Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-400

Discouraged

Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.

5486 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-2MVQ-XP48-4C77

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-03 20:35 – Updated: 2021-09-29 18:37
VLAI
Summary
Denial of Service in subtext
Details

All versions of subtext are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS). The package fails to enforce the maxBytes configuration for payloads with chunked encoding that are written to the file system. This allows attackers to send requests with arbitrary payload sizes, which may exhaust system resources leading to Denial of Service.

Recommendation

This package is not actively maintained and has been moved to @hapi/subtext where version 6.1.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "subtext"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:49:45Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "All versions of `subtext` are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS). The package fails to enforce the `maxBytes` configuration for payloads with chunked encoding that are written to the file system. This allows attackers to send requests with arbitrary payload sizes, which may exhaust system resources leading to Denial of Service.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nThis package is not actively maintained and has been moved to `@hapi/subtext` where version 6.1.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-2mvq-xp48-4c77",
  "modified": "2021-09-29T18:37:04Z",
  "published": "2020-09-03T20:35:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hapijs/subtext/issues/72"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/hapijs/subtext"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/1168"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [],
  "summary": "Denial of Service in subtext"
}

GHSA-2P2C-VWQ7-7VG6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:27 – Updated: 2024-12-27 18:30
VLAI
Details

Node.js: All versions prior to Node.js 6.15.0, 8.14.0, 10.14.0 and 11.3.0: Denial of Service with large HTTP headers: By using a combination of many requests with maximum sized headers (almost 80 KB per connection), and carefully timed completion of the headers, it is possible to cause the HTTP server to abort from heap allocation failure. Attack potential is mitigated by the use of a load balancer or other proxy layer.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-12121"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-11-28T17:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Node.js: All versions prior to Node.js 6.15.0, 8.14.0, 10.14.0 and 11.3.0: Denial of Service with large HTTP headers: By using a combination of many requests with maximum sized headers (almost 80 KB per connection), and carefully timed completion of the headers, it is possible to cause the HTTP server to abort from heap allocation failure. Attack potential is mitigated by the use of a load balancer or other proxy layer.",
  "id": "GHSA-2p2c-vwq7-7vg6",
  "modified": "2024-12-27T18:30:25Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:27:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12121"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1821"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2258"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:3497"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/november-2018-security-releases"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202003-48"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20241227-0008"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106043"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2P3X-QW9C-25HH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-03-22 23:27 – Updated: 2022-02-08 21:33
VLAI
Summary
XStream can cause a Denial of Service.
Details

Impact

The vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to allocate 100% CPU time on the target system depending on CPU type or parallel execution of such a payload resulting in a denial of service only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types.

Patches

If you rely on XStream's default blacklist of the Security Framework, you will have to use at least version 1.4.16.

Workarounds

See workarounds for the different versions covering all CVEs.

References

See full information about the nature of the vulnerability and the steps to reproduce it in XStream's documentation for CVE-2021-21341.

Credits

The vulnerability was discovered and reported by threedr3am.

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in XStream * Contact us at XStream Google Group

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.4.16"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-21341"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-502",
      "CWE-835"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-03-22T23:23:33Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-03-23T00:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nThe vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to allocate 100% CPU time on the target system depending on CPU type or parallel execution of such a payload resulting in a denial of service only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream\u0027s security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types.\n\n### Patches\nIf you rely on XStream\u0027s default blacklist of the [Security Framework](https://x-stream.github.io/security.html#framework), you will have to use at least version 1.4.16.\n\n### Workarounds\nSee [workarounds](https://x-stream.github.io/security.html#workaround) for the different versions covering all CVEs.\n\n### References\nSee full information about the nature of the vulnerability and the steps to reproduce it in XStream\u0027s documentation for [CVE-2021-21341](https://x-stream.github.io/CVE-2021-21341.html).\n\n### Credits\nThe vulnerability was discovered and reported by threedr3am.\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [XStream](https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/issues)\n* Contact us at [XStream Google Group](https://groups.google.com/group/xstream-user)",
  "id": "GHSA-2p3x-qw9c-25hh",
  "modified": "2022-02-08T21:33:42Z",
  "published": "2021-03-22T23:27:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/security/advisories/GHSA-2p3x-qw9c-25hh"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21341"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/x-stream/xstream"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r8244fd0831db894d5e89911ded9c72196d395a90ae655414d23ed0dd@%3Cusers.activemq.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r9ac71b047767205aa22e3a08cb33f3e0586de6b2fac48b425c6e16b0@%3Cdev.jmeter.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/04/msg00002.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/22KVR6B5IZP3BGQ3HPWIO2FWWCKT3DHP"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PVPHZA7VW2RRSDCOIPP2W6O5ND254TU7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QGXIU3YDPG6OGTDHMBLAFN7BPBERXREB"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210430-0002"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-5004"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://x-stream.github.io/CVE-2021-21341.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://x-stream.github.io/security.html#workaround"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://x-stream.github.io/changes.html#1.4.16"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "XStream can cause a Denial of Service."
}

GHSA-2PFH-4X3H-W3HM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-25 18:32 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:53
VLAI
Details

A denial of service vulnerability was reported in the Lenovo HardwareScanPlugin versions prior to

1.3.1.2

and 

Lenovo Diagnostics versions prior to 4.45

that could allow a local user with administrative access to trigger a system crash.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-3698"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-10-25T18:17:15Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "\nA denial of service vulnerability was reported in the Lenovo HardwareScanPlugin versions prior to \n\n1.3.1.2\n\n and\u00a0\n\nLenovo Diagnostics versions prior to 4.45\n\n that could allow a local user with administrative access to trigger a system crash.\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-2pfh-4x3h-w3hm",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T08:53:52Z",
  "published": "2023-10-25T18:32:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3698"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/product_security/LEN-102365"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/product_security/LEN-94532"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2PGC-5R7F-433W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-30 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:23
VLAI
Details

An issue found in edjing Mix v.7.09.01 for Android allows a local attacker to cause a denial of service via the database files.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-29735"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-05-30T20:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue found in edjing Mix v.7.09.01 for Android allows a local attacker to cause a denial of service via the database files.",
  "id": "GHSA-2pgc-5r7f-433w",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T04:23:55Z",
  "published": "2023-05-30T21:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29735"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/LianKee/SO-CVEs/blob/main/CVEs/CVE-2023-29735/CVE%20detail.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2PP6-55C2-PFX4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-19 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-22 00:00
VLAI
Details

libjpeg commit 281daa9 was discovered to contain a segmentation fault via HuffmanDecoder::Get at huffmandecoder.hpp. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-37769"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-08-18T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "libjpeg commit 281daa9 was discovered to contain a segmentation fault via HuffmanDecoder::Get at huffmandecoder.hpp. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted file.",
  "id": "GHSA-2pp6-55c2-pfx4",
  "modified": "2022-08-22T00:00:58Z",
  "published": "2022-08-19T00:00:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-37769"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/thorfdbg/libjpeg/issues/78"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2PR6-76VF-7546

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-06-05 14:35 – Updated: 2021-08-04 21:32
VLAI
Summary
Denial of Service in js-yaml
Details

Versions of js-yaml prior to 3.13.0 are vulnerable to Denial of Service. By parsing a carefully-crafted YAML file, the node process stalls and may exhaust system resources leading to a Denial of Service.

Recommendation

Upgrade to version 3.13.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "js-yaml"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.13.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2019-06-05T13:52:07Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Versions of `js-yaml` prior to 3.13.0 are vulnerable to Denial of Service. By parsing a carefully-crafted YAML file, the node process stalls and may exhaust system resources leading to a Denial of Service.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpgrade to version 3.13.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-2pr6-76vf-7546",
  "modified": "2021-08-04T21:32:56Z",
  "published": "2019-06-05T14:35:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/issues/475"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nodeca/js-yaml/commit/a567ef3c6e61eb319f0bfc2671d91061afb01235"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-JSYAML-173999"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/788"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/788/versions"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Denial of Service in js-yaml"
}

GHSA-2Q3X-64CR-5MP5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-31 00:30 – Updated: 2025-10-31 00:30
VLAI
Details

LibreChat version 0.7.9 is vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack due to unbounded parameter values in the /api/memories endpoint. The key and value parameters accept arbitrarily large inputs without proper validation, leading to a null pointer error in the Rust-based backend when excessively large values are submitted. This results in the inability to create new memories, impacting the stability of the service.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-8849"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-31T00:15:37Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "LibreChat version 0.7.9 is vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack due to unbounded parameter values in the `/api/memories` endpoint. The `key` and `value` parameters accept arbitrarily large inputs without proper validation, leading to a null pointer error in the Rust-based backend when excessively large values are submitted. This results in the inability to create new memories, impacting the stability of the service.",
  "id": "GHSA-2q3x-64cr-5mp5",
  "modified": "2025-10-31T00:30:35Z",
  "published": "2025-10-31T00:30:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8849"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/danny-avila/librechat/commit/edf33bedcbb08c33e59df76f06454ed7efd896f9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/e9d9404c-cd19-4226-a580-9cba14b7d7d6"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2Q5X-GF4Q-9227

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-17 19:00 – Updated: 2022-10-20 19:00
VLAI
Details

A potential DOS vulnerability was discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions before before 15.2.5, all versions starting from 15.3 before 15.3.4, all versions starting from 15.4 before 15.4.1 While cloning an issue with special crafted content added to the description could have been used to trigger high CPU usage.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-3283"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-10-17T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A potential DOS vulnerability was discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions before before 15.2.5, all versions starting from 15.3 before 15.3.4, all versions starting from 15.4 before 15.4.1 While cloning an issue with special crafted content added to the description could have been used to trigger high CPU usage.",
  "id": "GHSA-2q5x-gf4q-9227",
  "modified": "2022-10-20T19:00:36Z",
  "published": "2022-10-17T19:00:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3283"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1543718"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/cves/-/blob/master/2022/CVE-2022-3283.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/361982"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2QCW-856X-WXVP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:35 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:35
VLAI
Details

An FBX-5312 issue was discovered in WatchGuard Fireware before 12.0. If a login attempt is made in the XML-RPC interface with an XML message containing an empty member element, the wgagent crashes, logging out any user with a session opened in the UI. By continuously executing the failed login attempts, UI management of the device becomes impossible.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-14616"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-09-20T20:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An FBX-5312 issue was discovered in WatchGuard Fireware before 12.0. If a login attempt is made in the XML-RPC interface with an XML message containing an empty member element, the wgagent crashes, logging out any user with a session opened in the UI. By continuously executing the failed login attempts, UI management of the device becomes impossible.",
  "id": "GHSA-2qcw-856x-wxvp",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T00:35:39Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T00:35:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-14616"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.sidertia.com/Home/Community/Blog/2017/09/18/Fixed-Fireware-XXE-DOS-and-stored-XSS-vulnerabilities-discovered-by-Sidertia"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/540427"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
  • The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
  • The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
  • recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
  • uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.

Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.

CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death

An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.

CAPEC-227: Sustained Client Engagement

An adversary attempts to deny legitimate users access to a resource by continually engaging a specific resource in an attempt to keep the resource tied up as long as possible. The adversary's primary goal is not to crash or flood the target, which would alert defenders; rather it is to repeatedly perform actions or abuse algorithmic flaws such that a given resource is tied up and not available to a legitimate user. By carefully crafting a requests that keep the resource engaged through what is seemingly benign requests, legitimate users are limited or completely denied access to the resource.

CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup

An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.