CWE-441

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-48536"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-441"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-08T17:16:14Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In grantAllowlistedPackagePermissions of SettingsSliceProvider.java, there is a possible way for a third party app to modify secure settings due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
  "id": "GHSA-gv3m-w9gf-fwxr",
  "modified": "2025-12-08T21:30:20Z",
  "published": "2025-12-08T18:30:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48536"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/apps/Settings/+/586f8dedd8e0e8a7ca5577cd1f06891f7e84e1e1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2025-12-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.2.14"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-28466"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-441",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-02T23:24:54Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-05T22:16:19Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nA remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in the gateway-to-node invocation path allowed an authenticated gateway client to bypass node-host exec approvals by injecting internal control fields into `node.invoke` parameters.\n\n### Affected Component\n\n- Gateway method: `node.invoke` for node command `system.run`\n- Node host runner: exec approval gating for `system.run`\n\n### Impact\n\nIf an attacker can authenticate to a gateway (for example via a leaked/shared gateway token or a paired device token with `operator.write`), they could execute arbitrary commands on connected node hosts that support `system.run`. This can lead to full compromise of developer workstations, CI runners, and servers running the node host.\n\n### Technical Details\n\nThe gateway forwarded user-controlled `params` to node hosts without sanitizing internal approval fields. The node host treated `params.approved === true` and/or `params.approvalDecision` as sufficient to skip the approval workflow.\n\n### Fix\n\nPatched in **OpenClaw `2026.2.14`**.\n\n- Commits:\n  - `318379cdb8d045da0009b0051bd0e712e5c65e2d`\n  - `a7af646fdab124a7536998db6bd6ad567d2b06b0`\n  - `c1594627421f95b6bc4ad7c606657dc75b5ad0ce`\n  - `0af76f5f0e93540efbdf054895216c398692afcd`\n- Gateway strips untrusted approval control fields from `system.run` user input.\n- Gateway only re-attaches approval flags when `params.runId` references a valid `exec.approval.request` record and the request context matches. Approval IDs are bound to the requesting device identity (stable across reconnects), preventing replay by other clients.\n- Gateway forwards only an allowlisted set of `system.run` parameters, preventing future control-field smuggling.\n\n### Mitigations\n\n- Upgrade to `2026.2.14` or later.\n- Restrict access to the gateway (do not expose it to untrusted networks/users).\n- Rotate gateway credentials if you suspect token/password exposure.\n- Disable remote command execution on nodes by blocking `system.run` at the gateway (`gateway.nodes.denyCommands`) and/or by configuring node exec security to `deny`.\n\n### Credits\n\nOpenClaw thanks @222n5 for reporting this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-gv46-4xfq-jv58",
  "modified": "2026-03-06T01:05:53Z",
  "published": "2026-03-02T23:24:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-gv46-4xfq-jv58"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28466"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/0af76f5f0e93540efbdf054895216c398692afcd"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/318379cdb8d045da0009b0051bd0e712e5c65e2d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/a7af646fdab124a7536998db6bd6ad567d2b06b0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/c1594627421f95b6bc4ad7c606657dc75b5ad0ce"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-remote-code-execution-via-node-invoke-approval-bypass"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Node Invoke Approval Bypass in Gateway"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-48586"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-441"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-08T17:16:15Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In onActivityResult of EditFdnContactScreen.java, there is a possible way to leak contacts from the work profile due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
  "id": "GHSA-h7v4-crg3-vm5g",
  "modified": "2025-12-08T21:30:20Z",
  "published": "2025-12-08T18:30:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48586"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/services/Telephony/+/851fc787e96189a37f88cb9eaa688087883357c3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2025-12-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-48570"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-441"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-01T22:16:17Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In multiple functions of PipTaskOrganizer.java, there is a possible way to launch an activity from the background due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
  "id": "GHSA-hfff-23qp-388w",
  "modified": "2026-06-02T15:32:01Z",
  "published": "2026-06-02T00:31:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48570"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2026/2026-06-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "nocodb"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "0.301.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-53931"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-441",
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-17T14:08:26Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nThe spreadsheet-import endpoint `axiosRequestMake` could be used as a generic\nHTTP proxy. Before the fix it was reachable unauthenticated, and its\nURL-extension allowlist was a regex tested against the full URL string, so\nURLs whose query string ended in `.csv` (for example\n`https://example.com/robots.txt?.csv`) satisfied the gate even though the\nunderlying request was for `robots.txt`.\n\n### Details\nThree layers of protection now apply to the endpoint:\n\n- The controller is decorated with `@UseGuards(DataApiLimiterGuard, GlobalGuard)`\n  and `@Acl(\u0027fetchViaUrl\u0027)`, so unauthenticated callers and callers without\n  the editor role are rejected before the request body is processed.\n- The extension allowlist is tested against `url.pathname` only. Callers can\n  no longer satisfy the regex by appending a `.csv` suffix to the query\n  string.\n- The downstream axios call is wired to `useAgent(url)` from\n  `request-filtering-agent`, which blocks RFC 1918, loopback, link-local,\n  and other private destinations at the socket layer.\n\n### Impact\nUnauthenticated callers could previously coerce the NocoDB process to issue\nHTTP requests on their behalf, including to internal services reachable from\nthe host. With the auth gate in place and the pathname-anchored extension\ncheck combined with socket-layer destination filtering, the endpoint is no\nlonger usable as a generic proxy and can no longer reach private ranges.\n\n### Credit\nThis issue was reported by the [GitHub Security Lab](https://securitylab.github.com/)\n([@p-](https://github.com/p-), [@m-y-mo](https://github.com/m-y-mo)).",
  "id": "GHSA-hmcr-rmjq-47qr",
  "modified": "2026-06-17T14:08:26Z",
  "published": "2026-06-17T14:08:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nocodb/nocodb/security/advisories/GHSA-hmcr-rmjq-47qr"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/nocodb/nocodb"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "NocoDB: Server-Side Request Forgery via Spreadsheet Import Endpoint"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 0.4.5"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/julien040/anyquery"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-54628"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-441",
      "CWE-862",
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-14T20:02:06Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\nAnyquery\u0027s `server` mode does not restrict outbound HTTP requests initiated by its built-in SQLite virtual table modules (e.g., `json_reader`, `log_reader`). Unauthenticated attackers connecting to the MySQL-compatible server port can create virtual tables pointing to internal network endpoints or Cloud Metadata IPs (e.g., `http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/`). This allows attackers to perform Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF), bypassing external firewalls to scan internal ports and exfiltrate cloud credentials.\n\n## Details\nWhen Anyquery is launched in **Server Mode** (`anyquery server`), it binds to a TCP port and accepts MySQL protocol connections. The server handler allows the creation of dynamic virtual tables using modules like `json_reader` or `log_reader`, which internally use `go-getter` to fetch URLs. There is no protection mechanism to prevent fetches to local (127.0.0.0/8), private (10.0.0.0/8), or special (169.254.169.254) IP addresses. \n\nAn attacker can use this to map internal networks, interact with internal APIs, or steal IAM tokens from cloud metadata servers by fetching the data and reading it as a database table.\n\n## PoC (Proof of Concept)\n1. Start the server on the victim machine (e.g., an AWS EC2 instance):\n   ```bash\n   anyquery server --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8070\n   ```\n2. Connect from an attacker machine:\n   ```bash\n   mysql -u root -h \u003cVICTIM_IP\u003e -P 8070\n   ```\n3. Execute the payload to fetch AWS Metadata or hit a local API:\n   ```sql\n   -- Payload 1: Fetch AWS Cloud Metadata (IAM credentials)\n   CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE aws_meta USING log_reader(\u0027http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/\u0027);\n   SELECT * FROM aws_meta;\n\n   -- Payload 2: Access an internal application bound only to localhost\n   CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE local_admin USING log_reader(\u0027http://localhost:8000/admin\u0027);\n   SELECT * FROM local_admin LIMIT 10;\n   ```\n\n## Impact\n- **Confidentiality:** High. Exfiltration of sensitive internal network data or cloud credentials.\n- **Integrity:** Low. Possible interaction with state-changing internal REST APIs.\n- **Availability:** None.\n- **CVSS Score:** 8.6 (High) - `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N`\n\n## Remediation\nBy default, in Server Mode, remote HTTP fetches to local/private IP ranges and known Cloud Metadata IP addresses should be blocked unless explicitly enabled via configuration.",
  "id": "GHSA-hwrq-8wxh-q4xv",
  "modified": "2026-07-14T20:02:06Z",
  "published": "2026-07-14T20:02:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/julien040/anyquery/security/advisories/GHSA-hwrq-8wxh-q4xv"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/julien040/anyquery"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/julien040/anyquery/releases/tag/0.4.5"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Anyquery: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) via Unrestricted SQLite Virtual Table Modules in Server Mode"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-48551"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-441"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-04T19:15:42Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In multiple locations, there is a possible leak of an image across the Android User isolation boundary due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.",
  "id": "GHSA-j7rj-x55g-hc96",
  "modified": "2025-09-04T21:31:38Z",
  "published": "2025-09-04T21:31:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48551"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/modules/IntentResolver/+/13c30b464d042f3e00899ffcf1c02b76bc35f769"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2025-09-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-48555"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-441"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-08T17:16:14Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In multiple functions of NotificationStation.java, there is a possible cross-profile information disclosure due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
  "id": "GHSA-jccv-fjr8-jxpq",
  "modified": "2025-12-08T21:30:20Z",
  "published": "2025-12-08T18:30:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48555"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/apps/Settings/+/596c7b9911f2004df83b8d2708ad4b50e8d53805"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2025-12-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/go-kratos/kratos/v2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "2.9.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-6993"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-441"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-05T20:24:19Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-25T19:16:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A security flaw has been discovered in go-kratos kratos up to 2.9.2. This impacts the function NewServer of the file transport/http/server.go of the component http.DefaultServeMux Fallback Handler. The manipulation results in unintended intermediary. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The patch is identified as 0284a5bcf92b5a7ee015300ce3051baf7ae4718d. Applying a patch is advised to resolve this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-jj45-xvq5-rhh9",
  "modified": "2026-05-05T20:24:19Z",
  "published": "2026-04-25T21:30:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-6993"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-kratos/kratos/issues/3810"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-kratos/kratos/pull/3814"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Yanhu007/kratos/commit/0284a5bcf92b5a7ee015300ce3051baf7ae4718d"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-kratos/kratos"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/797099"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/359545"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/359545/cti"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Kratos has a Confused Deputy issue"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-48628"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-441"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-08T17:16:19Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In validateIconUserBoundary of PrintManagerService.java, there is a possible cross-user image leak due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
  "id": "GHSA-jj67-w8gj-6whm",
  "modified": "2025-12-08T21:30:21Z",
  "published": "2025-12-08T18:30:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48628"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/9489a5dcd3cdd426d5b39d9caf6bb78142af2399"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2025-12-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}