Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-319

Allowed

Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product transmits sensitive or security-critical data in cleartext in a communication channel that can be sniffed by unauthorized actors.

1147 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-V7H7-W765-G2FF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:27 – Updated: 2024-01-25 21:32
VLAI
Details

Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) running PIX 7.0 before 7.0.7.1, 7.1 before 7.1.2.61, 7.2 before 7.2.2.34, and 8.0 before 8.0.2.11, when AAA is enabled, composes %ASA-5-111008 messages from the "test aaa" command with cleartext passwords and sends them over the network to a remote syslog server or places them in a local logging buffer, which allows context-dependent attackers to obtain sensitive information.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2007-4786"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2007-09-10T21:17:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) running PIX 7.0 before 7.0.7.1, 7.1 before 7.1.2.61, 7.2 before 7.2.2.34, and 8.0 before 8.0.2.11, when AAA is enabled, composes %ASA-5-111008 messages from the \"test aaa\" command with cleartext passwords and sends them over the network to a remote syslog server or places them in a local logging buffer, which allows context-dependent attackers to obtain sensitive information.",
  "id": "GHSA-v7h7-w765-g2ff",
  "modified": "2024-01-25T21:32:10Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T18:27:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-4786"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/36473"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/37499"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/26677"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://tools.cisco.com/Support/BugToolKit/search/getBugDetails.do?method=fetchBugDetails\u0026bugId=CSCsj72903"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/563673"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/MIMG-74ZK93"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/25548"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1018660"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2007/3076"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V7VC-4PPW-R84H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-02 18:30 – Updated: 2025-04-24 15:30
VLAI
Details

Lazy Mouse allows an attacker (in a man in the middle position between the server and a connected device) to see all data (including keypresses) in cleartext. CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-45483"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-12-02T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Lazy Mouse allows an attacker (in a man in the middle position between the server and a connected device) to see all data (including keypresses) in cleartext. CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
  "id": "GHSA-v7vc-4ppw-r84h",
  "modified": "2025-04-24T15:30:36Z",
  "published": "2022-12-02T18:30:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45483"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.synopsys.com/blogs/software-security/cyrc-advisory-remote-code-execution-vulnerabilities-mouse-keyboard-apps"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V8JP-7JRQ-RG7X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:53 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:53
VLAI
Details

Unencrypted transmission of images in Tinder iOS app and Tinder Android app allows an attacker to extract private sensitive information by sniffing network traffic.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-6017"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-01-24T15:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Unencrypted transmission of images in Tinder iOS app and Tinder Android app allows an attacker to extract private sensitive information by sniffing network traffic.",
  "id": "GHSA-v8jp-7jrq-rg7x",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:53:00Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:53:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-6017"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.checkmarx.com/2018/01/23/tinder-someone-may-watching-swipe-2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wired.com/story/tinder-lack-of-encryption-lets-strangers-spy-on-swipes"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V994-7F87-HH83

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-23 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:53
VLAI
Details

IBM Security Verify Governance 10.0 does not encrypt sensitive or critical information before storage or transmission. IBM X-Force ID: 256020.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-33837"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-311",
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-10-23T20:15:08Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "IBM Security Verify Governance 10.0 does not encrypt sensitive or critical information before storage or transmission.  IBM X-Force ID:  256020.",
  "id": "GHSA-v994-7f87-hh83",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T08:53:30Z",
  "published": "2023-10-23T21:30:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33837"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/256020"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7057377"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V9CF-PXQ6-W297

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-04 00:30 – Updated: 2025-02-13 15:31
VLAI
Details

The Samba AD DC administration tool, when operating against a remote LDAP server, will by default send new or reset passwords over a signed-only connection.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-0922"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-03T23:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Samba AD DC administration tool, when operating against a remote LDAP server, will by default send new or reset passwords over a signed-only connection.",
  "id": "GHSA-v9cf-pxq6-w297",
  "modified": "2025-02-13T15:31:21Z",
  "published": "2023-04-04T00:30:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0922"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YXBPYIA4VWNOD437NAHZ3NXKAETLFB5S"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YXBPYIA4VWNOD437NAHZ3NXKAETLFB5S"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202309-06"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230406-0007"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.samba.org/samba/security/CVE-2023-0922.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VC46-CF3P-6RC7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-13 09:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:45
VLAI
Details

A cleartext transmission of sensitive information vulnerability [CWE-319] in Fortinet FortiOS version 7.2.0 through 7.2.4, 7.0.0 through 7.0.8, FortiProxy version 7.2.0 through 7.2.1 and 7.0.0 through 7.0.8 allows an authenticated attacker with readonly superadmin privileges to intercept traffic in order to obtain other adminstrators cookies via diagnose CLI commands.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-41327"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-13T09:15:14Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A cleartext transmission of sensitive information vulnerability [CWE-319] in Fortinet FortiOS version 7.2.0 through 7.2.4, 7.0.0 through 7.0.8, FortiProxy version 7.2.0 through 7.2.1 and 7.0.0 through 7.0.8 allows an authenticated attacker with readonly superadmin privileges to intercept traffic in order to obtain other adminstrators cookies via diagnose CLI commands.",
  "id": "GHSA-vc46-cf3p-6rc7",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T04:45:22Z",
  "published": "2023-06-13T09:30:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41327"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-22-380"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VCP3-GCJ3-F3H6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-13 21:30 – Updated: 2024-11-13 21:30
VLAI
Details

Cleartext transmission of sensitive information for some BigDL software maintained by Intel(R) before version 2.5.0 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via adjacent access.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-28169"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-13T21:15:14Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cleartext transmission of sensitive information for some BigDL software maintained by Intel(R) before version 2.5.0 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via adjacent access.",
  "id": "GHSA-vcp3-gcj3-f3h6",
  "modified": "2024-11-13T21:30:36Z",
  "published": "2024-11-13T21:30:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28169"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01146.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VF32-GCPR-VGFQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-04 12:00 – Updated: 2024-02-12 21:30
VLAI
Details

"IBM Robotic Process Automation 21.0.1 and 21.0.2 could disclose sensitive version information that could aid in further attacks against the system. IBM X-Force ID: 234292."

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-38710"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-312",
      "CWE-319",
      "CWE-497"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-11-03T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "\"IBM Robotic Process Automation 21.0.1 and 21.0.2 could disclose sensitive version information that could aid in further attacks against the system. IBM X-Force ID: 234292.\"",
  "id": "GHSA-vf32-gcpr-vgfq",
  "modified": "2024-02-12T21:30:54Z",
  "published": "2022-11-04T12:00:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38710"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/234292"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6831681"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VF46-VQQ9-HG36

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:17 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:17
VLAI
Details

Authorization bypass through user-controlled key vulnerability in MELSEC iQ-R series Safety CPU R08/16/32/120SFCPU all versions and MELSEC iQ-R series SIL2 Process CPU R08/16/32/120PSFCPU all versions allows an remote unauthenticated attacker to login to a target CPU module by obtaining credentials other than password.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-20599"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-319",
      "CWE-639",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-10-14T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Authorization bypass through user-controlled key vulnerability in MELSEC iQ-R series Safety CPU R08/16/32/120SFCPU all versions and MELSEC iQ-R series SIL2 Process CPU R08/16/32/120PSFCPU all versions allows an remote unauthenticated attacker to login to a target CPU module by obtaining credentials other than password.",
  "id": "GHSA-vf46-vqq9-hg36",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:17:36Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:17:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20599"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/vu/JVNVU98578731"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-21-287-03"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mitsubishielectric.com/en/psirt/vulnerability/pdf/2021-011_en.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-VF58-GGX8-PWP7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-19 21:31 – Updated: 2025-11-25 15:31
VLAI
Details

Vasion Print (formerly PrinterLogic) Virtual Appliance Host versions prior to 22.0.1049 and Application versions prior to 20.0.2786 (VA and SaaS deployments) contain insecure defaults and code patterns that disable TLS/SSL certificate verification for communications to printers and internal microservices. In multiple places, the application sets libcurl/PHP transport options such that CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST and CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER are effectively disabled, and environment variables (for example API_*_VERIFYSSL=false) are used to turn off verification for gateway and microservice endpoints. As a result, the client accepts TLS connections without validating server certificates (and, in some cases, uses clear-text HTTP), permitting on-path attackers to perform man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks. An attacker able to intercept network traffic between the product and printers or microservices can eavesdrop on and modify sensitive data (including print jobs, configuration, and authentication tokens), inject malicious payloads, or disrupt service.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-34199"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295",
      "CWE-319"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-19T19:15:40Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Vasion Print (formerly PrinterLogic) Virtual Appliance Host versions prior to 22.0.1049 and Application versions prior to\u00a020.0.2786 (VA and SaaS deployments) contain insecure defaults and code patterns that disable TLS/SSL certificate verification for communications to printers and internal microservices. In multiple places, the application sets libcurl/PHP transport options such that CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST and CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER are effectively disabled, and environment variables (for example API_*_VERIFYSSL=false) are used to turn off verification for gateway and microservice endpoints. As a result, the client accepts TLS connections without validating server certificates (and, in some cases, uses clear-text HTTP), permitting on-path attackers to perform man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks. An attacker able to intercept network traffic between the product and printers or microservices can eavesdrop on and modify sensitive data (including print jobs, configuration, and authentication tokens), inject malicious payloads, or disrupt service.",
  "id": "GHSA-vf58-ggx8-pwp7",
  "modified": "2025-11-25T15:31:33Z",
  "published": "2025-09-19T21:31:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-34199"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://help.printerlogic.com/saas/Print/Security/Security-Bulletins.htm"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://help.printerlogic.com/va/Print/Security/Security-Bulletins.htm"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2025-04-08-vasion-printerlogic-83-vulnerabilities.html#va-insecure-communications"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vasion-print-printerlogic-insecure-ssl-verification-allows-mitm-attacks"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Before transmitting, encrypt the data using reliable, confidentiality-protecting cryptographic protocols.

Mitigation
Implementation

When using web applications with SSL, use SSL for the entire session from login to logout, not just for the initial login page.

Mitigation
Implementation

When designing hardware platforms, ensure that approved encryption algorithms (such as those recommended by NIST) protect paths from security critical data to trusted user applications.

Mitigation
Testing

Use tools and techniques that require manual (human) analysis, such as penetration testing, threat modeling, and interactive tools that allow the tester to record and modify an active session. These may be more effective than strictly automated techniques. This is especially the case with weaknesses that are related to design and business rules.

Mitigation
Operation

Configure servers to use encrypted channels for communication, which may include SSL or other secure protocols.

CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking

Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.

CAPEC-117: Interception

An adversary monitors data streams to or from the target for information gathering purposes. This attack may be undertaken to solely gather sensitive information or to support a further attack against the target. This attack pattern can involve sniffing network traffic as well as other types of data streams (e.g. radio). The adversary can attempt to initiate the establishment of a data stream or passively observe the communications as they unfold. In all variants of this attack, the adversary is not the intended recipient of the data stream. In contrast to other means of gathering information (e.g., targeting data leaks), the adversary must actively position themself so as to observe explicit data channels (e.g. network traffic) and read the content. However, this attack differs from a Adversary-In-the-Middle (CAPEC-94) attack, as the adversary does not alter the content of the communications nor forward data to the intended recipient.

CAPEC-383: Harvesting Information via API Event Monitoring

An adversary hosts an event within an application framework and then monitors the data exchanged during the course of the event for the purpose of harvesting any important data leaked during the transactions. One example could be harvesting lists of usernames or userIDs for the purpose of sending spam messages to those users. One example of this type of attack involves the adversary creating an event within the sub-application. Assume the adversary hosts a "virtual sale" of rare items. As other users enter the event, the attacker records via AiTM (CAPEC-94) proxy the user_ids and usernames of everyone who attends. The adversary would then be able to spam those users within the application using an automated script.

CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content

An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.

CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code

An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.