Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-497

Allowed

Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The product does not properly prevent sensitive system-level information from being accessed by unauthorized actors who do not have the same level of access to the underlying system as the product does.

669 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-8PG3-RMR8-CHXP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-08 09:31 – Updated: 2026-04-14 18:30
VLAI
Details

Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in magepeopleteam Bus Ticket Booking with Seat Reservation bus-ticket-booking-with-seat-reservation allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects Bus Ticket Booking with Seat Reservation: from n/a through < 5.6.5.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-39572"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-08T09:16:28Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in magepeopleteam Bus Ticket Booking with Seat Reservation bus-ticket-booking-with-seat-reservation allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects Bus Ticket Booking with Seat Reservation: from n/a through \u003c 5.6.5.",
  "id": "GHSA-8pg3-rmr8-chxp",
  "modified": "2026-04-14T18:30:29Z",
  "published": "2026-04-08T09:31:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-39572"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/bus-ticket-booking-with-seat-reservation/vulnerability/wordpress-bus-ticket-booking-with-seat-reservation-plugin-5-6-5-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-8PMX-FCF9-J3XP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-22 15:31 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:31
VLAI
Details

Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in Stylemix MasterStudy LMS masterstudy-lms-learning-management-system allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects MasterStudy LMS: from n/a through <= 3.6.20.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-59575"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-22T15:15:55Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in Stylemix MasterStudy LMS masterstudy-lms-learning-management-system allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects MasterStudy LMS: from n/a through \u003c= 3.6.20.",
  "id": "GHSA-8pmx-fcf9-j3xp",
  "modified": "2026-01-20T15:31:29Z",
  "published": "2025-10-22T15:31:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59575"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/masterstudy-lms-learning-management-system/vulnerability/wordpress-masterstudy-lms-plugin-3-6-20-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/masterstudy-lms-learning-management-system/vulnerability/wordpress-masterstudy-lms-plugin-3-6-20-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/masterstudy-lms-learning-management-system/vulnerability/wordpress-masterstudy-lms-plugin-3-6-20-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-8Q4M-8M4V-C2RM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-11 15:31 – Updated: 2024-12-11 15:31
VLAI
Details

IBM InfoSphere DataStage Flow Designer (InfoSphere Information Server 11.7) could allow an authenticated user to obtain sensitive information that could aid in further attacks against the system.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-23472"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-11T13:15:05Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "IBM InfoSphere DataStage Flow Designer (InfoSphere Information Server 11.7) could allow an authenticated user to obtain sensitive information that could aid in further attacks against the system.",
  "id": "GHSA-8q4m-8m4v-c2rm",
  "modified": "2024-12-11T15:31:16Z",
  "published": "2024-12-11T15:31:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-23472"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6988167"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-8RHW-HQ84-RCQ7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-08 00:31 – Updated: 2026-05-08 00:31
VLAI
Details

Vvveb before 1.0.8.2 contains an information disclosure vulnerability in the cron controller that allows unauthenticated attackers to retrieve the application's secret cron key. Attackers can access the cron controller without authentication and retrieve the exposed secret key from the response, enabling them to trigger scheduled task execution outside of the intended schedule.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-41928"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-07T22:16:35Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Vvveb before 1.0.8.2 contains an information disclosure vulnerability in the cron controller that allows unauthenticated attackers to retrieve the application\u0027s secret cron key. Attackers can access the cron controller without authentication and retrieve the exposed secret key from the response, enabling them to trigger scheduled task execution outside of the intended schedule.",
  "id": "GHSA-8rhw-hq84-rcq7",
  "modified": "2026-05-08T00:31:34Z",
  "published": "2026-05-08T00:31:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41928"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/givanz/Vvveb/commit/517bc09faf44136e72de391aacc8b90a706f7ae7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vvveb-information-disclosure-via-cron-controller"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-925W-6V3X-G4J4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-11 22:36 – Updated: 2025-12-11 22:36
VLAI
Summary
Source Code Exposure Vulnerability in React Server Components
Details

Impact

There is a source code exposure vulnerability in React Server Components.

React recommends updating immediately.

The vulnerability exists in versions 19.0.0, 19.0.1 19.1.0, 19.1.1, 19.1.2, 19.2.0 and 19.2.1 of:

These issues are present in the patches published last week.

Patches

Fixes were back ported to versions 19.0.2, 19.1.3, and 19.2.2.

If you are using any of the above packages please upgrade to any of the fixed versions immediately.

If your app’s React code does not use a server, your app is not affected by this vulnerability. If your app does not use a framework, bundler, or bundler plugin that supports React Server Components, your app is not affected by this vulnerability.

References

See the blog post for more information and upgrade instructions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "react-server-dom-parcel"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "19.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "19.0.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "react-server-dom-turbopack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "19.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "19.0.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "react-server-dom-webpack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "19.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "19.0.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "react-server-dom-parcel"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "19.1.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "19.1.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "react-server-dom-parcel"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "19.2.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "19.2.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "react-server-dom-turbopack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "19.1.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "19.1.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "react-server-dom-turbopack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "19.2.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "19.2.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "react-server-dom-webpack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "19.1.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "19.1.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "react-server-dom-webpack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "19.2.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "19.2.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-55183"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497",
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-11T22:36:08Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-11T20:16:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Impact\n\nThere is a source code exposure vulnerability in React Server Components.\n\nReact recommends updating immediately.\n\nThe vulnerability exists in versions 19.0.0, 19.0.1 19.1.0, 19.1.1, 19.1.2, 19.2.0 and 19.2.1 of:\n\n- [react-server-dom-webpack](https://www.npmjs.com/package/react-server-dom-webpack)\n- [react-server-dom-parcel](https://www.npmjs.com/package/react-server-dom-parcel)\n- [react-server-dom-turbopack](https://www.npmjs.com/package/react-server-dom-turbopack?activeTab=readme)\n\nThese issues are present in the patches published last week.\n\n## Patches\n\nFixes were back ported to versions 19.0.2, 19.1.3, and 19.2.2. \n\nIf you are using any of the above packages please upgrade to any of the fixed versions immediately.\n\nIf your app\u2019s React code does not use a server, your app is not affected by this vulnerability. If your app does not use a framework, bundler, or bundler plugin that supports React Server Components, your app is not affected by this vulnerability.\n\n## References\n\nSee the [blog post](https://react.dev/blog/2025/12/11/denial-of-service-and-source-code-exposure-in-react-server-components) for more information and upgrade instructions.",
  "id": "GHSA-925w-6v3x-g4j4",
  "modified": "2025-12-11T22:36:08Z",
  "published": "2025-12-11T22:36:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/facebook/react/security/advisories/GHSA-925w-6v3x-g4j4"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55183"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/facebook/react"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://react.dev/blog/2025/12/11/denial-of-service-and-source-code-exposure-in-react-server-components"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.facebook.com/security/advisories/cve-2025-55183"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Source Code Exposure Vulnerability in React Server Components"
}

GHSA-92H8-VFMH-W3CJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-15 03:30 – Updated: 2024-07-15 03:30
VLAI
Details

IBM Datacap Navigator 9.1.5, 9.1.6, 9.1.7, 9.1.8, and 9.1.9 displays version information in HTTP requests that could allow an attacker to gather information for future attacks against the system. IBM X-Force ID: 296009.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-39740"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-15T03:15:02Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM Datacap Navigator 9.1.5, 9.1.6, 9.1.7, 9.1.8, and 9.1.9 displays version information in HTTP requests that could allow an attacker to gather information for future attacks against the system.  IBM X-Force ID:  296009.",
  "id": "GHSA-92h8-vfmh-w3cj",
  "modified": "2024-07-15T03:30:58Z",
  "published": "2024-07-15T03:30:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39740"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/296009"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7160185"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9559-R2Q8-77Q4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-05 18:32 – Updated: 2025-03-05 18:32
VLAI
Details

Carbon Black Cloud Windows Sensor, prior to 4.0.3, may be susceptible to an Information Leak vulnerability, which s a type of issue whereby sensitive information may b exposed due to a vulnerability in software.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-11035"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-05T17:15:13Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Carbon Black Cloud Windows Sensor, prior to 4.0.3, may be susceptible to an Information Leak vulnerability, which s a type of issue whereby sensitive information may b exposed due to a vulnerability in software.",
  "id": "GHSA-9559-r2q8-77q4",
  "modified": "2025-03-05T18:32:09Z",
  "published": "2025-03-05T18:32:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-11035"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/25472"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9598-VP7G-3348

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-11 09:30 – Updated: 2026-03-26 18:31
VLAI
Details

Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Microcom ZeusWeb allows Web Application Fingerprinting of sensitive data. This issue affects ZeusWeb: 6.1.31.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-13651"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-11T09:15:50Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Microcom ZeusWeb allows Web Application Fingerprinting of sensitive data. This issue affects ZeusWeb: 6.1.31.",
  "id": "GHSA-9598-vp7g-3348",
  "modified": "2026-03-26T18:31:27Z",
  "published": "2026-02-11T09:30:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13651"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.hackrtu.com/blog/CNA-CVE-2025-13651"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.hackrtu.com/blog/CNA-HRTU-0001"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.microcom360.com/servicio-zeus-web"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://zeus.microcom.es:4040"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-96F5-9X27-7HHH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-13 15:37 – Updated: 2026-01-15 12:30
VLAI
Details

Clickjacking issue, information disclosure in the PDF Viewer component. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 147 and Firefox ESR < 140.7.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-0887"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-13T14:16:39Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Clickjacking issue, information disclosure in the PDF Viewer component. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 147 and Firefox ESR \u003c 140.7.",
  "id": "GHSA-96f5-9x27-7hhh",
  "modified": "2026-01-15T12:30:26Z",
  "published": "2026-01-13T15:37:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0887"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2006500"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-03"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-04"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-05"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9778-HPMV-MX63

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-22 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36
VLAI
Details

Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in NerdPress Social Pug allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data. This issue affects Social Pug: from n/a through 1.35.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-58007"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-22T19:16:02Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in NerdPress Social Pug allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data. This issue affects Social Pug: from n/a through 1.35.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-9778-hpmv-mx63",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:13Z",
  "published": "2025-09-22T21:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58007"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/social-pug/vulnerability/wordpress-social-pug-plugin-1-35-1-sensitive-data-exposure-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Production applications should never use methods that generate internal details such as stack traces and error messages unless that information is directly committed to a log that is not viewable by the end user. All error message text should be HTML entity encoded before being written to the log file to protect against potential cross-site scripting attacks against the viewer of the logs

CAPEC-170: Web Application Fingerprinting

An attacker sends a series of probes to a web application in order to elicit version-dependent and type-dependent behavior that assists in identifying the target. An attacker could learn information such as software versions, error pages, and response headers, variations in implementations of the HTTP protocol, directory structures, and other similar information about the targeted service. This information can then be used by an attacker to formulate a targeted attack plan. While web application fingerprinting is not intended to be damaging (although certain activities, such as network scans, can sometimes cause disruptions to vulnerable applications inadvertently) it may often pave the way for more damaging attacks.

CAPEC-694: System Location Discovery

An adversary collects information about the target system in an attempt to identify the system's geographical location.

Information gathered could include keyboard layout, system language, and timezone. This information may benefit an adversary in confirming the desired target and/or tailoring further attacks.