CWE-352
AllowedCross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Abstraction: Compound · Status: Stable
The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.
14165 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-6MH2-98GR-WV76
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:56 – Updated: 2024-04-24 17:45phpBB version 3.2.7 allows the stealing of an Administration Control Panel session id by leveraging CSRF in the Remote Avatar feature. The CSRF Token Hijacking leads to stored XSS
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.2.7"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "phpbb/phpbb"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.2.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-13376"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352",
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-24T17:45:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-09-27T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "phpBB version 3.2.7 allows the stealing of an Administration Control Panel session id by leveraging CSRF in the Remote Avatar feature. The CSRF Token Hijacking leads to stored XSS",
"id": "GHSA-6mh2-98gr-wv76",
"modified": "2024-04-24T17:45:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:56:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-13376"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.phpbb.com/category/security"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/phpbb/phpbb-app"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ssd-disclosure.com/archives/4007/ssd-advisory-phpbb-csrf-token-hijacking-leading-to-stored-xss"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "phpBB Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)"
}
GHSA-6MH7-R2RW-GP32
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:36 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:36LogRhythm Platform Manager (PM) 7.4.9 allows CSRF. The Web interface is vulnerable to Cross-site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWH). If a logged-in PM user visits a malicious site in the same browser session, that site can perform a CSRF attack to create a WebSocket from the victim client to the vulnerable PM server. Once the socket is created, the malicious site can interact with the vulnerable web server in the context of the logged-in user. This can include WebSocket payloads that result in command execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-25095"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-17T03:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "LogRhythm Platform Manager (PM) 7.4.9 allows CSRF. The Web interface is vulnerable to Cross-site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWH). If a logged-in PM user visits a malicious site in the same browser session, that site can perform a CSRF attack to create a WebSocket from the victim client to the vulnerable PM server. Once the socket is created, the malicious site can interact with the vulnerable web server in the context of the logged-in user. This can include WebSocket payloads that result in command execution.",
"id": "GHSA-6mh7-r2rw-gp32",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:36:45Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:36:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-25095"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cybercx.com.au/blog/2020/12/15/logrhythm-zero-days"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-6MJ3-Q7XF-M4J8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:09 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:09Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the /op/op.LockDocument.php in SeedDMS v5.1.x<5.1.23 and v6.0.x <6.0.16 allows a remote attacker to lock any document without victim's knowledge, by enticing an authenticated user to visit an attacker's web page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-36542"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-03T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the /op/op.LockDocument.php in SeedDMS v5.1.x\u003c5.1.23 and v6.0.x \u003c6.0.16 allows a remote attacker to lock any document without victim\u0027s knowledge, by enticing an authenticated user to visit an attacker\u0027s web page.",
"id": "GHSA-6mj3-q7xf-m4j8",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:09:45Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:09:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36542"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/@cyberdivision/cve-2021-36542-a07585497eb8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-6MJP-2RM6-9G85
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-06 17:15 – Updated: 2023-01-10 21:42Impact
The CKEditor.HTMLConverter document lacked a protection against Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), allowing to execute macros with the rights of the current user. If a privileged user with programming rights was tricked into executing a GET request to this document with certain parameters (e.g., via an image with a corresponding URL embedded in a comment or via a redirect), this would allow arbitrary remote code execution and the attacker could gain rights, access private information or impact the availability of the wiki.
The attack can be demonstrated by accessing the URL <server>/xwiki/bin/view/Main?sheet=CKEditor.HTMLConverter&language=en&sourceSyntax=xwiki%2F2.1&stripHTMLEnvelope=true&fromHTML=false&toHTML=true&text=%7B%7Bgroovy%7D%7Dprintln%28%22Hello+from+Groovy%21%22%29%7B%7B%2Fgroovy%7D%7D where <server> is the URL of the XWiki installation as a user with programming rights. If this displays the text "Hello from Groovy!", the installation is vulnerable.
Patches
The issue has been patched in the CKEditor Integration version 1.64.3. This has also been patched in the version of the CKEditor integration that is bundled starting with XWiki 14.6 RC1.
Workarounds
There are no known workarounds for this other than upgrading the CKEditor integration to a fixed version.
References
- https://github.com/xwiki-contrib/application-ckeditor/commit/6b1053164386aefc526df7512bc664918aa6849b
- https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/CKEDITOR-475
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in Jira XWiki.org * Email us at Security Mailing List
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.xwiki.contrib:application-ckeditor-ui"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.64.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22457"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-06T17:15:47Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-04T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThe `CKEditor.HTMLConverter` document lacked a protection against Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), allowing to execute macros with the rights of the current user. If a privileged user with programming rights was tricked into executing a GET request to this document with certain parameters (e.g., via an image with a corresponding URL embedded in a comment or via a redirect), this would allow arbitrary remote code execution and the attacker could gain rights, access private information or impact the availability of the wiki.\n\nThe attack can be demonstrated by accessing the URL `\u003cserver\u003e/xwiki/bin/view/Main?sheet=CKEditor.HTMLConverter\u0026language=en\u0026sourceSyntax=xwiki%2F2.1\u0026stripHTMLEnvelope=true\u0026fromHTML=false\u0026toHTML=true\u0026text=%7B%7Bgroovy%7D%7Dprintln%28%22Hello+from+Groovy%21%22%29%7B%7B%2Fgroovy%7D%7D` where `\u003cserver\u003e` is the URL of the XWiki installation as a user with programming rights. If this displays the text \"Hello from Groovy!\", the installation is vulnerable.\n\n### Patches\nThe issue has been patched in the CKEditor Integration version 1.64.3. This has also been patched in the version of the CKEditor integration that is bundled starting with XWiki 14.6 RC1.\n\n### Workarounds\nThere are no known workarounds for this other than upgrading the CKEditor integration to a fixed version.\n\n### References\n* https://github.com/xwiki-contrib/application-ckeditor/commit/6b1053164386aefc526df7512bc664918aa6849b\n* https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/CKEDITOR-475\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [Jira XWiki.org](https://jira.xwiki.org/)\n* Email us at [Security Mailing List](mailto:security@xwiki.org)",
"id": "GHSA-6mjp-2rm6-9g85",
"modified": "2023-01-10T21:42:55Z",
"published": "2023-01-06T17:15:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki-contrib/application-ckeditor/security/advisories/GHSA-6mjp-2rm6-9g85"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22457"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki-contrib/application-ckeditor/commit/6b1053164386aefc526df7512bc664918aa6849b"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/xwiki-contrib/application-ckeditor"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/CKEDITOR-475"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "XWiki CKEditor.HTMLConverter vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Cross-Site Request Forgery"
}
GHSA-6MMF-G3XJ-74GR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:41 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:41Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in api/sms/send-sms in the Web UI 11.010.06.01.858 on Huawei E303 modems with software 22.157.18.00.858 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that perform API operations and send SMS messages via a request element in an XML document.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-2946"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-06-02T19:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in api/sms/send-sms in the Web UI 11.010.06.01.858 on Huawei E303 modems with software 22.157.18.00.858 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that perform API operations and send SMS messages via a request element in an XML document.",
"id": "GHSA-6mmf-g3xj-74gr",
"modified": "2022-05-17T04:41:55Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:41:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-2946"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://b.fl7.de/2014/05/huawei-e303-sms-vulnerability-CVE-2014-2946.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/58992"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/325636"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-6MPC-7Q32-WG3C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:18 – Updated: 2022-10-07 00:00Gila CMS before 1.11.6 allows CSRF with resultant XSS via the admin/themes URI, leading to compromise of the admin account.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-20804"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-05-21T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Gila CMS before 1.11.6 allows CSRF with resultant XSS via the admin/themes URI, leading to compromise of the admin account.",
"id": "GHSA-6mpc-7q32-wg3c",
"modified": "2022-10-07T00:00:41Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:18:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-20804"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/GilaCMS/gila/issues/57"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/158201/GilaCMS-1.11.5-Cross-Site-Request-Forgery-Cross-Site-Scripting.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Jun/29"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6MQR-Q86Q-6GWR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-11-18 20:15 – Updated: 2025-07-01 18:05Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-26xx-m4q2-xhq8. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
Impact
CSRF vulnerability that allows user account takeover.
All applications using any version of the frontend component of spree_auth_devise are affected if protect_from_forgery method is both:
- Executed whether as:
- A before_action callback (the default)
- A prepend_before_action (option prepend: true given) before the :load_object hook in Spree::UserController (most likely order to find).
- Configured to use :null_session or :reset_session strategies (:null_session is the default in case the no strategy is given, but rails --new generated skeleton use :exception).
That means that applications that haven't been configured differently from what it's generated with Rails aren't affected.
Thanks @waiting-for-dev for reporting and providing a patch 👏
Patches
Spree 4.3 users should update to spree_auth_devise 4.4.1 Spree 4.2 users should update to spree_auth_devise 4.2.1
Workarounds
If possible, change your strategy to :exception:
class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
protect_from_forgery with: :exception
end
Add the following toconfig/application.rbto at least run the :exception strategy on the affected controller:
config.after_initialize do
Spree::UsersController.protect_from_forgery with: :exception
end
References
https://github.com/solidusio/solidus_auth_devise/security/advisories/GHSA-xm34-v85h-9pg2
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "spree_auth_devise"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"4.2.0"
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-11-17T21:43:39Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "## Duplicate Advisory\n\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-26xx-m4q2-xhq8. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\n\n### Impact\n\nCSRF vulnerability that allows user account takeover.\n\nAll applications using any version of the frontend component of `spree_auth_devise` are affected if `protect_from_forgery` method is both:\n\n* Executed whether as:\n * A before_action callback (the default)\n * A prepend_before_action (option prepend: true given) before the :load_object hook in Spree::UserController (most likely order to find).\n* Configured to use :null_session or :reset_session strategies (:null_session is the default in case the no strategy is given, but rails --new generated skeleton use :exception).\n\nThat means that applications that haven\u0027t been configured differently from what it\u0027s generated with Rails aren\u0027t affected.\n\nThanks @waiting-for-dev for reporting and providing a patch \ud83d\udc4f \n\n### Patches\n\nSpree 4.3 users should update to spree_auth_devise 4.4.1\nSpree 4.2 users should update to spree_auth_devise 4.2.1\n \n### Workarounds\n\nIf possible, change your strategy to :exception:\n\n```ruby\nclass ApplicationController \u003c ActionController::Base\n protect_from_forgery with: :exception\nend\n```\n\nAdd the following to`config/application.rb `to at least run the `:exception` strategy on the affected controller:\n\n```ruby\nconfig.after_initialize do\n Spree::UsersController.protect_from_forgery with: :exception\nend\n```\n\n### References\nhttps://github.com/solidusio/solidus_auth_devise/security/advisories/GHSA-xm34-v85h-9pg2",
"id": "GHSA-6mqr-q86q-6gwr",
"modified": "2025-07-01T18:05:24Z",
"published": "2021-11-18T20:15:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/solidusio/solidus_auth_devise/security/advisories/GHSA-xm34-v85h-9pg2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/spree/spree_auth_devise/security/advisories/GHSA-6mqr-q86q-6gwr"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/spree/spree_auth_devise/commit/50bf2444a851f10dff926eb4ea3674976d9d279d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/spree_auth_devise/CVE-2021-41275.yml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/spree/spree_auth_devise"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: Authentication Bypass by CSRF Weakness",
"withdrawn": "2025-07-01T18:05:24Z"
}
GHSA-6MR9-W244-4V7M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-14 18:30 – Updated: 2024-05-14 18:30The Hostel plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.5.3. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation when managing rooms. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to create and delete rooms via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-4314"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-14T15:43:15Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Hostel plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.5.3. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation when managing rooms. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to create and delete rooms via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.",
"id": "GHSA-6mr9-w244-4v7m",
"modified": "2024-05-14T18:30:54Z",
"published": "2024-05-14T18:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4314"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3079755/hostel/trunk?contextall=1\u0026old=3070681\u0026old_path=%2Fhostel%2Ftrunk"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/6a8c5d9b-4535-4edb-a92e-a9b83a0d22c3?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6MV6-53CX-W57P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:02 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:02Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in phpMyFAQ before 2.8.13 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of unspecified users for requests that (1) delete active users by leveraging improper validation of CSRF tokens or that (2) delete open questions, (3) activate users, (4) publish FAQs, (5) add or delete Glossary, (6) add or delete FAQ news, or (7) add or delete comments or add votes by leveraging lack of a CSRF token.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-6046"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-08-28T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in phpMyFAQ before 2.8.13 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of unspecified users for requests that (1) delete active users by leveraging improper validation of CSRF tokens or that (2) delete open questions, (3) activate users, (4) publish FAQs, (5) add or delete Glossary, (6) add or delete FAQ news, or (7) add or delete comments or add votes by leveraging lack of a CSRF token.",
"id": "GHSA-6mv6-53cx-w57p",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:02:39Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:02:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-6046"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.phpmyfaq.de/security/advisory-2014-09-16"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://techdefencelabs.com/security-advisories.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6MVM-9RRH-J4GC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:43 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:43SAP Fiori 1.0 for SAP ERP HCM (Approve Leave Request, version 2) application allows an attacker to trick an authenticated user to send unintended request to the web server. This vulnerability is due to insufficient CSRF protection.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-2474"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-10-09T13:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SAP Fiori 1.0 for SAP ERP HCM (Approve Leave Request, version 2) application allows an attacker to trick an authenticated user to send unintended request to the web server. This vulnerability is due to insufficient CSRF protection.",
"id": "GHSA-6mvm-9rrh-j4gc",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:43:15Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:43:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-2474"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/2696889"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=500633095"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105534"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard. [REF-330]
- Another example is the ESAPI Session Management control, which includes a component for CSRF. [REF-45]
Mitigation
Ensure that the application is free of cross-site scripting issues (CWE-79), because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.
Mitigation
Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330). [REF-332]
Mitigation
Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.
Mitigation
- Use the "double-submitted cookie" method as described by Felten and Zeller:
- When a user visits a site, the site should generate a pseudorandom value and set it as a cookie on the user's machine. The site should require every form submission to include this value as a form value and also as a cookie value. When a POST request is sent to the site, the request should only be considered valid if the form value and the cookie value are the same.
- Because of the same-origin policy, an attacker cannot read or modify the value stored in the cookie. To successfully submit a form on behalf of the user, the attacker would have to correctly guess the pseudorandom value. If the pseudorandom value is cryptographically strong, this will be prohibitively difficult.
- This technique requires Javascript, so it may not work for browsers that have Javascript disabled. [REF-331]
Mitigation
Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.
Mitigation
Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-462: Cross-Domain Search Timing
An attacker initiates cross domain HTTP / GET requests and times the server responses. The timing of these responses may leak important information on what is happening on the server. Browser's same origin policy prevents the attacker from directly reading the server responses (in the absence of any other weaknesses), but does not prevent the attacker from timing the responses to requests that the attacker issued cross domain.
CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification
An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.