparxsystems.com/products/ea/17.1/history.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:H/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:P/AU:Y/R:X/V:C/RE:M/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-G99J-VFCP-3VMF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:26 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:26OpenStack Identity (Keystone) Folsom, Grizzly 2013.1.3 and earlier, and Havana before havana-3 does not properly revoke user tokens when a tenant is disabled, which allows remote authenticated users to retain access via the token.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-4222"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-09-30T22:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "OpenStack Identity (Keystone) Folsom, Grizzly 2013.1.3 and earlier, and Havana before havana-3 does not properly revoke user tokens when a tenant is disabled, which allows remote authenticated users to retain access via the token.",
"id": "GHSA-g99j-vfcp-3vmf",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:26:09Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:26:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-4222"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013:1524"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2013-4222"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.launchpad.net/ossn/+bug/1179955"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=995598"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2013-September/116489.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-1524.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2002-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-G9GR-WPGX-7W72
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:16 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:16In TestLink 1.9.20, a crafted login.php viewer parameter exposes cleartext credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-12273"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-04-27T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In TestLink 1.9.20, a crafted login.php viewer parameter exposes cleartext credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-g9gr-wpgx-7w72",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:16:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:16:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-12273"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TestLinkOpenSourceTRMS/testlink-code/commit/72271ef057e6e4a95c6128973902ea646f7b5462"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://mantis.testlink.org/view.php?id=8895"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-G9QV-25H9-WCVW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:39 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:01The Web server in 1C:Enterprise 8 before 8.3.17.1851 sends base64 encoded credentials in the creds URL parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-3131"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-01-13T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Web server in 1C:Enterprise 8 before 8.3.17.1851 sends base64 encoded credentials in the creds URL parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-g9qv-25h9-wcvw",
"modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:39:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3131"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jet-pentest/CVE-2021-3131"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GCW9-J843-4VFX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-14 00:30 – Updated: 2025-11-14 00:30IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM VIOS 3.1, and 4.1 stores NIM private keys used in NIM environments in an insecure way which is susceptible to unauthorized access by an attacker using man in the middle techniques.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-36096"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-13T22:15:50Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM VIOS 3.1, and 4.1 stores NIM private keys used in NIM environments in an insecure way which is susceptible to unauthorized access by an attacker using man in the middle techniques.",
"id": "GHSA-gcw9-j843-4vfx",
"modified": "2025-11-14T00:30:27Z",
"published": "2025-11-14T00:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-36096"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7251173"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GF9H-XGQF-WJRR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:09 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:09The Voatz application 2020-01-01 for Android allows only 100 million different PINs, which makes it easier for attackers (after using root access to make a copy of the local database) to discover login credentials and voting history via an offline brute-force approach.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-8988"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-522"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-02-13T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Voatz application 2020-01-01 for Android allows only 100 million different PINs, which makes it easier for attackers (after using root access to make a copy of the local database) to discover login credentials and voting history via an offline brute-force approach.",
"id": "GHSA-gf9h-xgqf-wjrr",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:09:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:09:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-8988"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.voatz.com/?p=1209"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://internetpolicy.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/SecurityAnalysisOfVoatz_Public.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Use an appropriate security mechanism to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Make appropriate use of cryptography to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Use industry standards to protect the credentials (e.g. LDAP, keystore, etc.).
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-474: Signature Spoofing by Key Theft
An attacker obtains an authoritative or reputable signer's private signature key by theft and then uses this key to forge signatures from the original signer to mislead a victim into performing actions that benefit the attacker.
CAPEC-50: Password Recovery Exploitation
An attacker may take advantage of the application feature to help users recover their forgotten passwords in order to gain access into the system with the same privileges as the original user. Generally password recovery schemes tend to be weak and insecure.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing
An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.