Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-400

Discouraged

Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.

5569 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-PH25-G94C-MV3M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-10 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-24 00:01
VLAI
Details

Windows Common Log File System Driver Denial of Service Vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-22710"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-02-09T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Windows Common Log File System Driver Denial of Service Vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-ph25-g94c-mv3m",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T00:01:05Z",
  "published": "2022-02-10T00:00:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22710"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2022-22710"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2022-22710"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PH3C-MRWQ-RQJW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-03 21:30 – Updated: 2025-10-08 18:30
VLAI
Details

An uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability has been reported to affect Qsync Central. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack.

We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: Qsync Central 5.0.0.2 ( 2025/07/31 ) and later

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-52867"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-03T19:15:48Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability has been reported to affect Qsync Central. If a remote attacker gains a user account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to launch a denial-of-service (DoS) attack.\n\nWe have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version:\nQsync Central 5.0.0.2 ( 2025/07/31 ) and later",
  "id": "GHSA-ph3c-mrwq-rqjw",
  "modified": "2025-10-08T18:30:15Z",
  "published": "2025-10-03T21:30:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52867"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-25-35"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PH52-67FQ-75WJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-04 06:12 – Updated: 2026-04-07 14:20
VLAI
Summary
Directus: GraphQL Alias Amplification Denial of Service Due to Missing Query Cost/Complexity Limits
Details

Summary

Directus' GraphQL endpoints (/graphql and /graphql/system) did not deduplicate resolver invocations within a single request. An authenticated user could exploit GraphQL aliasing to repeat an expensive relational query many times in a single request, forcing the server to execute a large number of independent complex database queries concurrently, multiplying database load linearly with the number of aliases. The existing token limit on GraphQL queries still permitted enough aliases for significant resource exhaustion, while the relational depth limit applied per alias without reducing the total number executed. Rate limiting is disabled by default, meaning no built-in throttle prevented this from causing CPU, memory, and I/O exhaustion that could degrade or crash the service. Any authenticated user, including those with minimal read-only permissions, could trigger this condition.

Fix

A request-scoped resolver deduplication mechanism was introduced and applied broadly across all GraphQL read resolvers, both system and items endpoints. When multiple aliases in a single request invoke the same resolver with identical arguments, only the first call executes; all subsequent aliases share its result. This eliminates the amplification factor regardless of how many aliases a query contains.

Impact

  • Service degradation or outage: Concurrent complex database queries exhaust the connection pool and server resources, affecting all users
  • Low privilege required: Any authenticated user, including those with read-only access to a single collection, can trigger this condition
  • Linear scaling: Impact scales with the number of aliases and depth of relational queries
  • Compounded by concurrency: Multiple simultaneous requests multiply the effect further
Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "directus"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "11.17.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-35441"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-04T06:12:52Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-06T22:16:22Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nDirectus\u0027 GraphQL endpoints (`/graphql` and `/graphql/system`) did not deduplicate resolver invocations within a single request. An authenticated user could exploit GraphQL aliasing to repeat an expensive relational query many times in a single request, forcing the server to execute a large number of independent complex database queries concurrently, multiplying database load linearly with the number of aliases. The existing token limit on GraphQL queries still permitted enough aliases for significant resource exhaustion, while the relational depth limit applied per alias without reducing the total number executed. Rate limiting is disabled by default, meaning no built-in throttle prevented this from causing CPU, memory, and I/O exhaustion that could degrade or crash the service. Any authenticated user, including those with minimal read-only permissions, could trigger this condition.\n\n### Fix\n\nA request-scoped resolver deduplication mechanism was introduced and applied broadly across all GraphQL read resolvers, both system and items endpoints. When multiple aliases in a single request invoke the same resolver with identical arguments, only the first call executes; all subsequent aliases share its result. This eliminates the amplification factor regardless of how many aliases a query contains.\n\n### Impact\n\n- **Service degradation or outage:** Concurrent complex database queries exhaust the connection pool and server resources, affecting all users\n- **Low privilege required:** Any authenticated user, including those with read-only access to a single collection, can trigger this condition\n- **Linear scaling:** Impact scales with the number of aliases and depth of relational queries\n- **Compounded by concurrency:** Multiple simultaneous requests multiply the effect further",
  "id": "GHSA-ph52-67fq-75wj",
  "modified": "2026-04-07T14:20:15Z",
  "published": "2026-04-04T06:12:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/directus/directus/security/advisories/GHSA-ph52-67fq-75wj"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35441"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/directus/directus"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Directus: GraphQL Alias Amplification Denial of Service Due to Missing Query Cost/Complexity Limits"
}

GHSA-PH84-8V89-25Q8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-20 12:32 – Updated: 2025-03-20 12:32
VLAI
Details

An unauthenticated Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability was identified in ChuanhuChatGPT version 20240918, which could be exploited by sending large data payloads using a multipart boundary. Although a patch was applied for CVE-2024-7807, the issue can still be exploited by sending data in groups with 10 characters in a line, with multiple lines. This can cause the system to continuously process these characters, resulting in prolonged unavailability of the service. The exploitation now requires low privilege if authentication is enabled due to a version upgrade in Gradio.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-10650"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-20T10:15:18Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An unauthenticated Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability was identified in ChuanhuChatGPT version 20240918, which could be exploited by sending large data payloads using a multipart boundary. Although a patch was applied for CVE-2024-7807, the issue can still be exploited by sending data in groups with 10 characters in a line, with multiple lines. This can cause the system to continuously process these characters, resulting in prolonged unavailability of the service. The exploitation now requires low privilege if authentication is enabled due to a version upgrade in Gradio.",
  "id": "GHSA-ph84-8v89-25q8",
  "modified": "2025-03-20T12:32:39Z",
  "published": "2025-03-20T12:32:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-10650"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/f820371d-a878-44bf-b1fd-2d837dd58eb4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PH84-RCJ2-FXXM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-06 18:30 – Updated: 2025-04-05 00:30
VLAI
Details

Starting in Python 3.12.0, the asyncio._SelectorSocketTransport.writelines() method would not "pause" writing and signal to the Protocol to drain the buffer to the wire once the write buffer reached the "high-water mark". Because of this, Protocols would not periodically drain the write buffer potentially leading to memory exhaustion.

This vulnerability likely impacts a small number of users, you must be using Python 3.12.0 or later, on macOS or Linux, using the asyncio module with protocols, and using .writelines() method which had new zero-copy-on-write behavior in Python 3.12.0 and later. If not all of these factors are true then your usage of Python is unaffected.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-12254"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-06T16:15:20Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Starting in Python 3.12.0, the asyncio._SelectorSocketTransport.writelines()\n method would not \"pause\" writing and signal to the Protocol to drain \nthe buffer to the wire once the write buffer reached the \"high-water \nmark\". Because of this, Protocols would not periodically drain the write\n buffer potentially leading to memory exhaustion.\n\n\n\n\n\nThis\n vulnerability likely impacts a small number of users, you must be using\n Python 3.12.0 or later, on macOS or Linux, using the asyncio module \nwith protocols, and using .writelines() method which had new \nzero-copy-on-write behavior in Python 3.12.0 and later. If not all of \nthese factors are true then your usage of Python is unaffected.",
  "id": "GHSA-ph84-rcj2-fxxm",
  "modified": "2025-04-05T00:30:26Z",
  "published": "2024-12-06T18:30:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-12254"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/127655"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/127656"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/71e8429ac8e2adc10084ab5ec29a62f4b6671a82"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/9aa0deb2eef2655a1029ba228527b152353135b5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/e991ac8f2037d78140e417cc9a9486223eb3e786"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://mail.python.org/archives/list/security-announce@python.org/thread/H4O3UBAOAQQXGT4RE3E4XQYR5XLROORB"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250404-0010"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/12/06/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PHC2-G348-384G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-04 06:30 – Updated: 2024-10-07 18:31
VLAI
Details

CUPS cups-browsed before 2.5b1 will send an HTTP POST request to an arbitrary destination and port in response to a single IPP UDP packet requesting a printer to be added, a different vulnerability than CVE-2024-47176. (The request is meant to probe the new printer but can be used to create DDoS amplification attacks.)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-47850"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-04T05:15:11Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "CUPS cups-browsed before 2.5b1 will send an HTTP POST request to an arbitrary destination and port in response to a single IPP UDP packet requesting a printer to be added, a different vulnerability than CVE-2024-47176. (The request is meant to probe the new printer but can be used to create DDoS amplification attacks.)",
  "id": "GHSA-phc2-g348-384g",
  "modified": "2024-10-07T18:31:03Z",
  "published": "2024-10-04T06:30:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenPrinting/cups-filters/security/advisories/GHSA-rq86-c7g6-r2h8"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47850"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/OpenPrinting/cups"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.akamai.com/blog/security-research/october-cups-ddos-threat"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PHF8-XFVH-MFWQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:45 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:45
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in the Cisco IOx Application Framework of Cisco 809 Industrial Integrated Services Routers (Industrial ISRs), Cisco 829 Industrial ISRs, Cisco CGR 1000 Compute Module, and Cisco IC3000 Industrial Compute Gateway could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient error handling during packet processing. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a high and sustained rate of crafted TCP traffic to the IOx web server on an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the IOx web server to stop processing requests, resulting in a DoS condition.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-1460"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-03-24T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in the Cisco IOx Application Framework of Cisco 809 Industrial Integrated Services Routers (Industrial ISRs), Cisco 829 Industrial ISRs, Cisco CGR 1000 Compute Module, and Cisco IC3000 Industrial Compute Gateway could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient error handling during packet processing. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a high and sustained rate of crafted TCP traffic to the IOx web server on an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the IOx web server to stop processing requests, resulting in a DoS condition.",
  "id": "GHSA-phf8-xfvh-mfwq",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:45:15Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:45:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1460"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-iox-dos-4Fgcjh6"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-PHGW-9RJ7-XGP6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-15 21:30 – Updated: 2025-03-13 15:32
VLAI
Details

Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: InnoDB). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.38 and prior, 8.4.1 and prior and 9.0.1 and prior. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.9 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-21207"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-15T20:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: InnoDB).  Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.38 and prior, 8.4.1 and prior and  9.0.1 and prior. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server.  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.9 (Availability impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).",
  "id": "GHSA-phgw-9rj7-xgp6",
  "modified": "2025-03-13T15:32:40Z",
  "published": "2024-10-15T21:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21207"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20241025-0007"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2024.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PHGX-P86H-27QM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:44 – Updated: 2022-07-13 00:00
VLAI
Details

IBM Spectrum Scale 5.0.0 through 5.0.5.5 and 5.1.0 through 5.1.0.2 could allow a local user with a valid role to the REST API to cause a denial of service due to weak or absense of rate limiting. IBM X-Force ID: 190973.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-4890"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-03-16T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM Spectrum Scale 5.0.0 through 5.0.5.5 and 5.1.0 through 5.1.0.2 could allow a local user with a valid role to the REST API to cause a denial of service due to weak or absense of rate limiting. IBM X-Force ID: 190973.",
  "id": "GHSA-phgx-p86h-27qm",
  "modified": "2022-07-13T00:00:51Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:44:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-4890"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/190973"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6430147"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PHJ7-PW7P-PXQ8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-26 09:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:09
VLAI
Details

Uncontrolled resource consumption in Series WAGO 750-3x/-8x products may allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to DoS the MODBUS server with specially crafted packets.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-1150"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-772"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-26T07:15:08Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Uncontrolled resource consumption in Series WAGO 750-3x/-8x products may allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to DoS the MODBUS server with specially crafted packets.",
  "id": "GHSA-phj7-pw7p-pxq8",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T05:09:36Z",
  "published": "2023-06-26T09:30:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1150"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert.vde.com/en/advisories/VDE-2023-005"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
  • The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
  • The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
  • recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
  • uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.

Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.

CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death

An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.

CAPEC-227: Sustained Client Engagement

An adversary attempts to deny legitimate users access to a resource by continually engaging a specific resource in an attempt to keep the resource tied up as long as possible. The adversary's primary goal is not to crash or flood the target, which would alert defenders; rather it is to repeatedly perform actions or abuse algorithmic flaws such that a given resource is tied up and not available to a legitimate user. By carefully crafting a requests that keep the resource engaged through what is seemingly benign requests, legitimate users are limited or completely denied access to the resource.

CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup

An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.