CWE-404
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Resource Shutdown or Release
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not release or incorrectly releases a resource before it is made available for re-use.
1219 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-F233-MJH6-2VXG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-13 00:31 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:33This issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.7.6, macOS Sequoia 15.5, macOS Sonoma 14.7.6. Mounting a maliciously crafted AFP network share may lead to system termination.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-31237"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-12T22:15:24Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.7.6, macOS Sequoia 15.5, macOS Sonoma 14.7.6. Mounting a maliciously crafted AFP network share may lead to system termination.",
"id": "GHSA-f233-mjh6-2vxg",
"modified": "2025-11-03T21:33:53Z",
"published": "2025-05-13T00:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31237"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122716"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122717"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122718"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/May/7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/May/8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/May/9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F2RQ-MJH9-5WV8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:42 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:42In Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android, with all Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, when memory allocation fails while creating a calibration block in create_cal_block stale pointers are left uncleared.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-11016"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-12-05T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android, with all Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, when memory allocation fails while creating a calibration block in create_cal_block stale pointers are left uncleared.",
"id": "GHSA-f2rq-mjh9-5wv8",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:42:05Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:42:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-11016"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2017-12-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F3HP-Q8M3-G693
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-29 00:01 – Updated: 2022-04-05 00:00** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in WEKA INTEREST Security Scanner up to 1.8. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the component Webspider. The manipulation with an unknown input leads to denial of service. Local access is required to approach this attack. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-20014"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-28T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in WEKA INTEREST Security Scanner up to 1.8. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the component Webspider. The manipulation with an unknown input leads to denial of service. Local access is required to approach this attack. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-f3hp-q8m3-g693",
"modified": "2022-04-05T00:00:46Z",
"published": "2022-03-29T00:01:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-20014"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.101969"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.101972"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.computec.ch/news.php?item.117"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F4C9-2Q5G-HQ95
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-11 09:30 – Updated: 2025-08-11 09:30A vulnerability was found in JasPer up to 4.2.5. Affected by this vulnerability is the function jas_image_chclrspc of the file src/libjasper/base/jas_image.c of the component Image Color Space Conversion Handler. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of the patch is bb7d62bd0a2a8e0e1fdb4d603f3305f955158c52. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-8835"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404",
"CWE-476"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-11T07:15:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in JasPer up to 4.2.5. Affected by this vulnerability is the function jas_image_chclrspc of the file src/libjasper/base/jas_image.c of the component Image Color Space Conversion Handler. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of the patch is bb7d62bd0a2a8e0e1fdb4d603f3305f955158c52. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-f4c9-2q5g-hq95",
"modified": "2025-08-11T09:30:36Z",
"published": "2025-08-11T09:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8835"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jasper-software/jasper/issues/400"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jasper-software/jasper/issues/400#issuecomment-3134702772"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jasper-software/jasper/commit/bb7d62bd0a2a8e0e1fdb4d603f3305f955158c52"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1E754R-FsFkNJp9OYtu6Dqjv47uGSVP18/view?usp=sharing"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.319369"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.319369"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.622408"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-F5P6-74R7-WRQ2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-16 09:30 – Updated: 2025-05-16 09:30A vulnerability was found in D-Link DI-7003GV2 24.04.18D1 R(68125). It has been declared as problematic. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /H5/restart.asp. The manipulation leads to denial of service. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-4756"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-16T08:15:55Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in D-Link DI-7003GV2 24.04.18D1 R(68125). It has been declared as problematic. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /H5/restart.asp. The manipulation leads to denial of service. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-f5p6-74r7-wrq2",
"modified": "2025-05-16T09:30:36Z",
"published": "2025-05-16T09:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4756"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/at0de/my_vulns/blob/main/Dlink/Di-7003GV2/restart.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.309058"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.309058"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.571077"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-F65M-4W8W-H76Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-01 12:31 – Updated: 2025-12-22 18:30Improper Resource Shutdown or Release vulnerability in ASR Falcon_Linux、Kestrel、Lapwing_Linux on Linux (traffic_stat modules) allows Resource Leak Exposure. This vulnerability is associated with program files traffic_stat/traffic_service/traffic_service.C.
This issue affects Falcon_Linux、Kestrel、Lapwing_Linux: before v1536.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-49491"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-01T11:15:21Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper Resource Shutdown or Release vulnerability in ASR Falcon_Linux\u3001Kestrel\u3001Lapwing_Linux on Linux (traffic_stat modules) allows Resource Leak Exposure. This vulnerability is associated with program files traffic_stat/traffic_service/traffic_service.C.\n\nThis issue affects Falcon_Linux\u3001Kestrel\u3001Lapwing_Linux: before v1536.",
"id": "GHSA-f65m-4w8w-h76q",
"modified": "2025-12-22T18:30:24Z",
"published": "2025-07-01T12:31:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49491"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.asrmicro.com/en/goods/psirt?cid=40"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F67V-6P73-PVC5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-11 15:32 – Updated: 2026-05-11 15:32A vulnerability was identified in Open5GS up to 2.7.7. This vulnerability affects the function smf_nsmf_handle_update_data_in_vsmf of the file /src/smf/nsmf-handler.c of the component SMF. The manipulation of the argument qosFlowProfile leads to denial of service. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-8289"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-11T14:16:34Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was identified in Open5GS up to 2.7.7. This vulnerability affects the function smf_nsmf_handle_update_data_in_vsmf of the file /src/smf/nsmf-handler.c of the component SMF. The manipulation of the argument qosFlowProfile leads to denial of service. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.",
"id": "GHSA-f67v-6p73-pvc5",
"modified": "2026-05-11T15:32:12Z",
"published": "2026-05-11T15:32:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-8289"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/open5gs/open5gs/issues/4453"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/open5gs/open5gs"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/808490"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/362586"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/362586/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-F6M6-XGX3-FG98
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:53 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:53An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in Windows when the Win32k component fails to properly handle objects in memory, aka "Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability." This affects Windows 7, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 10, Windows 10 Servers. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-8120, CVE-2018-8164, CVE-2018-8166.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-8124"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-05-09T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in Windows when the Win32k component fails to properly handle objects in memory, aka \"Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability.\" This affects Windows 7, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 10, Windows 10 Servers. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-8120, CVE-2018-8164, CVE-2018-8166.",
"id": "GHSA-f6m6-xgx3-fg98",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:53:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:53:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-8124"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2018-8124"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104037"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040849"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F7WQ-7CMJ-9WQJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-10 00:00 – Updated: 2026-07-05 00:31A DoS attack in the web application of D-Link DIR-X1860 before v1.10WWB09_Beta allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to reboot the router via sending a specially crafted URL to an authenticated victim. The authenticated victim need to visit this URL, for the router to reboot.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-41441"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-09T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A DoS attack in the web application of D-Link DIR-X1860 before v1.10WWB09_Beta allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to reboot the router via sending a specially crafted URL to an authenticated victim. The authenticated victim need to visit this URL, for the router to reboot.",
"id": "GHSA-f7wq-7cmj-9wqj",
"modified": "2026-07-05T00:31:24Z",
"published": "2022-02-10T00:00:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-41441"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/announcement/publication.aspx?name=SAP10283"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://d-link.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://dir-x1860.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F8W4-FPHR-9Q3W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-07 18:30 – Updated: 2026-03-07 18:30A vulnerability was identified in xlnt-community xlnt up to 1.6.1. The affected element is the function xlnt::detail::xlsx_consumer::read_office_document of the file source/detail/serialization/xlsx_consumer.cpp of the component XLSX File Parser. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. The attack must be carried out locally. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-3665"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-404"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-07T16:15:56Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was identified in xlnt-community xlnt up to 1.6.1. The affected element is the function xlnt::detail::xlsx_consumer::read_office_document of the file source/detail/serialization/xlsx_consumer.cpp of the component XLSX File Parser. The manipulation leads to null pointer dereference. The attack must be carried out locally. The exploit is publicly available and might be used.",
"id": "GHSA-f8w4-fphr-9q3w",
"modified": "2026-03-07T18:30:31Z",
"published": "2026-03-07T18:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3665"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xlnt-community/xlnt/issues/140"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/oneafter/0128/blob/main/xl4/repro"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xlnt-community/xlnt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.349554"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.349554"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.764647"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, languages such as Java, Ruby, and Lisp perform automatic garbage collection that releases memory for objects that have been deallocated.
Mitigation
It is good practice to be responsible for freeing all resources you allocate and to be consistent with how and where you free memory in a function. If you allocate memory that you intend to free upon completion of the function, you must be sure to free the memory at all exit points for that function including error conditions.
Mitigation
Memory should be allocated/freed using matching functions such as malloc/free, new/delete, and new[]/delete[].
Mitigation
When releasing a complex object or structure, ensure that you properly dispose of all of its member components, not just the object itself.
CAPEC-125: Flooding
An adversary consumes the resources of a target by rapidly engaging in a large number of interactions with the target. This type of attack generally exposes a weakness in rate limiting or flow. When successful this attack prevents legitimate users from accessing the service and can cause the target to crash. This attack differs from resource depletion through leaks or allocations in that the latter attacks do not rely on the volume of requests made to the target but instead focus on manipulation of the target's operations. The key factor in a flooding attack is the number of requests the adversary can make in a given period of time. The greater this number, the more likely an attack is to succeed against a given target.
CAPEC-130: Excessive Allocation
An adversary causes the target to allocate excessive resources to servicing the attackers' request, thereby reducing the resources available for legitimate services and degrading or denying services. Usually, this attack focuses on memory allocation, but any finite resource on the target could be the attacked, including bandwidth, processing cycles, or other resources. This attack does not attempt to force this allocation through a large number of requests (that would be Resource Depletion through Flooding) but instead uses one or a small number of requests that are carefully formatted to force the target to allocate excessive resources to service this request(s). Often this attack takes advantage of a bug in the target to cause the target to allocate resources vastly beyond what would be needed for a normal request.
CAPEC-131: Resource Leak Exposure
An adversary utilizes a resource leak on the target to deplete the quantity of the resource available to service legitimate requests.
CAPEC-494: TCP Fragmentation
An adversary may execute a TCP Fragmentation attack against a target with the intention of avoiding filtering rules of network controls, by attempting to fragment the TCP packet such that the headers flag field is pushed into the second fragment which typically is not filtered.
CAPEC-495: UDP Fragmentation
An attacker may execute a UDP Fragmentation attack against a target server in an attempt to consume resources such as bandwidth and CPU. IP fragmentation occurs when an IP datagram is larger than the MTU of the route the datagram has to traverse. Typically the attacker will use large UDP packets over 1500 bytes of data which forces fragmentation as ethernet MTU is 1500 bytes. This attack is a variation on a typical UDP flood but it enables more network bandwidth to be consumed with fewer packets. Additionally it has the potential to consume server CPU resources and fill memory buffers associated with the processing and reassembling of fragmented packets.
CAPEC-496: ICMP Fragmentation
An attacker may execute a ICMP Fragmentation attack against a target with the intention of consuming resources or causing a crash. The attacker crafts a large number of identical fragmented IP packets containing a portion of a fragmented ICMP message. The attacker these sends these messages to a target host which causes the host to become non-responsive. Another vector may be sending a fragmented ICMP message to a target host with incorrect sizes in the header which causes the host to hang.
CAPEC-666: BlueSmacking
An adversary uses Bluetooth flooding to transfer large packets to Bluetooth enabled devices over the L2CAP protocol with the goal of creating a DoS. This attack must be carried out within close proximity to a Bluetooth enabled device.