CWE-319
AllowedCleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product transmits sensitive or security-critical data in cleartext in a communication channel that can be sniffed by unauthorized actors.
1147 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-72RJ-36QC-47G7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-04-27 15:54 – Updated: 2023-08-25 22:09pgsync before 0.6.7 is affected by Information Disclosure of sensitive information. Syncing the schema with the --schema-first and --schema-only options is mishandled. For example, the sslmode connection parameter may be lost, which means that SSL would not be used.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "pgsync"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.6.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-31671"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-04-27T15:54:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-04-27T03:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "pgsync before 0.6.7 is affected by Information Disclosure of sensitive information. Syncing the schema with the `--schema-first` and `--schema-only` options is mishandled. For example, the sslmode connection parameter may be lost, which means that SSL would not be used.",
"id": "GHSA-72rj-36qc-47g7",
"modified": "2023-08-25T22:09:00Z",
"published": "2021-04-27T15:54:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31671"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ankane/pgsync/issues/121"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ankane/pgsync/commit/05cd18f5fc09407e4b544f2c12f819cabc50c40e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ankane/pgsync/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md#067-2021-04-26"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/pgsync/CVE-2021-31671.yml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Pgsync Contains Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information"
}
GHSA-7338-GGW3-P5G2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:53 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:53The FSX / P3Dv4 installer 2.0.1.231 for Flight Sim Labs A320-X sends a user's Google account credentials to http://installLog.flightsimlabs.com/LogHandler3.ashx if a pirated serial number has been entered, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information, e.g., by sniffing the network for cleartext HTTP traffic. This behavior was removed in 2.0.1.232.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-7259"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-02-20T00:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The FSX / P3Dv4 installer 2.0.1.231 for Flight Sim Labs A320-X sends a user\u0027s Google account credentials to http://installLog.flightsimlabs.com/LogHandler3.ashx if a pirated serial number has been entered, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information, e.g., by sniffing the network for cleartext HTTP traffic. This behavior was removed in 2.0.1.232.",
"id": "GHSA-7338-ggw3-p5g2",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:53:18Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:53:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-7259"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forums.flightsimlabs.com/index.php?/topic/16210-malware-in-installer"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/@lukegorman97/flightsimlabs-alleged-malware-analysis-1427c4d23368"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/flightsim/comments/7yh4zu/fslabs_a320_installer_seems_to_include_a_chrome"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-734Q-Q7GR-735X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-10 03:31 – Updated: 2024-12-10 03:31Webservice API endpoints for Assisted Service Module within SAP Commerce Cloud has information disclosure vulnerability. When an authorized agent searches for customer to manage their accounts, the request url includes customer data and it is recorded in server logs. If an attacker impersonating as authorized admin visits such server logs, then they get access to the customer data. The amount of leaked confidential data however is extremely limited, and the attacker has no control over what data is leaked.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-47577"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-10T01:15:05Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Webservice API endpoints for Assisted Service Module within SAP Commerce Cloud has information disclosure vulnerability. When an authorized agent searches for customer to manage their accounts, the request url includes customer data and it is recorded in server logs. If an attacker impersonating as authorized admin visits such server logs, then they get access to the customer data. The amount of leaked confidential data however is extremely limited, and the attacker has no control over what data is leaked.",
"id": "GHSA-734q-q7gr-735x",
"modified": "2024-12-10T03:31:45Z",
"published": "2024-12-10T03:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47577"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3535451"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-73R6-4F43-344G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-06 18:31 – Updated: 2026-01-06 18:31iDS6 DSSPro Digital Signage System 6.2 contains a sensitive information disclosure vulnerability that allows remote attackers to intercept authentication credentials through cleartext cookie transmission. Attackers can exploit the autoSave feature to capture user passwords during man-in-the-middle attacks on HTTP communications.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-36917"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-06T16:15:47Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "iDS6 DSSPro Digital Signage System 6.2 contains a sensitive information disclosure vulnerability that allows remote attackers to intercept authentication credentials through cleartext cookie transmission. Attackers can exploit the autoSave feature to capture user passwords during man-in-the-middle attacks on HTTP communications.",
"id": "GHSA-73r6-4f43-344g",
"modified": "2026-01-06T18:31:34Z",
"published": "2026-01-06T18:31:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36917"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cxsecurity.com/issue/WLB-2020110023"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/191261"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/159915"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200919100215/http://www.yerootech.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ids-dsspro-digital-signage-system-cleartext-password-disclosure-via-cookie"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2020-5605.php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-73X8-CCPR-JW52
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-24 18:31 – Updated: 2025-01-24 18:31IBM Concert Software 1.0.0 and 1.0.1 could allow a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information, caused by the failure to properly enable HTTP Strict Transport Security. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to obtain sensitive information using man in the middle techniques.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-41757"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-311",
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-24T16:15:36Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Concert Software 1.0.0 and 1.0.1 could allow a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information, caused by the failure to properly enable HTTP Strict Transport Security. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to obtain sensitive information using man in the middle techniques.",
"id": "GHSA-73x8-ccpr-jw52",
"modified": "2025-01-24T18:31:12Z",
"published": "2025-01-24T18:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-41757"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7173596"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7496-FGV9-XW82
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-20 23:44 – Updated: 2024-12-18 19:19Impact
For Cilium users who are using CRDs to store Cilium state (the default configuration) and Wireguard transparent encryption, responses from pods to the Ingress and health endpoints are not encrypted. Traffic from the Ingress and health endpoints to pods is not affected by this issue. The health endpoint is only used for Cilium's internal health checks.
Patches
This issue affects Cilium v1.14 before v1.14.7.
This issue has been patched in Cilium v1.14.7.
Workarounds
There is no workaround to this issue - affected users are encouraged to upgrade.
Acknowledgements
The Cilium community has worked together with members of Isovalent to prepare these mitigations. Special thanks to @gandro for their work on triaging and remediating this issue.
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please reach out on Slack.
If you think you have found a vulnerability affecting Cilium, we strongly encourage you to report it to our security mailing list at security@cilium.io. This is a private mailing list where only members of the Cilium internal security team are subscribed to, and your report will be treated as top priority.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/cilium/cilium"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.14.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.14.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-25630"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-311",
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-02-20T23:44:45Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-20T18:15:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nFor Cilium users who are using CRDs to store Cilium state (the default configuration) and [Wireguard transparent encryption](https://docs.cilium.io/en/stable/security/network/encryption-wireguard/#encryption-wg), responses from pods to the Ingress and health endpoints are not encrypted. Traffic from the Ingress and health endpoints to pods is not affected by this issue. The health endpoint is only used for Cilium\u0027s internal health checks.\n\n### Patches\n\nThis issue affects Cilium v1.14 before v1.14.7.\n\nThis issue has been patched in Cilium v1.14.7.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere is no workaround to this issue - affected users are encouraged to upgrade.\n\n### Acknowledgements\n\nThe Cilium community has worked together with members of Isovalent to prepare these mitigations. Special thanks to @gandro for their work on triaging and remediating this issue.\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please reach out on [Slack](https://docs.cilium.io/en/latest/community/community/#slack).\n\nIf you think you have found a vulnerability affecting Cilium, we strongly encourage you to report it to our security mailing list at [security@cilium.io](mailto:security@cilium.io). This is a private mailing list where only members of the Cilium internal security team are subscribed to, and your report will be treated as top priority.\n",
"id": "GHSA-7496-fgv9-xw82",
"modified": "2024-12-18T19:19:36Z",
"published": "2024-02-20T23:44:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cilium/cilium/security/advisories/GHSA-7496-fgv9-xw82"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-25630"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.cilium.io/en/stable/security/network/encryption-wireguard/#encryption-wg"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/cilium/cilium"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cilium/cilium/releases/tag/v1.14.7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Unencrypted ingress/health traffic when using Wireguard transparent encryption"
}
GHSA-74M2-G8XQ-P8CP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-28 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:15there is a possible use of unencrypted transport over cellular networks due to an insecure default value. This could lead to remote information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android kernelAndroid ID: A-264698379References: N/A
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-21219"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-28T18:15:16Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "there is a possible use of unencrypted transport over cellular networks due to an insecure default value. This could lead to remote information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android kernelAndroid ID: A-264698379References: N/A",
"id": "GHSA-74m2-g8xq-p8cp",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:15:53Z",
"published": "2023-06-28T18:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21219"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2023-06-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7568-GXG7-R8H9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:45 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:36Vulnerability in the MySQL Server component of Oracle MySQL (subcomponent: Server: C API). Supported versions that are affected are 5.5.55 and earlier and 5.6.35 and earlier. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all MySQL Server accessible data. CVSS 3.0 Base Score 5.3 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N). NOTE: the previous information is from the April 2017 CPU. Oracle has not commented on third-party claims that this issue allows man-in-the-middle attackers to hijack the authentication of users by leveraging incorrect ordering of security parameter verification in a client, aka, "The Riddle".
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-3305"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-24T19:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the MySQL Server component of Oracle MySQL (subcomponent: Server: C API). Supported versions that are affected are 5.5.55 and earlier and 5.6.35 and earlier. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all MySQL Server accessible data. CVSS 3.0 Base Score 5.3 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N). NOTE: the previous information is from the April 2017 CPU. Oracle has not commented on third-party claims that this issue allows man-in-the-middle attackers to hijack the authentication of users by leveraging incorrect ordering of security parameter verification in a client, aka, \"The Riddle\".",
"id": "GHSA-7568-gxg7-r8h9",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:36:38Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:45:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-3305"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:2787"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://riddle.link"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-3834"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2017/03/17/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuapr2017-3236618.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97023"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038287"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-75HR-42CM-P5WQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-06 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-09 00:00The Simple Single Sign On WordPress plugin through 4.1.0 leaks its OAuth client_secret, which could be used by attackers to gain unauthorized access to the site.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-2083"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-319",
"CWE-326"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-05T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Simple Single Sign On WordPress plugin through 4.1.0 leaks its OAuth client_secret, which could be used by attackers to gain unauthorized access to the site.",
"id": "GHSA-75hr-42cm-p5wq",
"modified": "2022-09-09T00:00:57Z",
"published": "2022-09-06T00:00:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-2083"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lana.codes/lanavdb/0bab7575-45fc-432d-945e-6100c35c574c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/2bbfc855-6901-462f-8a93-120d7fb5d268"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-77R2-RJFH-M7WH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:43 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:43Cleartext transmission of sensitive information vulnerability in synorelayd in Synology DiskStation Manager (DSM) before 6.2.3-25426-3 allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers via an HTTP session.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-26564"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-319"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-26T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cleartext transmission of sensitive information vulnerability in synorelayd in Synology DiskStation Manager (DSM) before 6.2.3-25426-3 allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers via an HTTP session.",
"id": "GHSA-77r2-rjfh-m7wh",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:43:19Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:43:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26564"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.synology.com/security/advisory/Synology_SA_20_26"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2020-1160"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Before transmitting, encrypt the data using reliable, confidentiality-protecting cryptographic protocols.
Mitigation
When using web applications with SSL, use SSL for the entire session from login to logout, not just for the initial login page.
Mitigation
When designing hardware platforms, ensure that approved encryption algorithms (such as those recommended by NIST) protect paths from security critical data to trusted user applications.
Mitigation
Use tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session. These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules.
Mitigation
Configure servers to use encrypted channels for communication, which may include SSL or other secure protocols.
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-117: Interception
An adversary monitors data streams to or from the target for information gathering purposes. This attack may be undertaken to solely gather sensitive information or to support a further attack against the target. This attack pattern can involve sniffing network traffic as well as other types of data streams (e.g. radio). The adversary can attempt to initiate the establishment of a data stream or passively observe the communications as they unfold. In all variants of this attack, the adversary is not the intended recipient of the data stream. In contrast to other means of gathering information (e.g., targeting data leaks), the adversary must actively position themself so as to observe explicit data channels (e.g. network traffic) and read the content. However, this attack differs from a Adversary-In-the-Middle (CAPEC-94) attack, as the adversary does not alter the content of the communications nor forward data to the intended recipient.
CAPEC-383: Harvesting Information via API Event Monitoring
An adversary hosts an event within an application framework and then monitors the data exchanged during the course of the event for the purpose of harvesting any important data leaked during the transactions. One example could be harvesting lists of usernames or userIDs for the purpose of sending spam messages to those users. One example of this type of attack involves the adversary creating an event within the sub-application. Assume the adversary hosts a "virtual sale" of rare items. As other users enter the event, the attacker records via AiTM (CAPEC-94) proxy the user_ids and usernames of everyone who attends. The adversary would then be able to spam those users within the application using an automated script.
CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content
An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.
CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code
An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.