Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-472
AllowedExternal Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application does not sufficiently verify inputs that are assumed to be immutable but are actually externally controllable, such as hidden form fields.
188 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-66385 (GCVE-0-2025-66385)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-28 00:00 – Updated: 2025-11-28 15:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
UsersController::edit in Cerebrate before 1.30 allows an authenticated non-privileged user to escalate their privileges (e.g., obtain a higher role such as admin) via the user-edit endpoint by supplying or modifying role_id or organisation_id fields in the edit request.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| cerebrate-project | Cerebrate |
Affected:
0 , < 1.30
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-59382 (GCVE-0-2025-59382)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-10 01:38 – Updated: 2026-06-12 02:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QTS, QuTS hero, QuTScloud, QVP (QVR Pro appliances)
Summary
QTS, QuTS hero, QuTScloud are not affected.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version:
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QTS |
Unaffected:
?
|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QuTS hero |
Unaffected:
?
|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QuTScloud |
Unaffected:
c5.0.0
|
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CVE-2025-54832 (GCVE-0-2025-54832)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-31 17:25 – Updated: 2025-08-07 18:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OPEXUS FOIAXpress Public Access Link (PAL) state and territory list unauthorized modification
Summary
OPEXUS FOIAXpress Public Access Link (PAL), version v11.1.0, allows an authenticated user to add entries to the list of states and territories.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OPEXUS | FOIAXpress Public Access Link (PAL) |
Affected:
11.1.0 , < 11.12.3.0
(custom)
Unaffected: 11.12.3.0 |
Date Public
2025-06-30 00:00
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CVE-2025-54551 (GCVE-0-2025-54551)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-20 04:57 – Updated: 2025-08-20 17:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Synapse Mobility 8.0, 8.0.1, 8.0.2, 8.1, and 8.1.1 contain a privilege escalation vulnerability through external control of Web parameter. If exploited, a user of the product may escalate the privilege and access data that the user do not have permission to view by altering the parameters of the search function.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-472 - External control of assumed-Immutable web parameter
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FUJIFILM Healthcare Americas Corporation | Synapse Mobility |
Affected:
8.0
Affected: 8.0.1 Affected: 8.0.2 Affected: 8.1 Affected: and 8.1.1 |
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CVE-2025-47817 (GCVE-0-2025-47817)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-10 00:00 – Updated: 2025-05-12 18:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
In BlueWave Checkmate through 2.0.2 before b387eba, a profile edit request can include a role parameter.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-47245 (GCVE-0-2025-47245)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-03 00:00 – Updated: 2025-05-05 14:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
In BlueWave Checkmate through 2.0.2 before d4a6072, an invite request can be modified to specify a privileged role.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-43002 (GCVE-0-2025-43002)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-13 00:18 – Updated: 2025-05-13 14:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Missing Authorization check in SAP S4/HANA (OData meta-data property)
Summary
SAP S4CORE OData meta-data property allows an authenticated attacker to access restricted information due to missing authorization check. This could cause a low impact on confidentiality but integrity and availability of the application are not impacted.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SAP_SE | SAP S4/HANA (OData meta-data property) |
Affected:
S4CORE 102
Affected: 103 Affected: 104 Affected: 105 Affected: 106 |
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CVE-2025-35939 (GCVE-0-2025-35939)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-07 22:41 – Updated: 2026-02-26 18:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Craft CMS stores user-provided content in session files
Summary
Craft CMS stores arbitrary content provided by unauthenticated users in session files. This content could be accessed and executed, possibly using an independent vulnerability. Craft CMS redirects requests that require authentication to the login page and generates a session file on the server at '/var/lib/php/sessions'. Such session files are named 'sess_[session_value]', where '[session_value]' is provided to the client in a 'Set-Cookie' response header. Craft CMS stores the return URL requested by the client without sanitizing parameters. Consequently, an unauthenticated client can introduce arbitrary values, such as PHP code, to a known local file location on the server. Craft CMS versions 5.7.5 and 4.15.3 have been released to address this issue.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
6 references
Impacted products
Date Public
2025-05-05 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2025-32816 (GCVE-0-2025-32816)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-11 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-11 16:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
CodeLit CourseLit before 0.57.5 allows Parameter Tampering via a payment plan associated with the wrong entity.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-31333 (GCVE-0-2025-31333)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-08 07:15 – Updated: 2025-04-08 14:50
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Odata meta-data tampering in SAP S4CORE entity
Summary
SAP S4CORE OData meta-data property is vulnerable to data tampering, due to which entity set could be externally modified by an attacker causing low impact on integrity of the application. Confidentiality and availability is not impacted.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-472 - External Control of Assumed-Immutable Web Parameter
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SAP_SE | SAP S4CORE entity |
Affected:
S4CORE 107
Affected: 108 |
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"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3525971"
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"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
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"title": "Odata meta-data tampering in SAP S4CORE entity",
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"cveId": "CVE-2025-31333",
"datePublished": "2025-04-08T07:15:46.176Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-03-27T23:02:06.907Z",
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Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-20
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
CAPEC-146: XML Schema Poisoning
An adversary corrupts or modifies the content of XML schema information passed between a client and server for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. XML Schemas provide the structure and content definitions for XML documents. Schema poisoning is the ability to manipulate a schema either by replacing or modifying it to compromise the programs that process documents that use this schema.
CAPEC-226: Session Credential Falsification through Manipulation
An attacker manipulates an existing credential in order to gain access to a target application. Session credentials allow users to identify themselves to a service after an initial authentication without needing to resend the authentication information (usually a username and password) with every message. An attacker may be able to manipulate a credential sniffed from an existing connection in order to gain access to a target server.
CAPEC-31: Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP Cookies
This attack relies on the use of HTTP Cookies to store credentials, state information and other critical data on client systems. There are several different forms of this attack. The first form of this attack involves accessing HTTP Cookies to mine for potentially sensitive data contained therein. The second form involves intercepting this data as it is transmitted from client to server. This intercepted information is then used by the adversary to impersonate the remote user/session. The third form is when the cookie's content is modified by the adversary before it is sent back to the server. Here the adversary seeks to convince the target server to operate on this falsified information.
CAPEC-39: Manipulating Opaque Client-based Data Tokens
In circumstances where an application holds important data client-side in tokens (cookies, URLs, data files, and so forth) that data can be manipulated. If client or server-side application components reinterpret that data as authentication tokens or data (such as store item pricing or wallet information) then even opaquely manipulating that data may bear fruit for an Attacker. In this pattern an attacker undermines the assumption that client side tokens have been adequately protected from tampering through use of encryption or obfuscation.