Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-502

Allowed

Deserialization of Untrusted Data

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently ensuring that the resulting data will be valid.

4832 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-Q6CQ-5QPF-Q237

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-16 18:31
VLAI
Details

Deserialization of untrusted data in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-58644"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T17:17:14Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Deserialization of untrusted data in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.",
  "id": "GHSA-q6cq-5qpf-q237",
  "modified": "2026-07-16T18:31:26Z",
  "published": "2026-07-14T18:32:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-58644"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-58644"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2026-58644"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-Q6MH-X2FX-6P4W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35
VLAI
Details

Unauthenticated PHP Object Injection in Nifty <= 1.4.1 versions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-27429"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T13:20:13Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Unauthenticated PHP Object Injection in Nifty \u003c= 1.4.1 versions.",
  "id": "GHSA-q6mh-x2fx-6p4w",
  "modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:48Z",
  "published": "2026-06-17T18:35:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27429"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/theme/nifty/vulnerability/wordpress-nifty-theme-1-4-1-php-object-injection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-Q79Q-94J7-5MGG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:09 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:09
VLAI
Details

Dozer improperly uses a reflection-based approach to type conversion, which might allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted serialized object.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2014-9515"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-12-29T22:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Dozer improperly uses a reflection-based approach to type conversion, which might allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted serialized object.",
  "id": "GHSA-q79q-94j7-5mgg",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:09:34Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:09:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-9515"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/DozerMapper/dozer/issues/217"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/DozerMapper/dozer/issues/410"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/DozerMapper/dozer/issues/786"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/DozerMapper/dozer/pull/447/commits/ccd550696f3df8545319ffa9c6adafc8eca2334c"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pentestingforfunandprofit/research/tree/master/dozer-rce"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://infocon.org/cons/SyScan/SyScan%202015%20Singapore/SyScan%202015%20Singapore%20presentations/SyScan15%20David%20Jorm%20-%20Finding%20and%20exploiting%20novel%20flaws%20in%20Java%20software.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/107970"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-Q7JM-WP7H-JX6H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-20 12:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:33
VLAI
Details

The ravpage plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to PHP Object Injection in all versions up to, and including, 2.31 via deserialization of untrusted input from the 'paramsv2' parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to inject a PHP Object. No known POP chain is present in the vulnerable software, which means this vulnerability has no impact unless another plugin or theme containing a POP chain is installed on the site. If a POP chain is present via an additional plugin or theme installed on the target system, it may allow the attacker to perform actions like delete arbitrary files, retrieve sensitive data, or execute code depending on the POP chain present.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-13789"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-20T10:15:10Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The ravpage plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to PHP Object Injection in all versions up to, and including, 2.31 via deserialization of untrusted input from the \u0027paramsv2\u0027 parameter. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to inject a PHP Object. No known POP chain is present in the vulnerable software, which means this vulnerability has no impact unless another plugin or theme containing a POP chain is installed on the site. If a POP chain is present via an additional plugin or theme installed on the target system, it may allow the attacker to perform actions like delete arbitrary files, retrieve sensitive data, or execute code depending on the POP chain present.",
  "id": "GHSA-q7jm-wp7h-jx6h",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T18:33:49Z",
  "published": "2025-02-20T12:31:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13789"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/ravpage/trunk/ravpage.php#L24"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3258935"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5e0bcf70-2ffc-45c8-b63e-a8376b6cd22b?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-Q7M5-XQ5P-7JQ4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-05 12:31 – Updated: 2025-03-05 12:31
VLAI
Details

The WooCommerce Recover Abandoned Cart plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to PHP Object Injection in all versions up to, and including, 24.3.0 via deserialization of untrusted input from the 'raccookie_guest_email' cookie. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to inject a PHP Object. No known POP chain is present in the vulnerable software, which means this vulnerability has no impact unless another plugin or theme containing a POP chain is installed on the site. If a POP chain is present via an additional plugin or theme installed on the target system, it may allow the attacker to perform actions like delete arbitrary files, retrieve sensitive data, or execute code depending on the POP chain present.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-0956"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-05T10:15:19Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The WooCommerce Recover Abandoned Cart plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to PHP Object Injection in all versions up to, and including, 24.3.0 via deserialization of untrusted input from the \u0027raccookie_guest_email\u0027 cookie. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to inject a PHP Object. No known POP chain is present in the vulnerable software, which means this vulnerability has no impact unless another plugin or theme containing a POP chain is installed on the site. If a POP chain is present via an additional plugin or theme installed on the target system, it may allow the attacker to perform actions like delete arbitrary files, retrieve sensitive data, or execute code depending on the POP chain present.",
  "id": "GHSA-q7m5-xq5p-7jq4",
  "modified": "2025-03-05T12:31:12Z",
  "published": "2025-03-05T12:31:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0956"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://codecanyon.net/item/woocommerce-recover-abandoned-cart/7715167"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/067c974c-b3bb-4f06-8f7c-3963112c40d2?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-Q7PF-QR96-2VQ5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2018-10-19 16:46 – Updated: 2022-09-14 19:14
VLAI
Summary
Deserialization of Untrusted Data in swagger-parser
Details

A vulnerability in Swagger-Parser's (version <= 1.0.30) yaml parsing functionality results in arbitrary code being executed when a maliciously crafted yaml Open-API specification is parsed. This in particular, affects the 'generate' and 'validate' command in swagger-codegen (<= 2.2.2) and can lead to arbitrary code being executed when these commands are used on a well-crafted yaml specification.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.swagger:swagger-codegen"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.2.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.swagger:swagger-parser"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.0.31"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-1000208"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:51:22Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in Swagger-Parser\u0027s (version \u003c= 1.0.30) yaml parsing functionality results in arbitrary code being executed when a maliciously crafted yaml Open-API specification is parsed. This in particular, affects the \u0027generate\u0027 and \u0027validate\u0027 command in swagger-codegen (\u003c= 2.2.2) and can lead to arbitrary code being executed when these commands are used on a well-crafted yaml specification.",
  "id": "GHSA-q7pf-qr96-2vq5",
  "modified": "2022-09-14T19:14:55Z",
  "published": "2018-10-19T16:46:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1000208"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-q7pf-qr96-2vq5"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-parser"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-parser/releases/tag/v1.0.31"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lgtm.com/blog/swagger_snakeyaml_CVE-2017-1000207_CVE-2017-1000208"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Deserialization of Untrusted Data in swagger-parser"
}

GHSA-Q7RH-Q727-H4MW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-17 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34
VLAI
Details

Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in ssvadim SS Quiz allows Object Injection. This issue affects SS Quiz: from n/a through 2.0.5.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-27287"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-17T16:15:35Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in ssvadim SS Quiz allows Object Injection. This issue affects SS Quiz: from n/a through 2.0.5.",
  "id": "GHSA-q7rh-q727-h4mw",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:47Z",
  "published": "2025-04-17T18:31:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27287"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/ssquiz/vulnerability/wordpress-ss-quiz-plugin-2-0-5-php-object-injection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-Q857-VPGQ-596J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-10 09:30 – Updated: 2025-12-10 09:30
VLAI
Details

A remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability exists in Google Cloud Data Fusion. A user with permissions to upload artifacts to a Data Fusion instance can execute arbitrary code within the core AppFabric component. This could allow the attacker to gain control over the Data Fusion instance, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive data, modification of data pipelines, and exploration of the underlying infrastructure.

The following CDAP versions include the necessary update to protect against this vulnerability: * 6.10.6+ * 6.11.1+

Users must immediately upgrade to them, or greater ones, available at: https://github.com/cdapio/cdap-build/releases .

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-9571"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-10T07:15:57Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability exists in Google Cloud Data Fusion.\nA user with permissions to upload artifacts to a Data Fusion instance can execute arbitrary code within the core AppFabric component. \nThis could allow the attacker to gain control over the Data Fusion instance, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive data, modification of data pipelines, and exploration of the underlying infrastructure.\n\nThe following CDAP versions include the necessary update to protect against this vulnerability:  *   6.10.6+\n  *  6.11.1+\n\n\n\n\u00a0Users must immediately\u00a0upgrade to them, or greater ones, available at:  https://github.com/cdapio/cdap-build/releases .",
  "id": "GHSA-q857-vpgq-596j",
  "modified": "2025-12-10T09:30:24Z",
  "published": "2025-12-10T09:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9571"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.cloud.google.com/support/bulletins#gcp-2025-076"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:Red",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-Q88Q-7PP2-Q72V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-18 06:30 – Updated: 2025-09-22 18:30
VLAI
Details

The Ninja Forms WordPress plugin before 3.11.1 unserializes user input via form field, which could allow Unauthenticated users to perform PHP Object Injection when a suitable gadget is present on the blog.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-9083"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-18T06:15:35Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The Ninja Forms  WordPress plugin before 3.11.1 unserializes user input via form field, which could allow Unauthenticated users to perform PHP Object Injection when a suitable gadget is present on the blog.",
  "id": "GHSA-q88q-7pp2-q72v",
  "modified": "2025-09-22T18:30:34Z",
  "published": "2025-09-18T06:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9083"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/60b4d7fc-5d23-4dcf-bd7f-e202cabc2625"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-Q897-9JXF-JG9R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-09-10 17:56 – Updated: 2021-09-20 20:18
VLAI
Summary
Security check skip in Apache Dubbo
Details

The Dubbo Provider will check the incoming request and the corresponding serialization type of this request meet the configuration set by the server. But there's an exception that the attacker can use to skip the security check (when enabled) and reaching a deserialization operation with native java serialization. Apache Dubbo 2.7.13, 3.0.2 fixed this issue by quickly fail when any unrecognized request was found.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.dubbo:dubbo"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.7.13"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.dubbo:dubbo"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.0.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-37579"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-09-10T16:49:29Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-09-09T08:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The Dubbo Provider will check the incoming request and the corresponding serialization type of this request meet the configuration set by the server. But there\u0027s an exception that the attacker can use to skip the security check (when enabled) and reaching a deserialization operation with native java serialization. Apache Dubbo 2.7.13, 3.0.2 fixed this issue by quickly fail when any unrecognized request was found.",
  "id": "GHSA-q897-9jxf-jg9r",
  "modified": "2021-09-20T20:18:29Z",
  "published": "2021-09-10T17:56:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-37579"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/dubbo"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r898afa109cdbb4b79724308648ff0718152ebe1d3d6dfc7202d958bc%40%3Cdev.dubbo.apache.org%3E"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Security check skip in Apache Dubbo"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

If available, use the signing/sealing features of the programming language to assure that deserialized data has not been tainted. For example, a hash-based message authentication code (HMAC) could be used to ensure that data has not been modified.

Mitigation
Implementation

When deserializing data, populate a new object rather than just deserializing. The result is that the data flows through safe input validation and that the functions are safe.

Mitigation
Implementation

Explicitly define a final object() to prevent deserialization.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation
  • Make fields transient to protect them from deserialization.
  • An attempt to serialize and then deserialize a class containing transient fields will result in NULLs where the transient data should be. This is an excellent way to prevent time, environment-based, or sensitive variables from being carried over and used improperly.
Mitigation
Implementation

Avoid having unnecessary types or gadgets (a sequence of instances and method invocations that can self-execute during the deserialization process, often found in libraries) available that can be leveraged for malicious ends. This limits the potential for unintended or unauthorized types and gadgets to be leveraged by the attacker. Add only acceptable classes to an allowlist. Note: new gadgets are constantly being discovered, so this alone is not a sufficient mitigation.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Employ cryptography of the data or code for protection. However, it's important to note that it would still be client-side security. This is risky because if the client is compromised then the security implemented on the client (the cryptography) can be bypassed.

Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

CAPEC-586: Object Injection

An adversary attempts to exploit an application by injecting additional, malicious content during its processing of serialized objects. Developers leverage serialization in order to convert data or state into a static, binary format for saving to disk or transferring over a network. These objects are then deserialized when needed to recover the data/state. By injecting a malformed object into a vulnerable application, an adversary can potentially compromise the application by manipulating the deserialization process. This can result in a number of unwanted outcomes, including remote code execution.