CWE-345
DiscouragedInsufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not sufficiently verify the origin or authenticity of data, in a way that causes it to accept invalid data.
939 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-F7VX-J8MP-3H2X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-04-13 15:18 – Updated: 2021-03-29 22:11In Eclipse Theia versions 0.3.9 through 0.15.0, one of the default pre-packaged Theia extensions is "Mini-Browser", published as "@theia/mini-browser" on npmjs.com. This extension, for its own needs, exposes a HTTP endpoint that allows to read the content of files on the hosts filesystem, given their path, without restrictions on the requesters origin. This design is vulnerable to being exploited remotely through a DNS rebinding attack or a drive-by download of a carefully crafted exploit.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@theia/mini-browser"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.3.9"
},
{
"fixed": "0.16.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-17636"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-345"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-03-29T22:11:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-03-10T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Eclipse Theia versions 0.3.9 through 0.15.0, one of the default pre-packaged Theia extensions is \"Mini-Browser\", published as \"@theia/mini-browser\" on npmjs.com. This extension, for its own needs, exposes a HTTP endpoint that allows to read the content of files on the hosts filesystem, given their path, without restrictions on the requesters origin. This design is vulnerable to being exploited remotely through a DNS rebinding attack or a drive-by download of a carefully crafted exploit.",
"id": "GHSA-f7vx-j8mp-3h2x",
"modified": "2021-03-29T22:11:05Z",
"published": "2021-04-13T15:18:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-17636"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-theia/theia/pull/7205"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-theia/theia/commit/b212d07f915df1509180944ee3132714bc2636bf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=551747"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity in Eclipse Theia"
}
GHSA-F89W-2CG8-8H78
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-06 18:30 – Updated: 2024-03-23 03:30A flaw was found in Open vSwitch that allows ICMPv6 Neighbor Advertisement packets between virtual machines to bypass OpenFlow rules. This issue may allow a local attacker to create specially crafted packets with a modified or spoofed target IP address field that can redirect ICMPv6 traffic to arbitrary IP addresses.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-5366"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-345"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-06T18:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in Open vSwitch that allows ICMPv6 Neighbor Advertisement packets between virtual machines to bypass OpenFlow rules. This issue may allow a local attacker to create specially crafted packets with a modified or spoofed target IP address field that can redirect ICMPv6 traffic to arbitrary IP addresses.",
"id": "GHSA-f89w-2cg8-8h78",
"modified": "2024-03-23T03:30:24Z",
"published": "2023-10-06T18:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5366"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-5366"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2006347"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/02/msg00004.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LFZADABUDOFI2KZIRQBYFZCIKH55RGY3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VYYUBF6OW2JG7VOFEOROHXGSJCTES3QO"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/02/08/4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F8MR-JV2C-V8MG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-09 17:29 – Updated: 2024-11-18 22:41Impact
The Python TUF reference implementation tuf<0.12 will incorrectly trust a previously downloaded root metadata file which failed verification at download time. This allows an attacker who is able to serve multiple new versions of root metadata (i.e. by a man-in-the-middle attack) culminating in a version which has not been correctly signed to control the trust chain for future updates.
While investigating the reported vulnerability, we discovered that the detailed client workflow was not fully implemented. Specifically, for step 1.3 the newly downloaded root metadata was not being verified with a threshold of keys specified in the new root metadata file. This missing step of the client workflow has been implemented in PR #1101, which is included in v0.14.0 of tuf.
Patches
A fix, is available in version 0.12 and newer.
Workarounds
No workarounds are known for this issue.
References
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tuf"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-15163"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-345",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-09-09T17:27:31Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-09-09T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThe Python TUF reference implementation `tuf\u003c0.12` will incorrectly trust a previously downloaded root metadata file which failed verification at download time. This allows an attacker who is able to serve multiple new versions of root metadata (i.e. by a man-in-the-middle attack) culminating in a version which has not been correctly signed to control the trust chain for future updates.\n\nWhile investigating the reported vulnerability, we discovered that the detailed client workflow was not fully implemented. Specifically, for step 1.3 the newly downloaded root metadata was not being verified with a threshold of keys specified in the new root metadata file.\nThis missing step of the client workflow has been implemented in [PR #1101](https://github.com/theupdateframework/tuf/pull/1101), which is included in [v0.14.0](https://github.com/theupdateframework/tuf/releases/tag/v0.14.0) of tuf.\n\n### Patches\nA [fix](https://github.com/theupdateframework/tuf/pull/885), is available in version [0.12](https://github.com/theupdateframework/tuf/releases/tag/v0.12.0) and newer.\n\n### Workarounds\nNo workarounds are known for this issue.\n\n### References\n* Pull request resolving the invalid root becoming trusted issue [PR 885](https://github.com/theupdateframework/tuf/pull/885)\n* Pull request implementing self verification of newly downloaded root metadata [PR 1101](https://github.com/theupdateframework/tuf/pull/1101)",
"id": "GHSA-f8mr-jv2c-v8mg",
"modified": "2024-11-18T22:41:33Z",
"published": "2020-09-09T17:29:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/theupdateframework/tuf/security/advisories/GHSA-f8mr-jv2c-v8mg"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15163"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/theupdateframework/tuf/pull/885"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/theupdateframework/tuf/commit/3d342e648fbacdf43a13d7ba8886aaaf07334af7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tuf/PYSEC-2020-145.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/theupdateframework/tuf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/theupdateframework/tuf/releases/tag/v0.12.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pypi.org/project/tuf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Invalid root may become trusted root in The Update Framework (TUF)"
}
GHSA-F95F-R783-XXX3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-08 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-16 00:00It was discovered that the IcedTea-Web used codebase attribute of the tag on the HTML page that hosts Java applet in the Same Origin Policy (SOP) checks. As the specified codebase does not have to match the applet's actual origin, this allowed malicious site to bypass SOP via spoofed codebase value.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-5236"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-345"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-07T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "It was discovered that the IcedTea-Web used codebase attribute of the \u003capplet\u003e tag on the HTML page that hosts Java applet in the Same Origin Policy (SOP) checks. As the specified codebase does not have to match the applet\u0027s actual origin, this allowed malicious site to bypass SOP via spoofed codebase value.",
"id": "GHSA-f95f-r783-xxx3",
"modified": "2022-07-16T00:00:30Z",
"published": "2022-07-08T00:00:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-5236"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1256403"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F96C-86VH-RWFQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-04 06:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:33The Claudio Sanches – Checkout Cielo for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to insufficient payment validation in the update_order_status() function in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.0. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update the status of orders to paid bypassing payment.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-1718"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-345"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-04T06:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Claudio Sanches \u2013 Checkout Cielo for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to insufficient payment validation in the update_order_status() function in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.0. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update the status of orders to paid bypassing payment.",
"id": "GHSA-f96c-86vh-rwfq",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:33:18Z",
"published": "2024-06-04T06:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-1718"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woocommerce-checkout-cielo/trunk/includes/class-wc-checkout-cielo-gateway.php#L296"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/40cb3214-a11b-4bee-9422-256d12303460?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FC4Q-RHHM-X7FH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-15 15:30 – Updated: 2024-05-15 15:30ThroughTek Kalay SDK does not verify the authenticity of received messages, allowing an attacker to impersonate an authoritative server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-6323"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-345"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-15T13:15:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "ThroughTek Kalay SDK does not verify the authenticity of received messages, allowing an attacker to impersonate an authoritative server.",
"id": "GHSA-fc4q-rhhm-x7fh",
"modified": "2024-05-15T15:30:33Z",
"published": "2024-05-15T15:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6323"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bitdefender.com/blog/labs/notes-on-throughtek-kalay-vulnerabilities-and-their-impact"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FC8F-JHCW-P24V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-22 21:30 – Updated: 2025-04-16 15:34Remote Agent, used in WebDriver, did not validate the Host or Origin headers. This could have allowed websites to connect back locally to the user's browser to control it.
This bug only affected Firefox when WebDriver was enabled, which is not the default configuration.. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 97.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-22757"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-345",
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-22T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Remote Agent, used in WebDriver, did not validate the Host or Origin headers. This could have allowed websites to connect back locally to the user\u0027s browser to control it. \u003cbr\u003e*This bug only affected Firefox when WebDriver was enabled, which is not the default configuration.*. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 97.",
"id": "GHSA-fc8f-jhcw-p24v",
"modified": "2025-04-16T15:34:06Z",
"published": "2022-12-22T21:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22757"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1720098"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-04"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FCW5-4759-G9VF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-07 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-18 00:00This vulnerability arises because the application allows the user to perform some sensitive action without verifying that the request was sent intentionally. An attacker can cause a victim's browser to emit an HTTP request to an arbitrary URL in the application.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-27759"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-345"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-06T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "This vulnerability arises because the application allows the user to perform some sensitive action without verifying that the request was sent intentionally. An attacker can cause a victim\u0027s browser to emit an HTTP request to an arbitrary URL in the application.",
"id": "GHSA-fcw5-4759-g9vf",
"modified": "2022-05-18T00:00:38Z",
"published": "2022-05-07T00:00:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27759"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hcltechsw.com/csm?id=kb_article\u0026sysparm_article=KB0098006"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FF2Q-72VQ-7MXP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-10 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:29An insufficient verification of data vulnerability exists in BIG-IP Edge Client Installer on macOS that may allow an attacker elevation of privileges during the installation process.
Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-5450"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-345"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-10T13:15:22Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "\nAn insufficient verification of data vulnerability exists in BIG-IP Edge Client Installer on macOS that may allow an attacker elevation of privileges during the installation process.\u00a0\n\nNote: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.\n\n\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-ff2q-72vq-7mxp",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:29:21Z",
"published": "2023-10-10T15:30:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5450"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000135040"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FF4W-3R3W-H925
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-17 09:31 – Updated: 2024-05-17 09:31Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity vulnerability in Cozmoslabs Profile Builder allows Functionality Bypass.This issue affects Profile Builder: from n/a through 3.11.2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-31341"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-345"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-17T09:15:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity vulnerability in Cozmoslabs Profile Builder allows Functionality Bypass.This issue affects Profile Builder: from n/a through 3.11.2.",
"id": "GHSA-ff4w-3r3w-h925",
"modified": "2024-05-17T09:31:02Z",
"published": "2024-05-17T09:31:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-31341"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/profile-builder/wordpress-user-profile-builder-plugin-3-11-2-bypass-vulnerability-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-141: Cache Poisoning
An attacker exploits the functionality of cache technologies to cause specific data to be cached that aids the attackers' objectives. This describes any attack whereby an attacker places incorrect or harmful material in cache. The targeted cache can be an application's cache (e.g. a web browser cache) or a public cache (e.g. a DNS or ARP cache). Until the cache is refreshed, most applications or clients will treat the corrupted cache value as valid. This can lead to a wide range of exploits including redirecting web browsers towards sites that install malware and repeatedly incorrect calculations based on the incorrect value.
CAPEC-142: DNS Cache Poisoning
A domain name server translates a domain name (such as www.example.com) into an IP address that Internet hosts use to contact Internet resources. An adversary modifies a public DNS cache to cause certain names to resolve to incorrect addresses that the adversary specifies. The result is that client applications that rely upon the targeted cache for domain name resolution will be directed not to the actual address of the specified domain name but to some other address. Adversaries can use this to herd clients to sites that install malware on the victim's computer or to masquerade as part of a Pharming attack.
CAPEC-148: Content Spoofing
An adversary modifies content to make it contain something other than what the original content producer intended while keeping the apparent source of the content unchanged. The term content spoofing is most often used to describe modification of web pages hosted by a target to display the adversary's content instead of the owner's content. However, any content can be spoofed, including the content of email messages, file transfers, or the content of other network communication protocols. Content can be modified at the source (e.g. modifying the source file for a web page) or in transit (e.g. intercepting and modifying a message between the sender and recipient). Usually, the adversary will attempt to hide the fact that the content has been modified, but in some cases, such as with web site defacement, this is not necessary. Content Spoofing can lead to malware exposure, financial fraud (if the content governs financial transactions), privacy violations, and other unwanted outcomes.
CAPEC-218: Spoofing of UDDI/ebXML Messages
An attacker spoofs a UDDI, ebXML, or similar message in order to impersonate a service provider in an e-business transaction. UDDI, ebXML, and similar standards are used to identify businesses in e-business transactions. Among other things, they identify a particular participant, WSDL information for SOAP transactions, and supported communication protocols, including security protocols. By spoofing one of these messages an attacker could impersonate a legitimate business in a transaction or could manipulate the protocols used between a client and business. This could result in disclosure of sensitive information, loss of message integrity, or even financial fraud.
CAPEC-384: Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages. Performing this attack can allow the attacker to gain unauthorized privileges within the application, or conduct attacks such as phishing, deceptive strategies to spread malware, or traditional web-application attacks. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to perform adversary-in-the-middle (CAPEC-94) communications between the web browser and the remote system. Despite the use of AiTH software, the attack is actually directed at the server, as the client is one node in a series of content brokers that pass information along to the application framework. Additionally, it is not true "Adversary-in-the-Middle" attack at the network layer, but an application-layer attack the root cause of which is the master applications trust in the integrity of code supplied by the client.
CAPEC-385: Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation
An attacker hosts or joins an event or transaction within an application framework in order to change the content of messages or items that are being exchanged. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that look authentic but may contain deceptive links, substitute one item or another, spoof an existing item and conduct a false exchange, or otherwise change the amounts or identity of what is being exchanged. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to man-in-the-middle communications between the web browser and the remote system in order to change the content of various application elements. Often, items exchanged in game can be monetized via sales for coin, virtual dollars, etc. The purpose of the attack is for the attack to scam the victim by trapping the data packets involved the exchange and altering the integrity of the transfer process.
CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of links/buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains links/buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination. Some applications make navigation remapping more difficult to detect because the actual HREF values of images, profile elements, and links/buttons are masked. One example would be to place an image in a user's photo gallery that when clicked upon redirected the user to an off-site location. Also, traditional web vulnerabilities (such as CSRF) can be constructed with remapped buttons or links. In some cases navigation remapping can be used for Phishing attacks or even means to artificially boost the page view, user site reputation, or click-fraud.
CAPEC-387: Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content
An adversary manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages and thereby circumvent the expected application logic.
CAPEC-388: Application API Button Hijacking
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.
CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)
An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.