Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-497

Allowed

Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The product does not properly prevent sensitive system-level information from being accessed by unauthorized actors who do not have the same level of access to the underlying system as the product does.

669 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-FJM8-MGC9-MF65

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-24 00:31 – Updated: 2026-05-04 21:52
VLAI
Summary
Duplicate Advisory: OpenClaw Has a Gateway Control Interface Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Details

Duplicate Advisory

This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-hr8g-2q7x-3f4w. This link is maintained to preserve external references.

Original Description

OpenClaw before 2026.3.31 contains an information disclosure vulnerability in the Control Interface bootstrap JSON that exposes version and assistant agent identifiers. Attackers can extract sensitive fingerprinting information from the Control UI bootstrap payload to identify system versions and agent configurations.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.3.31"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-04T21:52:06Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-23T22:16:39Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-hr8g-2q7x-3f4w. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n### Original Description\nOpenClaw before 2026.3.31 contains an information disclosure vulnerability in the Control Interface bootstrap JSON that exposes version and assistant agent identifiers. Attackers can extract sensitive fingerprinting information from the Control UI bootstrap payload to identify system versions and agent configurations.",
  "id": "GHSA-fjm8-mgc9-mf65",
  "modified": "2026-05-04T21:52:06Z",
  "published": "2026-04-24T00:31:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-hr8g-2q7x-3f4w"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41335"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/c5c10adc022f42eb75ebb3bf364dd607738683b3"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-information-disclosure-via-control-ui-bootstrap-json"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Duplicate Advisory: OpenClaw Has a Gateway Control Interface Information Disclosure Vulnerability",
  "withdrawn": "2026-05-04T21:52:06Z"
}

GHSA-FM8C-G4FR-MJ3J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-12 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:25
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS software enables an authenticated administrator to expose the plaintext values of secrets stored in the device configuration and encrypted API keys.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-0005"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-312",
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-12T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS software enables an authenticated administrator to expose the plaintext values of secrets stored in the device configuration and encrypted API keys.",
  "id": "GHSA-fm8c-g4fr-mj3j",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T03:25:28Z",
  "published": "2023-04-12T18:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0005"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2023-0005"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FM9C-4H23-GFGM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-16 15:32 – Updated: 2026-06-01 15:30
VLAI
Details

Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in Vegagrup Software Vega Master allows Directory Indexing.This issue affects Vega Master: from v.1.12.35 through 20250916. 

NOTE: The vendor did not inform about the completion of the fixing process within the specified time. The CVE will be updated when new information becomes available.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-12367"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-16T08:15:39Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in Vegagrup Software Vega Master allows Directory Indexing.This issue affects Vega Master: from v.1.12.35 through 20250916.\u00a0\n\nNOTE: The vendor did not inform about the completion of the fixing process within the specified time. The CVE will be updated when new information becomes available.",
  "id": "GHSA-fm9c-4h23-gfgm",
  "modified": "2026-06-01T15:30:33Z",
  "published": "2025-09-16T15:32:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-12367"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-25-0249"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0249"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FP58-HRM7-M9P5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-17 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34
VLAI
Details

Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in Markus Drubba wpLike2Get allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data. This issue affects wpLike2Get: from n/a through 1.2.9.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-39439"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-17T16:15:54Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in Markus Drubba wpLike2Get allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data. This issue affects wpLike2Get: from n/a through 1.2.9.",
  "id": "GHSA-fp58-hrm7-m9p5",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:52Z",
  "published": "2025-04-17T18:31:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-39439"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/wplike2get/vulnerability/wordpress-wplike2get-plugin-1-2-9-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FR79-FJ3V-59WF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-26 15:31 – Updated: 2025-08-26 15:31
VLAI
Details

MacVim's configuration on macOS, specifically the presence of entitlement "com.apple.security.get-task-allow", allows local attackers with unprivileged access (e.g. via a malicious application) to attach a debugger, read or modify the process memory, inject code in the application's context despite being signed with Hardened Runtime and bypass Transparency, Consent, and Control (TCC). Acquired resource access is limited to previously granted permissions by the user. Access to other resources beyond granted permissions requires user interaction with a system prompt asking for permission.

According to Apple documentation, when a non-root user runs an app with the debugging tool entitlement, the system presents an authorization dialog asking for a system administrator's credentials. Since there is no prompt when the target process has "get-task-allow" entitlement, the presence of this entitlement was decided to be treated as a vulnerability because it removes one step needed to perform an attack.

This issue was fixed in build r181.2

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-8597"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-26T13:15:33Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "MacVim\u0027s configuration on macOS, specifically the presence of entitlement \"com.apple.security.get-task-allow\", allows local attackers with unprivileged access (e.g. via a malicious application) to attach a debugger, read or modify the process memory, inject code in the application\u0027s context despite being signed with Hardened Runtime and bypass Transparency, Consent, and Control (TCC). Acquired resource access is limited to previously granted permissions by the user. Access to other resources beyond granted permissions requires user interaction with a system prompt asking for permission.\n\nAccording to Apple documentation, when a non-root user runs an app with the debugging tool entitlement, the system presents an authorization dialog asking for a system administrator\u0027s credentials. Since there is no prompt when the target process has \"get-task-allow\" entitlement, the presence of this entitlement was decided to be treated as a vulnerability because it removes one step needed to perform an attack.\n\n\nThis issue was fixed in build r181.2",
  "id": "GHSA-fr79-fj3v-59wf",
  "modified": "2025-08-26T15:31:01Z",
  "published": "2025-08-26T15:31:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8597"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/macvim-dev/macvim/pull/1585"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert.pl/en/posts/2025/08/tcc-bypass"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FRXP-HX27-J39R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-22 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36
VLAI
Details

Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in Darren Cooney Ajax Load More allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data. This issue affects Ajax Load More: from n/a through 7.6.0.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-59582"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-22T19:16:26Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in Darren Cooney Ajax Load More allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data. This issue affects Ajax Load More: from n/a through 7.6.0.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-frxp-hx27-j39r",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:20Z",
  "published": "2025-09-22T21:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59582"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/ajax-load-more/vulnerability/wordpress-ajax-load-more-plugin-7-6-0-2-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FVJJ-M9J7-F83V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-21 06:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35
VLAI
Details

Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in ProveSource LTD ProveSource Social Proof allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects ProveSource Social Proof: from n/a through 3.0.5.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-48355"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-21T04:15:51Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in ProveSource LTD ProveSource Social Proof allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects ProveSource Social Proof: from n/a through 3.0.5.",
  "id": "GHSA-fvjj-m9j7-f83v",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:57Z",
  "published": "2025-08-21T06:30:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48355"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/provesource/vulnerability/wordpress-provesource-social-proof-plugin-3-0-5-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-G27H-3X9V-XXQQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-06 09:30 – Updated: 2026-07-06 09:30
VLAI
Details

Prog Management System developed by PROG MIS has a Exposure of Sensitive Information vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to view a specific page and obtain the database account and password.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-14808"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-06T08:16:36Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Prog\n  Management System developed by PROG MIS has a Exposure of Sensitive\n  Information vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to view\n  a specific page and obtain the database account and password.",
  "id": "GHSA-g27h-3x9v-xxqq",
  "modified": "2026-07-06T09:30:28Z",
  "published": "2026-07-06T09:30:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-14808"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-11026-3df18-2.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-11025-fa1d9-1.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-G35C-VGP7-F8QM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-22 21:32 – Updated: 2026-04-24 21:31
VLAI
Details

Xerte Online Toolkits versions 3.15 and earlier contain a missing authentication vulnerability in the elFinder connector endpoint at /editor/elfinder/php/connector.php where an HTTP redirect to unauthenticated callers does not call exit() or die(), allowing PHP execution to continue and process the full request server-side. Unauthenticated attackers can perform file operations on project media directories including creating directories, uploading files, renaming files, duplicating files, overwriting files, and deleting files, which can be chained with path traversal and extension blocklist vulnerabilities to achieve remote code execution and arbitrary file read.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-34413"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-22T19:17:02Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Xerte Online Toolkits versions 3.15 and earlier contain a missing authentication vulnerability in the elFinder connector endpoint at /editor/elfinder/php/connector.php where an HTTP redirect to unauthenticated callers does not call exit() or die(), allowing PHP execution to continue and process the full request server-side. Unauthenticated attackers can perform file operations on project media directories including creating directories, uploading files, renaming files, duplicating files, overwriting files, and deleting files, which can be chained with path traversal and extension blocklist vulnerabilities to achieve remote code execution and arbitrary file read.",
  "id": "GHSA-g35c-vgp7-f8qm",
  "modified": "2026-04-24T21:31:59Z",
  "published": "2026-04-22T21:32:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34413"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/thexerteproject/xerteonlinetoolkits/issues/1527"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/thexerteproject/xerteonlinetoolkits/commit/02661be88cc369325ea01b508086bde7fbfec805"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/thexerteproject/xerteonlinetoolkits/commit/17e4f945fe6a3400fa88c01eda18c1075ee4a212"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/thexerteproject/xerteonlinetoolkits/commit/507d55c5e91bf9310b5b1c7fad8aebfef902ad23"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bootstrapbool/xerteonlinetoolkits-rce"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/xerte-online-toolkits-missing-authentication-via-connector-php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://xerte.org.uk/index.php/en/downloads-1/category/3-xerte-online-toolkits"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://xerte.org.uk/xertetoolkits_3.15_ChangeLog.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-G3Q3-498C-HPHC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-14 06:31 – Updated: 2025-11-14 06:31
VLAI
Details

IQ-Support developed by IQ Service International has a Exposure of Sensitive Information vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to access specific APIs to obtain sensitive information from the internal network.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-13160"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-14T04:15:54Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IQ-Support developed by IQ Service International has a Exposure of Sensitive Information vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to access specific APIs to obtain sensitive information from the internal network.",
  "id": "GHSA-g3q3-498c-hphc",
  "modified": "2025-11-14T06:31:16Z",
  "published": "2025-11-14T06:31:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13160"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-10502-11c6d-2.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-10501-a25a6-1.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Production applications should never use methods that generate internal details such as stack traces and error messages unless that information is directly committed to a log that is not viewable by the end user. All error message text should be HTML entity encoded before being written to the log file to protect against potential cross-site scripting attacks against the viewer of the logs

CAPEC-170: Web Application Fingerprinting

An attacker sends a series of probes to a web application in order to elicit version-dependent and type-dependent behavior that assists in identifying the target. An attacker could learn information such as software versions, error pages, and response headers, variations in implementations of the HTTP protocol, directory structures, and other similar information about the targeted service. This information can then be used by an attacker to formulate a targeted attack plan. While web application fingerprinting is not intended to be damaging (although certain activities, such as network scans, can sometimes cause disruptions to vulnerable applications inadvertently) it may often pave the way for more damaging attacks.

CAPEC-694: System Location Discovery

An adversary collects information about the target system in an attempt to identify the system's geographical location.

Information gathered could include keyboard layout, system language, and timezone. This information may benefit an adversary in confirming the desired target and/or tailoring further attacks.