CWE-404
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Resource Shutdown or Release
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not release or incorrectly releases a resource before it is made available for re-use.
1219 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-M83W-55JJ-J9MX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-18 09:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
btrfs: replace BUG_ON() with error handling at update_ref_for_cow()
Instead of a BUG_ON() just return an error, log an error message and abort the transaction in case we find an extent buffer belonging to the relocation tree that doesn't have the full backref flag set. This is unexpected and should never happen (save for bugs or a potential bad memory).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-46752"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-18T08:15:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbtrfs: replace BUG_ON() with error handling at update_ref_for_cow()\n\nInstead of a BUG_ON() just return an error, log an error message and\nabort the transaction in case we find an extent buffer belonging to the\nrelocation tree that doesn\u0027t have the full backref flag set. This is\nunexpected and should never happen (save for bugs or a potential bad\nmemory).",
"id": "GHSA-m83w-55jj-j9mx",
"modified": "2025-11-04T00:31:29Z",
"published": "2024-09-18T09:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-46752"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0fbac73a97286a7ec72229cb9b42d760a2c717ac"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/41a0f85e268d72fe04f731b8ceea4748c2d65491"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b50857b96429a09fd3beed9f7f21b7bb7c433688"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b56329a782314fde5b61058e2a25097af7ccb675"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f895db00c65e5d77c437cce946da9ec29dcdf563"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/01/msg00001.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M982-7Q3H-R784
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-01 17:42 – Updated: 2026-07-01 17:42Summary
A memory-safety vulnerability in Open Babel's PQS parser caused an out-of-bounds (pre-buffer) read when reading a crafted input file.
Details
The flaw was in the lowerit helper used by the PQS parser. A
malformed input caused the helper to read one or more bytes before
the start of its input buffer.
Impact
Open Babel is a C++ library and CLI used to read and write chemistry
file formats; it is shipped by Linux distributions and embedded in
services that may parse untrusted input. Triggering this vulnerability
requires the victim to open a malicious PQS file with the obabel
tool, the OBConversion API, or any of the language bindings (Python,
Ruby, Java, R, Perl, C#, PHP).
Affected versions
All releases up to and including 3.1.1.
Patched version
3.2.0 (released 2026-05-26).
Patch
Fix commit: https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/commit/f4a5ebae Fixes consolidated in #2913.
A minimized reproducer for this CVE is checked in under
test/files/fuzz_regress/ and is exercised on every CI build under
ASAN+UBSAN by the fuzzregresstest harness.
Credit
Reported via OSS-Fuzz.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "openbabel"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-11000"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-01T17:42:20Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nA memory-safety vulnerability in Open Babel\u0027s PQS parser caused an\nout-of-bounds (pre-buffer) read when reading a crafted input file.\n\n### Details\n\nThe flaw was in the `lowerit` helper used by the PQS parser. A\nmalformed input caused the helper to read one or more bytes before\nthe start of its input buffer.\n\n### Impact\n\nOpen Babel is a C++ library and CLI used to read and write chemistry\nfile formats; it is shipped by Linux distributions and embedded in\nservices that may parse untrusted input. Triggering this vulnerability\nrequires the victim to open a malicious PQS file with the `obabel`\ntool, the `OBConversion` API, or any of the language bindings (Python,\nRuby, Java, R, Perl, C#, PHP).\n\n### Affected versions\n\nAll releases up to and including 3.1.1.\n\n### Patched version\n\n3.2.0 (released 2026-05-26).\n\n### Patch\n\nFix commit: https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/commit/f4a5ebae\nFixes consolidated in #2913.\n\nA minimized reproducer for this CVE is checked in under\n`test/files/fuzz_regress/` and is exercised on every CI build under\nASAN+UBSAN by the `fuzzregresstest` harness.\n\n### Credit\n\nReported via OSS-Fuzz.",
"id": "GHSA-m982-7q3h-r784",
"modified": "2026-07-01T17:42:20Z",
"published": "2026-07-01T17:42:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/security/advisories/GHSA-m982-7q3h-r784"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11000"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/issues/2826"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/commit/f4a5ebae"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/user-attachments/files/22318474/poc.zip"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.325928"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.325928"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.654066"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Open Babel has out-of-bounds read in PQS lowerit (pre-buffer read)"
}
GHSA-M9JJ-4RP8-MM96
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-08 03:31 – Updated: 2026-04-02 21:31The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14.4. Processing a file may lead to a denial-of-service or potentially disclose memory contents.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-23248"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-08T02:15:48Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14.4. Processing a file may lead to a denial-of-service or potentially disclose memory contents.",
"id": "GHSA-m9jj-4rp8-mm96",
"modified": "2026-04-02T21:31:37Z",
"published": "2024-03-08T03:31:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-23248"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120895"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214084"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214084"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Mar/21"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M9QJ-VFXM-2P5X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:16 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:16An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the Windows kernel fails to properly handle objects in memory, aka "Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability." This affects Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-8224"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-14T12:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the Windows kernel fails to properly handle objects in memory, aka \"Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability.\" This affects Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2.",
"id": "GHSA-m9qj-vfxm-2p5x",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:16:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:16:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-8224"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2018-8224"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104381"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041093"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MC6F-7CR6-6CWG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-16 15:33 – Updated: 2026-06-16 15:33A denial of service security issue exists in the affected product. The security issue stems from a fault occurring when a crafted CIP message is sent. Devices with less memory are more likely to be affected. This can result in a major nonrecoverable fault (MNRF). A program download is required to recover.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-11317"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-16T15:16:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A denial of service security issue exists in the\naffected product. The security issue stems from a fault occurring when a\ncrafted CIP message is sent. Devices with less memory are more likely to be\naffected. This can result in a major nonrecoverable fault (MNRF). A program\ndownload is required to recover.",
"id": "GHSA-mc6f-7cr6-6cwg",
"modified": "2026-06-16T15:33:51Z",
"published": "2026-06-16T15:33:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-11317"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.rockwellautomation.com/en-us/trust-center/security-advisories/advisory.SD1772.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-MCPG-92RM-RC27
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-28 18:30 – Updated: 2023-04-28 18:30A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Ubiquiti EdgeRouter X up to 2.0.9-hotfix.6. This affects an unknown part of the component Web Service. The manipulation leads to denial of service. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-227655.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2379"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-28T17:15:43Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in Ubiquiti EdgeRouter X up to 2.0.9-hotfix.6. This affects an unknown part of the component Web Service. The manipulation leads to denial of service. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-227655.",
"id": "GHSA-mcpg-92rm-rc27",
"modified": "2023-04-28T18:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-04-28T18:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2379"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/leetsun/IoT/tree/main/EdgeRouterX/DoS"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.227655"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.227655"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MF93-HQQ3-H8XG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-05 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:29Tenda AC6 US_AC6V4.0RTL_V02.03.01.26_cn.bin allows attackers (who have the administrator password) to cause a denial of service (device crash) via a long string in the wifiPwd_5G parameter to /goform/setWifi.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-40546"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-05T19:15:48Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Tenda AC6 US_AC6V4.0RTL_V02.03.01.26_cn.bin allows attackers (who have the administrator password) to cause a denial of service (device crash) via a long string in the wifiPwd_5G parameter to /goform/setWifi.",
"id": "GHSA-mf93-hqq3-h8xg",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:29:35Z",
"published": "2023-09-05T21:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-40546"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/doudoudedi/buffer_overflow/blob/main/Tenda%20AC6%20V4.0-Denial%20of%20Service%20Vulnerability.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MFRV-G7HM-2G5C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-01 12:31 – Updated: 2025-07-01 12:31Improper Resource Shutdown or Release vulnerability in ASR180x 、ASR190x in tr069 modules allows Resource Leak Exposure. This vulnerability is associated with program files tr069/tr069_uci.c.
This issue affects Falcon_Linux、Kestrel、Lapwing_Linux: before v1536.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-49483"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-01T12:15:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper Resource Shutdown or Release vulnerability in ASR180x \u3001ASR190x in tr069 modules allows Resource Leak Exposure. This vulnerability is associated with program files tr069/tr069_uci.c.\n\nThis issue affects Falcon_Linux\u3001Kestrel\u3001Lapwing_Linux: before v1536.",
"id": "GHSA-mfrv-g7hm-2g5c",
"modified": "2025-07-01T12:31:01Z",
"published": "2025-07-01T12:31:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49483"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.asrmicro.com/en/goods/psirt?cid=40"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MHFM-GFG6-RPXF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:58 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:28A vulnerability in the Secure Shell (SSH) session management for Cisco Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. The vulnerability exists because the SSH process is not properly deleted when an SSH connection to the device is disconnected. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by repeatedly opening SSH connections to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to exhaust system resources by initiating multiple SSH connections to the device that are not effectively terminated, which could result in a DoS condition.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-15262"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-10-16T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the Secure Shell (SSH) session management for Cisco Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. The vulnerability exists because the SSH process is not properly deleted when an SSH connection to the device is disconnected. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by repeatedly opening SSH connections to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to exhaust system resources by initiating multiple SSH connections to the device that are not effectively terminated, which could result in a DoS condition.",
"id": "GHSA-mhfm-gfg6-rpxf",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:28:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:58:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-15262"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20191016-wlc-ssh-dos"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MHPV-QVQJ-2PX4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-17 03:31 – Updated: 2025-02-17 03:31A vulnerability has been found in GNU elfutils 0.192 and classified as problematic. This vulnerability affects the function handle_dynamic_symtab of the file readelf.c of the component eu-read. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. Attacking locally is a requirement. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The patch is identified as b38e562a4c907e08171c76b8b2def8464d5a104a. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1371"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404",
"CWE-476"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-17T03:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in GNU elfutils 0.192 and classified as problematic. This vulnerability affects the function handle_dynamic_symtab of the file readelf.c of the component eu-read. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. Attacking locally is a requirement. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The patch is identified as b38e562a4c907e08171c76b8b2def8464d5a104a. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-mhpv-qvqj-2px4",
"modified": "2025-02-17T03:31:11Z",
"published": "2025-02-17T03:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1371"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/attachment.cgi?id=15926"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=32655"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=32655#c2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.295978"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.295978"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.496484"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.gnu.org"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, languages such as Java, Ruby, and Lisp perform automatic garbage collection that releases memory for objects that have been deallocated.
Mitigation
It is good practice to be responsible for freeing all resources you allocate and to be consistent with how and where you free memory in a function. If you allocate memory that you intend to free upon completion of the function, you must be sure to free the memory at all exit points for that function including error conditions.
Mitigation
Memory should be allocated/freed using matching functions such as malloc/free, new/delete, and new[]/delete[].
Mitigation
When releasing a complex object or structure, ensure that you properly dispose of all of its member components, not just the object itself.
CAPEC-125: Flooding
An adversary consumes the resources of a target by rapidly engaging in a large number of interactions with the target. This type of attack generally exposes a weakness in rate limiting or flow. When successful this attack prevents legitimate users from accessing the service and can cause the target to crash. This attack differs from resource depletion through leaks or allocations in that the latter attacks do not rely on the volume of requests made to the target but instead focus on manipulation of the target's operations. The key factor in a flooding attack is the number of requests the adversary can make in a given period of time. The greater this number, the more likely an attack is to succeed against a given target.
CAPEC-130: Excessive Allocation
An adversary causes the target to allocate excessive resources to servicing the attackers' request, thereby reducing the resources available for legitimate services and degrading or denying services. Usually, this attack focuses on memory allocation, but any finite resource on the target could be the attacked, including bandwidth, processing cycles, or other resources. This attack does not attempt to force this allocation through a large number of requests (that would be Resource Depletion through Flooding) but instead uses one or a small number of requests that are carefully formatted to force the target to allocate excessive resources to service this request(s). Often this attack takes advantage of a bug in the target to cause the target to allocate resources vastly beyond what would be needed for a normal request.
CAPEC-131: Resource Leak Exposure
An adversary utilizes a resource leak on the target to deplete the quantity of the resource available to service legitimate requests.
CAPEC-494: TCP Fragmentation
An adversary may execute a TCP Fragmentation attack against a target with the intention of avoiding filtering rules of network controls, by attempting to fragment the TCP packet such that the headers flag field is pushed into the second fragment which typically is not filtered.
CAPEC-495: UDP Fragmentation
An attacker may execute a UDP Fragmentation attack against a target server in an attempt to consume resources such as bandwidth and CPU. IP fragmentation occurs when an IP datagram is larger than the MTU of the route the datagram has to traverse. Typically the attacker will use large UDP packets over 1500 bytes of data which forces fragmentation as ethernet MTU is 1500 bytes. This attack is a variation on a typical UDP flood but it enables more network bandwidth to be consumed with fewer packets. Additionally it has the potential to consume server CPU resources and fill memory buffers associated with the processing and reassembling of fragmented packets.
CAPEC-496: ICMP Fragmentation
An attacker may execute a ICMP Fragmentation attack against a target with the intention of consuming resources or causing a crash. The attacker crafts a large number of identical fragmented IP packets containing a portion of a fragmented ICMP message. The attacker these sends these messages to a target host which causes the host to become non-responsive. Another vector may be sending a fragmented ICMP message to a target host with incorrect sizes in the header which causes the host to hang.
CAPEC-666: BlueSmacking
An adversary uses Bluetooth flooding to transfer large packets to Bluetooth enabled devices over the L2CAP protocol with the goal of creating a DoS. This attack must be carried out within close proximity to a Bluetooth enabled device.