CWE-494
AllowedDownload of Code Without Integrity Check
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product downloads source code or an executable from a remote location and executes the code without sufficiently verifying the origin and integrity of the code.
292 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-6FPF-RGCX-JMRX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-02 15:30 – Updated: 2025-03-26 21:30An exploitable firmware modification vulnerability was discovered in WNR612v2 Wireless Routers firmware version 1.0.0.3 and earlier. The data integrity of the uploaded firmware image is ensured with a fixed checksum number. Therefore, an attacker can conduct a MITM attack to modify the user-uploaded firmware image and bypass the checksum verification.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-23110"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-494"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-02T15:17:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An exploitable firmware modification vulnerability was discovered in WNR612v2 Wireless Routers firmware version 1.0.0.3 and earlier. The data integrity of the uploaded firmware image is ensured with a fixed checksum number. Therefore, an attacker can conduct a MITM attack to modify the user-uploaded firmware image and bypass the checksum verification.",
"id": "GHSA-6fpf-rgcx-jmrx",
"modified": "2025-03-26T21:30:34Z",
"published": "2023-02-02T15:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-23110"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/%40slASVrz_SrW7NQCsunofeA/BkBPIeGco"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/%40slASVrz_SrW7NQCsunofeA/H1lIcXbco"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/%40slASVrz_SrW7NQCsunofeA/HyZRxmb9s"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/%40slASVrz_SrW7NQCsunofeA/S1BNhbWqi"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/%40slASVrz_SrW7NQCsunofeA/S1qWglM5o"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/%40slASVrz_SrW7NQCsunofeA/S1t47Ebqj"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/%40slASVrz_SrW7NQCsunofeA/SJCGkb-9o"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/%40slASVrz_SrW7NQCsunofeA/r1Z4BX-5i"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/%40slASVrz_SrW7NQCsunofeA/ryjVZz-5s"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/@slASVrz_SrW7NQCsunofeA/SJCGkb-9o"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.netgear.com/about/security"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6PFP-2FQC-3JH4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-02 09:30 – Updated: 2026-03-02 09:30IDExpert Windows Logon Agent developed by Changing has a Remote Code Execution vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to force the system to download arbitrary DLL files from a remote source and execute them.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-3000"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-494"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-02T07:16:23Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "IDExpert Windows Logon Agent developed by Changing has a Remote Code Execution vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to force the system to download arbitrary DLL files from a remote source and execute them.",
"id": "GHSA-6pfp-2fqc-3jh4",
"modified": "2026-03-02T09:30:30Z",
"published": "2026-03-02T09:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3000"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.changingtec.com/news_detail.jsp?item_id=348"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-10741-daed4-2.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-10740-b2eb2-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6QW7-34QQ-R69V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-28 21:32 – Updated: 2026-05-28 21:32A firmware update mechanism in the affected charging controller fails to validate the authenticity of firmware packages delivered through the device's management interface. Because cryptographic signatures are not verified, an attacker with the ability to interfere with or impersonate the management channel could cause the device to install an unauthorized firmware package. This condition could allow execution of unauthorized code with high privileges on the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-9037"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-494"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-28T20:16:27Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A firmware update mechanism in the affected charging controller fails to validate the authenticity of firmware packages delivered through the device\u0027s management interface. Because cryptographic signatures are not verified, an attacker with the ability to interfere with or impersonate the management channel could cause the device to install an unauthorized firmware package. This condition could allow execution of unauthorized code with high privileges on the device.",
"id": "GHSA-6qw7-34qq-r69v",
"modified": "2026-05-28T21:32:04Z",
"published": "2026-05-28T21:32:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9037"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-148-08"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6V2H-8MCR-85F2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-27 00:31 – Updated: 2025-08-27 00:31Agiloft Release 28 downloads critical system packages over an insecure HTTP connection. An attacker in a Man-In-the-Middle position could replace or modify the contents of the download URL. Users should upgrade to Agiloft Release 30.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-35115"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-494"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-26T23:15:35Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Agiloft Release 28 downloads critical system packages over an insecure HTTP connection. An attacker in a Man-In-the-Middle position could replace or modify the contents of the download URL. Users should upgrade to Agiloft Release 30.",
"id": "GHSA-6v2h-8mcr-85f2",
"modified": "2025-08-27T00:31:16Z",
"published": "2025-08-27T00:31:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-35115"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/IT/white/2025/va-25-239-01.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.agiloft.com/display/HELP/What%27s+New%3A+CVE+Resolution"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-35115"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6XV6-RJCF-VC95
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-03 18:31 – Updated: 2025-03-03 18:31IBM Engineering Requirements Management DOORS Next 7.0.2, 7.0.3, and 7.1 could allow a user to download a malicious file without verifying the integrity of the code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-43169"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-494"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-03T16:15:38Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM Engineering Requirements Management DOORS Next 7.0.2, 7.0.3, and 7.1 could allow a user to download a malicious file without verifying the integrity of the code.",
"id": "GHSA-6xv6-rjcf-vc95",
"modified": "2025-03-03T18:31:27Z",
"published": "2025-03-03T18:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43169"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7184506"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7223-VJP5-RFJH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-02 09:32 – Updated: 2024-07-02 09:32A vulnerability allows attackers to download source code or an executable from a remote location and execute the code without sufficiently verifying the origin and integrity of the code. This vulnerability can allow attackers to modify the firmware before uploading it to the system, thus achieving the modification of the target’s integrity to achieve an insecure state.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-41921"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-494"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-02T08:15:04Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability allows attackers to download source code or an executable from a remote location and execute the code without sufficiently verifying the origin and integrity of the code. This vulnerability can allow attackers to modify the firmware before uploading it to the system, thus achieving the modification of the target\u2019s integrity to achieve an insecure state.",
"id": "GHSA-7223-vjp5-rfjh",
"modified": "2024-07-02T09:32:06Z",
"published": "2024-07-02T09:32:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41921"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://advisories.ncsc.nl/advisory?id=NCSC-2024-0273"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-75R2-H3Q4-7J58
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-19 18:31 – Updated: 2025-11-20 18:31The Sound4 FIRST web-based management interface is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (RCE) via a malicious firmware update package. The update mechanism fails to validate the integrity of manual.sh, allowing an attacker to inject arbitrary commands by modifying this script and repackaging the firmware.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-63220"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-494"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-19T16:15:48Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Sound4 FIRST web-based management interface is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (RCE) via a malicious firmware update package. The update mechanism fails to validate the integrity of manual.sh, allowing an attacker to inject arbitrary commands by modifying this script and repackaging the firmware.",
"id": "GHSA-75r2-h3q4-7j58",
"modified": "2025-11-20T18:31:00Z",
"published": "2025-11-19T18:31:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-63220"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shiky8/my--cve-vulnerability-research/tree/main/CVE-2025-63220_Sound4%20FIRST%20RCE"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sound4helpdesk.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sound4helpdesk.com/first-downloads"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7JQF-MFPM-WPRW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 00:00 – Updated: 2026-07-09 03:31Certain EMCO Software products are affected by: CWE-494: Download of Code Without Integrity Check. This affects MSI Package Builder for Windows 9.1.4 and Remote Installer for Windows 6.0.13 and Ping Monitor for Windows 8.0.18 and Remote Shutdown for Windows 7.2.2 and WakeOnLan 2.0.8 and Network Inventory for Windows 5.8.22 and Network Software Scanner for Windows 2.0.8 and UnLock IT for Windows 6.1.1. The impact is: execute arbitrary code (remote). The component is: Updater. The attack vector is: To exploit this vulnerability, a user must trigger an update of an affected installation of EMCO Software. ¶¶ Multiple products from EMCO Software are affected by a remote code execution vulnerability during the update process.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28944"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-494"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-23T18:16:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Certain EMCO Software products are affected by: CWE-494: Download of Code Without Integrity Check. This affects MSI Package Builder for Windows 9.1.4 and Remote Installer for Windows 6.0.13 and Ping Monitor for Windows 8.0.18 and Remote Shutdown for Windows 7.2.2 and WakeOnLan 2.0.8 and Network Inventory for Windows 5.8.22 and Network Software Scanner for Windows 2.0.8 and UnLock IT for Windows 6.1.1. The impact is: execute arbitrary code (remote). The component is: Updater. The attack vector is: To exploit this vulnerability, a user must trigger an update of an affected installation of EMCO Software. \u00b6\u00b6 Multiple products from EMCO Software are affected by a remote code execution vulnerability during the update process.",
"id": "GHSA-7jqf-mfpm-wprw",
"modified": "2026-07-09T03:31:53Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T00:00:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28944"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gerr-re/cve-2022-28944/blob/main/cve-2022-28944_public-advisory.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://emco.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://msi.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7QRQ-V84X-P53G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-23 18:31 – Updated: 2025-01-23 18:31ECOVACS robot lawnmowers and vacuums use a deterministic symmetric key to decrypt firmware updates. An attacker can create and encrypt malicious firmware that will be successfully decrypted and installed by the robot.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-52331"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-327",
"CWE-494"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-23T17:15:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "ECOVACS robot lawnmowers and vacuums use a deterministic symmetric key to decrypt firmware updates. An attacker can create and encrypt malicious firmware that will be successfully decrypted and installed by the robot.",
"id": "GHSA-7qrq-v84x-p53g",
"modified": "2025-01-23T18:31:20Z",
"published": "2025-01-23T18:31:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-52331"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://dontvacuum.me/talks/37c3-2023/37c3-vacuuming-and-mowing.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://dontvacuum.me/talks/HITCON2024/HITCON-CMT-2024_Ecovacs.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-7RFH-X78J-CQJ5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-25 19:00 – Updated: 2022-10-29 12:00A remote file download issue can occur in some capabilities of Esri ArcGIS Server web services that may in some edge cases allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to induce an unsuspecting victim to launch a process in the victim's PATH environment. Current browsers provide users with warnings against running unsigned executables downloaded from the internet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-38199"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-494"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-25T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A remote file download issue can occur in some capabilities of Esri ArcGIS Server web services that may in some edge cases allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to induce an unsuspecting victim to launch a process in the victim\u0027s PATH environment. Current browsers provide users with warnings against running unsigned executables downloaded from the internet.",
"id": "GHSA-7rfh-x78j-cqj5",
"modified": "2022-10-29T12:00:48Z",
"published": "2022-10-25T19:00:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38199"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.esri.com/arcgis-blog/products/administration/administration/arcgis-server-security-2022-update-1-patch"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-42
Perform proper forward and reverse DNS lookups to detect DNS spoofing.
Mitigation
- Encrypt the code with a reliable encryption scheme before transmitting.
- This will only be a partial solution, since it will not detect DNS spoofing and it will not prevent your code from being modified on the hosting site.
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- Speficially, it may be helpful to use tools or frameworks to perform integrity checking on the transmitted code.
- When providing the code that is to be downloaded, such as for automatic updates of the software, then use cryptographic signatures for the code and modify the download clients to verify the signatures. Ensure that the implementation does not contain CWE-295, CWE-320, CWE-347, and related weaknesses.
- Use code signing technologies such as Authenticode. See references [REF-454] [REF-455] [REF-456].
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-184: Software Integrity Attack
An attacker initiates a series of events designed to cause a user, program, server, or device to perform actions which undermine the integrity of software code, device data structures, or device firmware, achieving the modification of the target's integrity to achieve an insecure state.
CAPEC-185: Malicious Software Download
An attacker uses deceptive methods to cause a user or an automated process to download and install dangerous code that originates from an attacker controlled source. There are several variations to this strategy of attack.
CAPEC-186: Malicious Software Update
An adversary uses deceptive methods to cause a user or an automated process to download and install dangerous code believed to be a valid update that originates from an adversary controlled source.
CAPEC-187: Malicious Automated Software Update via Redirection
An attacker exploits two layers of weaknesses in server or client software for automated update mechanisms to undermine the integrity of the target code-base. The first weakness involves a failure to properly authenticate a server as a source of update or patch content. This type of weakness typically results from authentication mechanisms which can be defeated, allowing a hostile server to satisfy the criteria that establish a trust relationship. The second weakness is a systemic failure to validate the identity and integrity of code downloaded from a remote location, hence the inability to distinguish malicious code from a legitimate update.
CAPEC-533: Malicious Manual Software Update
An attacker introduces malicious code to the victim's system by altering the payload of a software update, allowing for additional compromise or site disruption at the victim location. These manual, or user-assisted attacks, vary from requiring the user to download and run an executable, to as streamlined as tricking the user to click a URL. Attacks which aim at penetrating a specific network infrastructure often rely upon secondary attack methods to achieve the desired impact. Spamming, for example, is a common method employed as an secondary attack vector. Thus the attacker has in their arsenal a choice of initial attack vectors ranging from traditional SMTP/POP/IMAP spamming and its varieties, to web-application mechanisms which commonly implement both chat and rich HTML messaging within the user interface.
CAPEC-538: Open-Source Library Manipulation
Adversaries implant malicious code in open source software (OSS) libraries to have it widely distributed, as OSS is commonly downloaded by developers and other users to incorporate into software development projects. The adversary can have a particular system in mind to target, or the implantation can be the first stage of follow-on attacks on many systems.
CAPEC-657: Malicious Automated Software Update via Spoofing
An attackers uses identify or content spoofing to trick a client into performing an automated software update from a malicious source. A malicious automated software update that leverages spoofing can include content or identity spoofing as well as protocol spoofing. Content or identity spoofing attacks can trigger updates in software by embedding scripted mechanisms within a malicious web page, which masquerades as a legitimate update source. Scripting mechanisms communicate with software components and trigger updates from locations specified by the attackers' server. The result is the client believing there is a legitimate software update available but instead downloading a malicious update from the attacker.
CAPEC-662: Adversary in the Browser (AiTB)
An adversary exploits security vulnerabilities or inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to manipulate traffic between two endpoints.
CAPEC-691: Spoof Open-Source Software Metadata
An adversary spoofs open-source software metadata in an attempt to masquerade malicious software as popular, maintained, and trusted.
CAPEC-692: Spoof Version Control System Commit Metadata
An adversary spoofs metadata pertaining to a Version Control System (VCS) (e.g., Git) repository's commits to deceive users into believing that the maliciously provided software is frequently maintained and originates from a trusted source.
CAPEC-693: StarJacking
An adversary spoofs software popularity metadata to deceive users into believing that a maliciously provided package is widely used and originates from a trusted source.
CAPEC-695: Repo Jacking
An adversary takes advantage of the redirect property of directly linked Version Control System (VCS) repositories to trick users into incorporating malicious code into their applications.