CWE-434
AllowedUnrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.
6008 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-RJ73-QP5Q-PPQX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-07 18:30A Remote Code Execution vulnerability was found in CODEASTRO Membership Management System v1.0 in /add_members.php. This vulnerability affects the file upload functionality, where improper file sanitization allows attackers to inject malicious files which leads RCE.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-36387"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-07T16:16:19Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A Remote Code Execution vulnerability was found in CODEASTRO Membership Management System v1.0 in /add_members.php. This vulnerability affects the file upload functionality, where improper file sanitization allows attackers to inject malicious files which leads RCE.",
"id": "GHSA-rj73-qp5q-ppqx",
"modified": "2026-05-07T18:30:40Z",
"published": "2026-05-07T18:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-36387"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/raneishajustin/CVE/tree/main/CVE-2026-36387"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://codeastro.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RJ99-FCJ2-R7FW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-01 09:30 – Updated: 2023-03-10 18:30A vulnerability in the Web UI and administrative CLI of the Cisco Secure Email Gateway (ESA) and Cisco Secure Email and Web Manager (SMA) could allow an authenticated remote attacker and or authenticated local attacker to escalate their privilege level and gain root access. The attacker has to have a valid user credential with at least a [[privilege of operator - validate actual name]]. The vulnerability is due to the processing of a specially crafted SNMP configuration file. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by authenticating to the targeted device and uploading a specially crafted SNMP configuration file that when uploaded could allow for the execution of commands as root. An exploit could allow the attacker to gain root access on the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-20009"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-01T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the Web UI and administrative CLI of the Cisco Secure Email Gateway (ESA) and Cisco Secure Email and Web Manager (SMA) could allow an authenticated remote attacker and or authenticated local attacker to escalate their privilege level and gain root access. The attacker has to have a valid user credential with at least a [[privilege of operator - validate actual name]]. The vulnerability is due to the processing of a specially crafted SNMP configuration file. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by authenticating to the targeted device and uploading a specially crafted SNMP configuration file that when uploaded could allow for the execution of commands as root. An exploit could allow the attacker to gain root access on the device.",
"id": "GHSA-rj99-fcj2-r7fw",
"modified": "2023-03-10T18:30:22Z",
"published": "2023-03-01T09:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20009"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-esa-sma-privesc-9DVkFpJ8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RJ9J-FP9V-93PR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-12 21:32 – Updated: 2025-09-15 18:31An issue in Audi UTR 2.0 Universal Traffic Recorder 2.0 allows attackers to arbitrarily overwrite files via supplying a crafted PUT request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-45586"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-12T21:15:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue in Audi UTR 2.0 Universal Traffic Recorder 2.0 allows attackers to arbitrarily overwrite files via supplying a crafted PUT request.",
"id": "GHSA-rj9j-fp9v-93pr",
"modified": "2025-09-15T18:31:06Z",
"published": "2025-09-12T21:32:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-45586"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://2barbie.notion.site/2024-Audi-UTR-2-0-Report-1bff0be688c680cb8795efe78732f8b9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RJC2-X53R-6C9R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:19 – Updated: 2023-07-07 18:19In baserCMS before 4.1.4, lib\Baser\Model\ThemeConfig.php allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via the admin/theme_configs/form data[ThemeConfig][logo] parameter.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "baserproject/basercms"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-18942"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-07T18:19:54Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2018-11-05T09:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In baserCMS before 4.1.4, `lib\\Baser\\Model\\ThemeConfig.php` allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via the `admin/theme_configs/form data[ThemeConfig][logo]` parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-rjc2-x53r-6c9r",
"modified": "2023-07-07T18:19:54Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:19:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-18942"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/baserproject/basercms/issues/959"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200130073341/https://basercms.net/release/4_1_4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211209034642/http://sunu11.com/2018/10/31/baserCMS"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "RCE in baserCMS before 4.1.4"
}
GHSA-RJH2-GMGG-8R92
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-01 06:30 – Updated: 2023-02-08 21:30A CWE-434: Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability exists that could cause remote code execution when the attacker uploads a malicious JSP file. Affected Products: APC Easy UPS Online Monitoring Software (Windows 7, 10, 11 & Windows Server 2016, 2019, 2022 - Versions prior to V2.5-GA), APC Easy UPS Online Monitoring Software (Windows 11, Windows Server 2019, 2022 - Versions prior to V2.5-GA-01-22261), Schneider Electric Easy UPS Online Monitoring Software (Windows 7, 10, 11 & Windows Server 2016, 2019, 2022 - Versions prior to V2.5-GS), Schneider Electric Easy UPS Online Monitoring Software (Windows 11, Windows Server 2019, 2022 - Versions prior to V2.5-GS-01-22261)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-42971"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-01T04:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A CWE-434: Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability exists that could cause remote code execution when the attacker uploads a malicious JSP file. Affected Products: APC Easy UPS Online Monitoring Software (Windows 7, 10, 11 \u0026 Windows Server 2016, 2019, 2022 - Versions prior to V2.5-GA), APC Easy UPS Online Monitoring Software (Windows 11, Windows Server 2019, 2022 - Versions prior to V2.5-GA-01-22261), Schneider Electric Easy UPS Online Monitoring Software (Windows 7, 10, 11 \u0026 Windows Server 2016, 2019, 2022 - Versions prior to V2.5-GS), Schneider Electric Easy UPS Online Monitoring Software (Windows 11, Windows Server 2019, 2022 - Versions prior to V2.5-GS-01-22261)",
"id": "GHSA-rjh2-gmgg-8r92",
"modified": "2023-02-08T21:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-02-01T06:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42971"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_Doc_SEVD-2022-347-01\u0026p_enDocType=Security+and+Safety+Notice\u0026p_File_Name=SEVD-2022-347-01_Easy_UPS_Online_Monitoring_Software_Security_Notification.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RJV5-9XJQ-63W7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-22 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-27 21:31Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in blazethemes Blogzee blogzee allows Using Malicious Files.This issue affects Blogzee: from n/a through <= 1.0.5.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-68910"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-22T17:16:14Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in blazethemes Blogzee blogzee allows Using Malicious Files.This issue affects Blogzee: from n/a through \u003c= 1.0.5.",
"id": "GHSA-rjv5-9xjq-63w7",
"modified": "2026-01-27T21:31:42Z",
"published": "2026-01-22T18:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68910"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Theme/blogzee/vulnerability/wordpress-blogzee-theme-1-0-5-arbitrary-file-upload-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RJX6-82GP-M7GG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-15 15:31 – Updated: 2025-10-03 03:30An unauthenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability exists in Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware version 15.1 and earlier via the ELFinder component's default connector (connector.minimal.php), which allows remote attackers to upload and execute malicious PHP scripts in the context of the web server. The vulnerable component does not enforce file type validation, allowing attackers to craft a POST request to upload executable PHP payloads through the ELFinder interface exposed at /vendor_extra/elfinder/.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-34111"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-15T13:15:30Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An unauthenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability exists in Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware version 15.1 and earlier via the ELFinder component\u0027s default connector (connector.minimal.php), which allows remote attackers to upload and execute malicious PHP scripts in the context of the web server. The vulnerable component does not enforce file type validation, allowing attackers to craft a POST request to upload executable PHP payloads through the ELFinder interface exposed at /vendor_extra/elfinder/.",
"id": "GHSA-rjx6-82gp-m7gg",
"modified": "2025-10-03T03:30:27Z",
"published": "2025-07-15T15:31:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-34111"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/master/modules/exploits/unix/webapp/tikiwiki_upload_exec.rb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tiki.org/article434-Security-update-Tiki-15-2-Tiki-14-4-and-Tiki-12-9-released"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40091"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/tiki-wiki-el-finder-unauthenticated-file-upload-rce"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RM26-R3RV-HXPP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:47 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:47The WP-Curriculo Vitae Free WordPress plugin through 6.3 suffers from an arbitrary file upload issue in page where the [formCadastro] is embed. The form allows unauthenticated user to register and submit files for their profile picture as well as resume, without any file extension restriction, leading to RCE.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-24222"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-04-12T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The WP-Curriculo Vitae Free WordPress plugin through 6.3 suffers from an arbitrary file upload issue in page where the [formCadastro] is embed. The form allows unauthenticated user to register and submit files for their profile picture as well as resume, without any file extension restriction, leading to RCE.",
"id": "GHSA-rm26-r3rv-hxpp",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:47:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:47:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-24222"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jinhuang1102/CVE-ID-Reports/blob/145fc4e34c9b9799275c8e19d6b02f544c88126b/WP_Curriculo_Free.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/4d715de6-8595-4da9-808a-04a28e409900"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-RM34-FG4M-39MW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-04 21:30 – Updated: 2026-05-08 18:48OpenSTAManager versions 2.10 and earlier contain an arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the module update functionality (modules/aggiornamenti/upload_modules.php).
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "devcode-it/openstamanager"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "2.10-beta"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-38751"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-08T18:48:46Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-04T19:16:03Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "OpenSTAManager versions 2.10 and earlier contain an arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the module update functionality (modules/aggiornamenti/upload_modules.php).",
"id": "GHSA-rm34-fg4m-39mw",
"modified": "2026-05-08T18:48:46Z",
"published": "2026-05-04T21:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-38751"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/devcode-it/openstamanager"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fuutianyii/poc"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "OpenSTAManager contains an arbitrary file upload vulnerability in its module update functionality "
}
GHSA-RM3Q-QFRM-FRRV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:17 – Updated: 2024-04-24 22:28An arbitrary file upload vulnerability, present in TeamPass before 2.1.27.9, allows remote authenticated users to upload arbitrary files leading to Remote Command Execution. To exploit this vulnerability, an authenticated attacker has to tamper with parameters of a request to upload.files.php, in order to select the correct branch and be able to upload any arbitrary file. From there, it can simply access the file to execute code on the server.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "nilsteampassnet/teampass"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.27.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-15054"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-24T22:28:21Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2017-11-27T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An arbitrary file upload vulnerability, present in TeamPass before 2.1.27.9, allows remote authenticated users to upload arbitrary files leading to Remote Command Execution. To exploit this vulnerability, an authenticated attacker has to tamper with parameters of a request to upload.files.php, in order to select the correct branch and be able to upload any arbitrary file. From there, it can simply access the file to execute code on the server.",
"id": "GHSA-rm3q-qfrm-frrv",
"modified": "2024-04-24T22:28:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:17:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-15054"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nilsteampassnet/TeamPass/commit/9811c9d453da4bd1101ff7033250d1fbedf101fc"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/nilsteampassnet/TeamPass"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://blog.amossys.fr/teampass-multiple-cve-01.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "TeamPass arbitrary file upload vulnerability"
}
Mitigation
Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-21
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation
Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.
Mitigation
Strategy: Input Validation
Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation
When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.
Mitigation
Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.