CWE-345
DiscouragedInsufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not sufficiently verify the origin or authenticity of data, in a way that causes it to accept invalid data.
939 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-Q98F-VPVC-2R7R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-02 00:00Insufficient check of the process type in Trusted OS (TOS) may allow an attacker with privileges to enable a lesser privileged process to unmap memory owned by a higher privileged process resulting in a denial of service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-26368"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-345"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-12T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insufficient check of the process type in Trusted OS (TOS) may allow an attacker with privileges to enable a lesser privileged process to unmap memory owned by a higher privileged process resulting in a denial of service.",
"id": "GHSA-q98f-vpvc-2r7r",
"modified": "2022-06-02T00:00:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T00:00:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26368"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.amd.com/en/corporate/product-security/bulletin/amd-sb-1027"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QCVP-8FMP-WRF6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-20 06:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:58The CMS Commander plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to the use of an insufficiently unique cryptographic signature on the 'cmsc_add_site' function in versions up to, and including, 2.287. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to the plugin to change the '_cmsc_public_key' in the plugin config, providing access to the plugin's remote control functionalities, such as creating an admin access URL, which can be used for privilege escalation. This can only be exploited if the plugin has not been configured yet, however, if combined with another arbitrary plugin installation and activation vulnerability, the impact can be severe.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-3325"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-331",
"CWE-345"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-20T05:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The CMS Commander plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authorization bypass due to the use of an insufficiently unique cryptographic signature on the \u0027cmsc_add_site\u0027 function in versions up to, and including, 2.287. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to the plugin to change the \u0027_cmsc_public_key\u0027 in the plugin config, providing access to the plugin\u0027s remote control functionalities, such as creating an admin access URL, which can be used for privilege escalation. This can only be exploited if the plugin has not been configured yet, however, if combined with another arbitrary plugin installation and activation vulnerability, the impact can be severe.",
"id": "GHSA-qcvp-8fmp-wrf6",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:58:10Z",
"published": "2023-06-20T06:31:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3325"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/cms-commander-client/tags/2.287/init.php#L88"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2927811/cms-commander-client"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/ca37d453-9f9a-46b2-a17f-65a16e3e2ed1?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QH66-V678-HHQ5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-02 09:31 – Updated: 2026-05-02 09:31A weakness has been identified in TRENDnet TEW-821DAP 1.12B01. This issue affects the function find_hwid/new_gui_update_firmware of the component Firmware Update Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument dest can lead to insufficient verification of data authenticity. The attack can be launched remotely. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is assessed as difficult. The vendor explains: "That firmware version will only work on our hardware version v1.xR. We have already EOL that product 8 years ago and are no longer selling". This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-7606"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-345"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-02T08:16:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A weakness has been identified in TRENDnet TEW-821DAP 1.12B01. This issue affects the function find_hwid/new_gui_update_firmware of the component Firmware Update Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument dest can lead to insufficient verification of data authenticity. The attack can be launched remotely. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is assessed as difficult. The vendor explains: \"That firmware version will only work on our hardware version v1.xR. We have already EOL that product 8 years ago and are no longer selling\". This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-qh66-v678-hhq5",
"modified": "2026-05-02T09:31:15Z",
"published": "2026-05-02T09:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7606"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/IOTRes/IOT_Firmware_Update/blob/main/Trendnet/TEW-821DAP_Auth.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/806213"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/360563"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/360563/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-QJW9-G27W-GHH4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:49 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:49Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity vulnerability in ECOS Secure Boot Stick (aka SBS) 5.6.5 allows an attacker to manipulate security relevant configurations and execute malicious code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-12333"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-345"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-17T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity vulnerability in ECOS Secure Boot Stick (aka SBS) 5.6.5 allows an attacker to manipulate security relevant configurations and execute malicious code.",
"id": "GHSA-qjw9-g27w-ghh4",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:49:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:49:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12333"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://telematik.prakinf.tu-ilmenau.de/ecos-sbs/advisory.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QMQ3-Q8H7-G3V7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-02 15:30 – Updated: 2025-12-08 21:30Entrust nShield Connect XC, nShield 5c, and nShield HSMi through 13.6.11, or 13.7, allow a physically proximate attacker with root access to modify the Recovery Partition (because of a lack of integrity protection).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59700"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-345"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-02T15:15:55Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Entrust nShield Connect XC, nShield 5c, and nShield HSMi through 13.6.11, or 13.7, allow a physically proximate attacker with root access to modify the Recovery Partition (because of a lack of integrity protection).",
"id": "GHSA-qmq3-q8h7-g3v7",
"modified": "2025-12-08T21:30:19Z",
"published": "2025-12-02T15:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/security-research/security/advisories/GHSA-6q4x-m86j-gfwj"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59700"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.entrust.com/use-case/why-use-an-hsm"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QMVV-QV49-VC54
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-25 21:30 – Updated: 2022-12-01 21:30Remote code execution vulnerability due to insufficient verification of URLs, etc. in OndiskPlayerAgent. A remote attacker could exploit the vulnerability to cause remote code execution by causing an arbitrary user to download and execute malicious code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-41156"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-345"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-25T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Remote code execution vulnerability due to insufficient verification of URLs, etc. in OndiskPlayerAgent. A remote attacker could exploit the vulnerability to cause remote code execution by causing an arbitrary user to download and execute malicious code.",
"id": "GHSA-qmvv-qv49-vc54",
"modified": "2022-12-01T21:30:21Z",
"published": "2022-11-25T21:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41156"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.krcert.or.kr/krcert/secNoticeView.do?bulletin_writing_sequence=67041"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QP6R-4XPP-QR2H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-06 06:30 – Updated: 2023-09-06 06:30ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus GINA Client Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity Authentication Bypass Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows physically present attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.
The specific flaw exists within the Password Reset Portal used by the GINA client. The issue results from the lack of proper authentication of data received via HTTP. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to bypass authentication and execute code in the context of SYSTEM. Was ZDI-CAN-17009.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-35719"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-345"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-06T05:15:42Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus GINA Client Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity Authentication Bypass Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows physically present attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the Password Reset Portal used by the GINA client. The issue results from the lack of proper authentication of data received via HTTP. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to bypass authentication and execute code in the context of SYSTEM. Was ZDI-CAN-17009.",
"id": "GHSA-qp6r-4xpp-qr2h",
"modified": "2023-09-06T06:30:25Z",
"published": "2023-09-06T06:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-35719"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.manageengine.com/products/self-service-password/kb/our-response-to-CVE-2023-35719.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-891"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QQ3X-PPCW-6FMQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-25 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-07 00:00A vulnerability in the packaging of Cisco Adaptive Security Device Manager (ASDM) images and the validation of those images by Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative privileges to upload an ASDM image that contains malicious code to a device that is running Cisco ASA Software. This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of the authenticity of an ASDM image during its installation on a device that is running Cisco ASA Software. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by installing a crafted ASDM image on the device that is running Cisco ASA Software and then waiting for a targeted user to access that device using ASDM. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the machine of the targeted user with the privileges of that user on that machine. Notes: To successfully exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have administrative privileges on the device that is running Cisco ASA Software. Potential targets are limited to users who manage the same device that is running Cisco ASA Software using ASDM. Cisco has released and will release software updates that address this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-20829"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-345"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-24T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the packaging of Cisco Adaptive Security Device Manager (ASDM) images and the validation of those images by Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative privileges to upload an ASDM image that contains malicious code to a device that is running Cisco ASA Software. This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of the authenticity of an ASDM image during its installation on a device that is running Cisco ASA Software. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by installing a crafted ASDM image on the device that is running Cisco ASA Software and then waiting for a targeted user to access that device using ASDM. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the machine of the targeted user with the privileges of that user on that machine. Notes: To successfully exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have administrative privileges on the device that is running Cisco ASA Software. Potential targets are limited to users who manage the same device that is running Cisco ASA Software using ASDM. Cisco has released and will release software updates that address this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-qq3x-ppcw-6fmq",
"modified": "2022-07-07T00:00:26Z",
"published": "2022-06-25T00:00:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20829"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jbaines-r7/theway"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-asa-asdm-sig-NPKvwDjm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2022/08/11/rapid7-discovered-vulnerabilities-in-cisco-asa-asdm-and-firepower-services-software"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QQX5-8972-3H6C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-11 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-12 19:00A vulnerability has been identified in LOGO! 8 BM (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions < V8.3). Affected devices load firmware updates without checking the authenticity. Furthermore the integrity of the unencrypted firmware is only verified by a non-cryptographic method. This could allow an attacker to manipulate a firmware update and flash it to the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-36360"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-345"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-11T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in LOGO! 8 BM (incl. SIPLUS variants) (All versions \u003c V8.3). Affected devices load firmware updates without checking the authenticity. Furthermore the integrity of the unencrypted firmware is only verified by a non-cryptographic method. This could allow an attacker to manipulate a firmware update and flash it to the device.",
"id": "GHSA-qqx5-8972-3h6c",
"modified": "2022-10-12T19:00:40Z",
"published": "2022-10-11T12:00:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36360"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-928782.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QV23-MM25-48XW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:18 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:18The move_uploaded_file function in godomall5 does not perform an integrity check of extension or authority when user upload file. This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute an remote arbitrary code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-26610"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-345"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-27T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The move_uploaded_file function in godomall5 does not perform an integrity check of extension or authority when user upload file. This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute an remote arbitrary code.",
"id": "GHSA-qv23-mm25-48xw",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:18:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:18:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26610"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.boho.or.kr/krcert/secNoticeView.do?bulletin_writing_sequence=36304"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-141: Cache Poisoning
An attacker exploits the functionality of cache technologies to cause specific data to be cached that aids the attackers' objectives. This describes any attack whereby an attacker places incorrect or harmful material in cache. The targeted cache can be an application's cache (e.g. a web browser cache) or a public cache (e.g. a DNS or ARP cache). Until the cache is refreshed, most applications or clients will treat the corrupted cache value as valid. This can lead to a wide range of exploits including redirecting web browsers towards sites that install malware and repeatedly incorrect calculations based on the incorrect value.
CAPEC-142: DNS Cache Poisoning
A domain name server translates a domain name (such as www.example.com) into an IP address that Internet hosts use to contact Internet resources. An adversary modifies a public DNS cache to cause certain names to resolve to incorrect addresses that the adversary specifies. The result is that client applications that rely upon the targeted cache for domain name resolution will be directed not to the actual address of the specified domain name but to some other address. Adversaries can use this to herd clients to sites that install malware on the victim's computer or to masquerade as part of a Pharming attack.
CAPEC-148: Content Spoofing
An adversary modifies content to make it contain something other than what the original content producer intended while keeping the apparent source of the content unchanged. The term content spoofing is most often used to describe modification of web pages hosted by a target to display the adversary's content instead of the owner's content. However, any content can be spoofed, including the content of email messages, file transfers, or the content of other network communication protocols. Content can be modified at the source (e.g. modifying the source file for a web page) or in transit (e.g. intercepting and modifying a message between the sender and recipient). Usually, the adversary will attempt to hide the fact that the content has been modified, but in some cases, such as with web site defacement, this is not necessary. Content Spoofing can lead to malware exposure, financial fraud (if the content governs financial transactions), privacy violations, and other unwanted outcomes.
CAPEC-218: Spoofing of UDDI/ebXML Messages
An attacker spoofs a UDDI, ebXML, or similar message in order to impersonate a service provider in an e-business transaction. UDDI, ebXML, and similar standards are used to identify businesses in e-business transactions. Among other things, they identify a particular participant, WSDL information for SOAP transactions, and supported communication protocols, including security protocols. By spoofing one of these messages an attacker could impersonate a legitimate business in a transaction or could manipulate the protocols used between a client and business. This could result in disclosure of sensitive information, loss of message integrity, or even financial fraud.
CAPEC-384: Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages. Performing this attack can allow the attacker to gain unauthorized privileges within the application, or conduct attacks such as phishing, deceptive strategies to spread malware, or traditional web-application attacks. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to perform adversary-in-the-middle (CAPEC-94) communications between the web browser and the remote system. Despite the use of AiTH software, the attack is actually directed at the server, as the client is one node in a series of content brokers that pass information along to the application framework. Additionally, it is not true "Adversary-in-the-Middle" attack at the network layer, but an application-layer attack the root cause of which is the master applications trust in the integrity of code supplied by the client.
CAPEC-385: Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation
An attacker hosts or joins an event or transaction within an application framework in order to change the content of messages or items that are being exchanged. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that look authentic but may contain deceptive links, substitute one item or another, spoof an existing item and conduct a false exchange, or otherwise change the amounts or identity of what is being exchanged. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to man-in-the-middle communications between the web browser and the remote system in order to change the content of various application elements. Often, items exchanged in game can be monetized via sales for coin, virtual dollars, etc. The purpose of the attack is for the attack to scam the victim by trapping the data packets involved the exchange and altering the integrity of the transfer process.
CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of links/buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains links/buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination. Some applications make navigation remapping more difficult to detect because the actual HREF values of images, profile elements, and links/buttons are masked. One example would be to place an image in a user's photo gallery that when clicked upon redirected the user to an off-site location. Also, traditional web vulnerabilities (such as CSRF) can be constructed with remapped buttons or links. In some cases navigation remapping can be used for Phishing attacks or even means to artificially boost the page view, user site reputation, or click-fraud.
CAPEC-387: Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content
An adversary manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages and thereby circumvent the expected application logic.
CAPEC-388: Application API Button Hijacking
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.
CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)
An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.