Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-321

Allowed

Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft

The product uses a hard-coded, unchangeable cryptographic key.

552 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-WGX5-63FM-M4G7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-24 00:30 – Updated: 2025-09-24 00:30
VLAI
Details

The use of a hard-coded cryptographic key was discovered in firmware version 3.60 of the Click Plus PLC. The vulnerability relies on the fact that the software contains a hard-coded AES key used to protect the initial messages of a new KOPS session.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-58069"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-321"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-23T22:15:34Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The use of a hard-coded cryptographic key was discovered in firmware version 3.60 of the Click Plus PLC. The vulnerability relies on the fact that the software contains a hard-coded AES key used to protect the initial messages of a new KOPS session.",
  "id": "GHSA-wgx5-63fm-m4g7",
  "modified": "2025-09-24T00:30:41Z",
  "published": "2025-09-24T00:30:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58069"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.automationdirect.com/support/software-downloads"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-266-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WMWQ-58JV-2QJ3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-22 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-05 00:00
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in the key-based SSH authentication mechanism of Cisco Umbrella Virtual Appliance (VA) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to impersonate a VA. This vulnerability is due to the presence of a static SSH host key. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by performing a man-in-the-middle attack on an SSH connection to the Umbrella VA. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to learn the administrator credentials, change configurations, or reload the VA. Note: SSH is not enabled by default on the Umbrella VA.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-20773"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-321",
      "CWE-798"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-04-21T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in the key-based SSH authentication mechanism of Cisco Umbrella Virtual Appliance (VA) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to impersonate a VA. This vulnerability is due to the presence of a static SSH host key. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by performing a man-in-the-middle attack on an SSH connection to the Umbrella VA. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to learn the administrator credentials, change configurations, or reload the VA. Note: SSH is not enabled by default on the Umbrella VA.",
  "id": "GHSA-wmwq-58jv-2qj3",
  "modified": "2022-05-05T00:00:47Z",
  "published": "2022-04-22T00:00:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20773"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-uva-static-key-6RQTRs4c"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WP5Q-4QC3-582G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-12 15:37 – Updated: 2024-05-16 21:31
VLAI
Details

The Use of a Hard-coded Cryptographic Key vulnerability in Juniper Networks Juniper Cloud Native Router (JCNR) and containerized routing Protocol Deamon (cRPD) products allows an attacker to perform Person-in-the-Middle (PitM) attacks which results in complete compromise of the container.

Due to hardcoded SSH host keys being present on the container, a PitM attacker can intercept SSH traffic without being detected. 

This issue affects Juniper Networks JCNR: * All versions before 23.4.

This issue affects Juniper Networks cRPD: * All versions before 23.4R1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-30407"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-321"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-12T15:15:25Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Use of a Hard-coded Cryptographic Key vulnerability in Juniper Networks\u00a0Juniper Cloud Native Router (JCNR)\u00a0and\u00a0containerized routing Protocol Deamon (cRPD) products allows an attacker to perform Person-in-the-Middle (PitM) attacks which results in complete compromise of the container. \n\nDue to hardcoded SSH host keys being present on the container, a PitM attacker can intercept SSH traffic without being detected.\u00a0\n\nThis issue affects Juniper Networks JCNR:\n  *  All versions before 23.4.\n\n\nThis issue affects Juniper Networks cRPD:\n  *  All versions before 23.4R1.\n\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-wp5q-4qc3-582g",
  "modified": "2024-05-16T21:31:56Z",
  "published": "2024-04-12T15:37:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-30407"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA79106"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA79107"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/4.0#CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WQXQ-W68R-WG85

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-09 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-10 21:34
VLAI
Summary
Apache OpenMeetings Uses Hard-coded Cryptographic Key
Details

Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key vulnerability in Apache OpenMeetings.

The remember-me cookie encryption key is set to default value in openmeetings.properties and not being auto-rotated. In case OM admin hasn't changed the default encryption key, an attacker who has stolen a cookie from a logged-in user can get full user credentials.

This issue affects Apache OpenMeetings: from 6.1.0 before 9.0.0.

Users are recommended to upgrade to version 9.0.0, which fixes the issue.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.openmeetings:openmeetings-parent"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "6.1.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-33266"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-321"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-10T21:23:53Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-09T16:16:26Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key vulnerability in Apache OpenMeetings.\n\nThe remember-me cookie encryption key is set to default value in openmeetings.properties and not being auto-rotated. In case OM admin hasn\u0027t changed the default encryption key, an attacker who has stolen a cookie from a logged-in user can get full user credentials.\n\n\nThis issue affects Apache OpenMeetings: from 6.1.0 before 9.0.0.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 9.0.0, which fixes the issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-wqxq-w68r-wg85",
  "modified": "2026-04-10T21:34:59Z",
  "published": "2026-04-09T18:31:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33266"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/openmeetings"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/b05jnp9563v49zq494lox9kjbhhf2w66"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/09/11"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Apache OpenMeetings Uses Hard-coded Cryptographic Key"
}

GHSA-WRQ7-4JJ9-F6RC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:48 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:48
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability has been identified in Opcenter Quality (All versions < V12.2), QMS Automotive (All versions < V12.30). A private sign key is shipped with the product without adequate protection.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-27389"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-321"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-04-22T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability has been identified in Opcenter Quality (All versions \u003c V12.2), QMS Automotive (All versions \u003c V12.30). A private sign key is shipped with the product without adequate protection.",
  "id": "GHSA-wrq7-4jj9-f6rc",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:48:17Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:48:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-27389"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-788287.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-WV9R-P2RC-JCRP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-15 12:30 – Updated: 2024-10-14 06:30
VLAI
Details

Kaifa Technology WebITR is an online attendance system, it has a vulnerability in using hard-coded encryption key. An unauthenticated remote attacker can generate valid token parameter and exploit this vulnerability to access system with arbitrary user account, including administrator’s account, to execute login account’s permissions, and obtain relevant information.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-48392"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-321",
      "CWE-798"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-15T10:15:07Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Kaifa Technology WebITR is an online attendance system, it has a vulnerability in using hard-coded encryption key. An unauthenticated remote attacker can generate valid token parameter and exploit this vulnerability to access system with arbitrary user account, including administrator\u2019s account, to execute login account\u2019s permissions, and obtain relevant information.",
  "id": "GHSA-wv9r-p2rc-jcrp",
  "modified": "2024-10-14T06:30:43Z",
  "published": "2023-12-15T12:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48392"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-7622-57e5f-1.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WWQJ-8CP4-VJMH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 15:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 15:31
VLAI
Details

In Progress® Telerik® UI for AJAX prior to v2026.2.708, the obsolete RadChart component's ChartImage.axd handler is vulnerable to unauthenticated file read and deletion of image-extension files within the application directory.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-14932"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-321"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-22T14:17:15Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In Progress\u00ae Telerik\u00ae UI for AJAX prior to v2026.2.708, the obsolete RadChart component\u0027s ChartImage.axd handler is vulnerable to unauthenticated file read and deletion of image-extension files within the application directory.",
  "id": "GHSA-wwqj-8cp4-vjmh",
  "modified": "2026-07-22T15:31:23Z",
  "published": "2026-07-22T15:31:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-14932"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.telerik.com/products/aspnet-ajax/documentation/knowledge-base/kb-security-radchart-hardcoded-key-file-read-cve-2026-14932"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WWX9-WW39-C5VG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-03 21:31 – Updated: 2026-08-07 15:33
VLAI
Details

A cryptographic weakness exists in the Omada adoption protocol.  The protocol relies on hard-coded cryptographic keys to establish trust and protect authentication exchanges between controllers and managed devices during device adoption.

An attacker may be able to impersonate trusted controllers or managed devices and gain access to sensitive adoption-related communications.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-15627"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-321"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-03T19:16:40Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A cryptographic\nweakness exists in the Omada adoption protocol.\u00a0\nThe protocol relies on hard-coded cryptographic keys to establish trust and\nprotect authentication exchanges between controllers and managed devices during\ndevice adoption.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAn attacker may\nbe able to impersonate trusted controllers or managed devices and gain access\nto sensitive adoption-related communications.",
  "id": "GHSA-wwx9-ww39-c5vg",
  "modified": "2026-08-07T15:33:03Z",
  "published": "2026-08-03T21:31:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-15627"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.omadanetworks.com/en/support/download"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.omadanetworks.com/us/support/download"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/faq/5216"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WXJ8-443R-HMMR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-21 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:33
VLAI
Details

The certificate and private key used for providing transport layer security for connections to the web interface (TCP port 443) is hard-coded in the firmware and are shipped with the update files. An attacker can use the private key to perform man-in-the-middle attacks against users of the admin interface. The files are located in /etc/ssl (e.g. salia.local.crt, salia.local.key and salia.local.pem). There is no option to upload/configure custom TLS certificates.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-48417"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-321"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-21T13:16:03Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The certificate and private key used for providing transport layer security for connections to the web interface (TCP port 443) is hard-coded in the firmware and are shipped with the update files. An attacker can use the private key to perform man-in-the-middle attacks against users of the admin interface. The files are located in /etc/ssl (e.g. salia.local.crt, salia.local.key and salia.local.pem). There is no option to upload/configure custom TLS certificates.",
  "id": "GHSA-wxj8-443r-hmmr",
  "modified": "2025-11-03T21:33:57Z",
  "published": "2025-05-21T15:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48417"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://r.sec-consult.com/echarge"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/May/23"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-X2XX-G2X3-PC9M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:17 – Updated: 2025-11-05 00:31
VLAI
Details

GE Multilink ML800, ML1200, ML1600, and ML2400 switches with firmware 4.2.1 and earlier and Multilink ML810, ML3000, and ML3100 switches with firmware 5.2.0 and earlier use the same RSA private key across different customers' installations, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain the cleartext content of network traffic by reading this key from a firmware image and then sniffing the network.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2014-5419"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-321"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2015-01-17T02:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "GE Multilink ML800, ML1200, ML1600, and ML2400 switches with firmware 4.2.1 and earlier and Multilink ML810, ML3000, and ML3100 switches with firmware 5.2.0 and earlier use the same RSA private key across different customers\u0027 installations, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain the cleartext content of network traffic by reading this key from a firmware image and then sniffing the network.",
  "id": "GHSA-x2xx-g2x3-pc9m",
  "modified": "2025-11-05T00:31:11Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T04:17:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-5419"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2015/icsa-15-013-04a.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-15-013-04"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-15-013-04a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.gedigitalenergy.com/products/support/multilink/MLSB1214.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Prevention schemes mirror that of hard-coded password storage.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.