Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-472
AllowedExternal Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application does not sufficiently verify inputs that are assumed to be immutable but are actually externally controllable, such as hidden form fields.
188 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-31327 (GCVE-0-2025-31327)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-22 18:25 – Updated: 2025-04-23 15:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OData meta-data property entity tampering in SAP Field Logistics
Summary
SAP Field Logistics Manage Logistics application OData meta-data property is vulnerable to data tampering, due to which certain fields could be externally modified by an attacker causing low impact on integrity of the application. Confidentiality and availability are not impacted.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SAP_SE | SAP Field Logistics |
Affected:
S4CORE 107
Affected: 108 |
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CVE-2025-30236 (GCVE-0-2025-30236)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-19 00:00 – Updated: 2025-03-19 13:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Shearwater SecurEnvoy SecurAccess Enrol before 9.4.515 allows authentication through only a six-digit TOTP code (skipping a password check) if an HTTP POST request contains a SESSION parameter.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SecurEnvoy | SecurAccess |
Affected:
0 , < 9.4.515
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-30152 (GCVE-0-2025-30152)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-19 15:57 – Updated: 2025-03-19 18:26
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Sylius PayPal Plugin has an Order Manipulation Vulnerability after PayPal Checkout
Summary
The Syliud PayPal Plugin is the Sylius Core Team’s plugin for the PayPal Commerce Platform. Prior to 1.6.2, 1.7.2, and 2.0.2, a discovered vulnerability allows users to modify their shopping cart after completing the PayPal Checkout process and payment authorization. If a user initiates a PayPal transaction from a product page or the cart page and then returns to the order summary page, they can still manipulate the cart contents before finalizing the order. As a result, the order amount in Sylius may be higher than the amount actually captured by PayPal, leading to a scenario where merchants deliver products or services without full payment. The issue is fixed in versions: 1.6.2, 1.7.2, 2.0.2 and above.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Sylius/PayPalPlugin/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/Sylius/PayPalPlugin/commit/561… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sylius | PayPalPlugin |
Affected:
< 1.6.2
Affected: >= 1.7.0, < 1.7.2 Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 2.0.2 |
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CVE-2025-29788 (GCVE-0-2025-29788)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-17 13:25 – Updated: 2025-03-17 14:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Sylius PayPal Plugin Payment Amount Manipulation Vulnerability
Summary
The Syliud PayPal Plugin is the Sylius Core Team’s plugin for the PayPal Commerce Platform. A vulnerability in versions prior to 1.6.1, 1.7.1, and 2.0.1 allows users to manipulate the final payment amount processed by PayPal. If a user modifies the item quantity in their shopping cart after initiating the PayPal Express Checkout process, PayPal will not receive the updated total amount. As a result, PayPal captures only the initially transmitted amount, while Sylius incorrectly considers the order fully paid based on the modified total. This flaw can be exploited both accidentally and intentionally, potentially enabling fraud by allowing customers to pay less than the actual order value. Attackers can intentionally pay less than the actual total order amount, business owners may suffer financial losses due to underpaid orders, and integrity of payment processing is compromised. The issue is fixed in versions 1.6.1, 1.7.1, 2.0.1, and above. To resolve the problem in the end application without updating to the newest patches, there is a need to overwrite `ProcessPayPalOrderAction`, `CompletePayPalOrderFromPaymentPageAction`, and `CaptureAction` with modified logic.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Sylius/PayPalPlugin/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/Sylius/PayPalPlugin/commit/31e… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/Sylius/PayPalPlugin/commit/8a8… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/Sylius/PayPalPlugin/releases/t… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/Sylius/PayPalPlugin/releases/t… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/Sylius/PayPalPlugin/releases/t… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sylius | PayPalPlugin |
Affected:
< 1.6.1
Affected: >= 1.7, < 1.7.1 Affected: >= 2.0, < 2.0.1 |
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CVE-2025-27893 (GCVE-0-2025-27893)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-11 00:00 – Updated: 2025-08-08 12:37 Disputed
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
In Archer Platform 6 through 6.14.00202.10024, an authenticated user with record creation privileges can manipulate immutable fields, such as the creation date, by intercepting and modifying a Copy request via a GenericContent/Record.aspx?id= URI. NOTE: the Supplier analyzed the reported exploitation steps and found that, although the user can modify the immutable field, upon switching to View mode the field is reverted to its original value, without anything being saved to the database (and consequently there is no impact).
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-26312 (GCVE-0-2025-26312)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-14 00:00 – Updated: 2025-03-18 14:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
SendQuick Entera devices before 11HF5 are vulnerable to CAPTCHA bypass by removing the Captcha parameter.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-22384 (GCVE-0-2025-22384)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-04 00:00 – Updated: 2025-01-06 17:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An issue was discovered in Optimizely Configured Commerce before 5.2.2408. A medium-severity issue concerning business logic exists in the Commerce B2B application, which allows storefront visitors to purchase discontinued products in specific scenarios where requests are altered before reaching the server.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
1 reference
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CVE-2025-14750 (GCVE-0-2025-14750)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-22 21:40 – Updated: 2026-01-26 21:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter in Weintek cMT X Series HMI EasyWeb Service
Summary
The web application does not sufficiently verify inputs that are assumed to be immutable but are actually externally controllable. A low-privileged user can modify the parameters and potentially manipulate account-level privileges.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/i… | government-resource |
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Weintek | cMT3072XH |
Affected:
20200630 , < 20241112
(custom)
|
|
| Weintek | cMT3072XH(T) |
Affected:
20200630 , < 20241112
(custom)
|
|
| Weintek | cMT-SVRX-820 |
Affected:
20220413 , < 20240919
(custom)
|
|
| Weintek | cMT-CTRL01 |
Affected:
20230308 , < 20250827
(custom)
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-8198 (GCVE-0-2025-8198)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-26 05:45 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MinimogWP – The High Converting eCommerce WordPress Theme <= 3.9.0 - Unauthenticated Price Manipulation
Summary
The MinimogWP – The High Converting eCommerce WordPress Theme theme for WordPress is vulnerable to price manipulation in all versions up to, and including, 3.9.0. This is due to an insufficient check on quantity values when changing quantities in the cart. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to add items to the cart and adjust the quantity to a fractional amount, causing the price to change based on the fractional amount. The vulnerability cannot be exploited if WooCommerce version 9.8.2+ is installed.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ThemeMove | MinimogWP – The High Converting eCommerce WordPress Theme |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.9.0
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-3743 (GCVE-0-2025-3743)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-25 06:45 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Upsell Funnel Builder for WooCommerce <= 3.0.0 - Unauthenticated Order Manipulation
Summary
The Upsell Funnel Builder for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to order manipulation in all versions up to, and including, 3.0.0. This is due to the plugin allowing the additional product ID and discount field to be manipulated prior to processing via the 'add_offer_in_cart' function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to arbitrarily update the product associated with any order bump, and arbitrarily update the discount applied to any order bump item, when adding it to the cart.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
6 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| wpswings | Upsell Funnel Builder for WooCommerce – Create Upsells, Cross-Sells, Order Bumps, Frequently Bought, and Popups. |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.0.0
(semver)
|
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-3743",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-04-25T14:29:40.422880Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-04-25T14:29:52.863Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Upsell Funnel Builder for WooCommerce \u2013 Create Upsells, Cross-Sells, Order Bumps, Frequently Bought, and Popups.",
"vendor": "wpswings",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "3.0.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "pwn4TheLulz"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Upsell Funnel Builder for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to order manipulation in all versions up to, and including, 3.0.0. This is due to the plugin allowing the additional product ID and discount field to be manipulated prior to processing via the \u0027add_offer_in_cart\u0027 function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to arbitrarily update the product associated with any order bump, and arbitrarily update the discount applied to any order bump item, when adding it to the cart."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-472",
"description": "CWE-472 External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:16:03.915Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/b0e1546b-c8cc-4d57-9909-153209e3a9c6?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/upsell-order-bump-offer-for-woocommerce/tags/3.0.0/public/class-upsell-order-bump-offer-for-woocommerce-public.php#L1773"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/upsell-order-bump-offer-for-woocommerce/tags/3.0.0/public/class-upsell-order-bump-offer-for-woocommerce-public.php#L1818"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/upsell-order-bump-offer-for-woocommerce/tags/3.0.0/public/class-upsell-order-bump-offer-for-woocommerce-public.php#L1829"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/upsell-order-bump-offer-for-woocommerce/tags/3.0.0/public/class-upsell-order-bump-offer-for-woocommerce-public.php#L1771"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3279944/"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-04-24T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "Upsell Funnel Builder for WooCommerce \u003c= 3.0.0 - Unauthenticated Order Manipulation"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-3743",
"datePublished": "2025-04-25T06:45:29.320Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T17:46:38.616Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:16:03.915Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-20
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
CAPEC-146: XML Schema Poisoning
An adversary corrupts or modifies the content of XML schema information passed between a client and server for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. XML Schemas provide the structure and content definitions for XML documents. Schema poisoning is the ability to manipulate a schema either by replacing or modifying it to compromise the programs that process documents that use this schema.
CAPEC-226: Session Credential Falsification through Manipulation
An attacker manipulates an existing credential in order to gain access to a target application. Session credentials allow users to identify themselves to a service after an initial authentication without needing to resend the authentication information (usually a username and password) with every message. An attacker may be able to manipulate a credential sniffed from an existing connection in order to gain access to a target server.
CAPEC-31: Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP Cookies
This attack relies on the use of HTTP Cookies to store credentials, state information and other critical data on client systems. There are several different forms of this attack. The first form of this attack involves accessing HTTP Cookies to mine for potentially sensitive data contained therein. The second form involves intercepting this data as it is transmitted from client to server. This intercepted information is then used by the adversary to impersonate the remote user/session. The third form is when the cookie's content is modified by the adversary before it is sent back to the server. Here the adversary seeks to convince the target server to operate on this falsified information.
CAPEC-39: Manipulating Opaque Client-based Data Tokens
In circumstances where an application holds important data client-side in tokens (cookies, URLs, data files, and so forth) that data can be manipulated. If client or server-side application components reinterpret that data as authentication tokens or data (such as store item pricing or wallet information) then even opaquely manipulating that data may bear fruit for an Attacker. In this pattern an attacker undermines the assumption that client side tokens have been adequately protected from tampering through use of encryption or obfuscation.