Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-295

Allowed

Improper Certificate Validation

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.

1917 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-GF2V-9HP6-44QG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-03-14 15:40 – Updated: 2022-09-17 00:32
VLAI
Summary
org.apache.hive:hive, org.apache.hive:hive-exec, and org.apache.hive:hive-service vulnerable to Improper Certificate Validation
Details

Apache Hive (JDBC + HiveServer2) implements SSL for plain TCP and HTTP connections (it supports both transport modes). While validating the server's certificate during the connection setup, the client in Apache Hive before 1.2.2 and 2.0.x before 2.0.1 doesn't seem to be verifying the common name attribute of the certificate. In this way, if a JDBC client sends an SSL request to server abc.com, and the server responds with a valid certificate (certified by CA) but issued to xyz.com, the client will accept that as a valid certificate and the SSL handshake will go through.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.hive:hive"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.2.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.hive:hive"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "2.0.0"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.hive:hive-service"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.2.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.hive:hive-service"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "2.0.0"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.hive:hive-exec"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.2.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.hive:hive-exec"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "2.0.0"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-3083"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:36:59Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Apache Hive (JDBC + HiveServer2) implements SSL for plain TCP and HTTP connections (it supports both transport modes). While validating the server\u0027s certificate during the connection setup, the client in Apache Hive before 1.2.2 and 2.0.x before 2.0.1 doesn\u0027t seem to be verifying the common name attribute of the certificate. In this way, if a JDBC client sends an SSL request to server abc.com, and the server responds with a valid certificate (certified by CA) but issued to xyz.com, the client will accept that as a valid certificate and the SSL handshake will go through.",
  "id": "GHSA-gf2v-9hp6-44qg",
  "modified": "2022-09-17T00:32:32Z",
  "published": "2019-03-14T15:40:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-3083"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-gf2v-9hp6-44qg"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/0851bcf85635385f94cdaa008053802d92b4aab0a3075e30ed171192@%3Cdev.hive.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/98669"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "org.apache.hive:hive, org.apache.hive:hive-exec, and org.apache.hive:hive-service vulnerable to Improper Certificate Validation "
}

GHSA-GF47-QGG5-9G9Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-28 12:31 – Updated: 2026-07-09 15:32
VLAI
Details

Improper Validation of Certificate with Host Mismatch vulnerability in Apache Thrift.

This issue affects Apache Thrift: before 0.23.0.

Users are recommended to upgrade to version 0.23.0, which fixes the issue.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-41603"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295",
      "CWE-297"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-28T10:16:03Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper Validation of Certificate with Host Mismatch vulnerability in Apache Thrift.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Thrift: before 0.23.0.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 0.23.0, which fixes the issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-gf47-qgg5-9g9q",
  "modified": "2026-07-09T15:32:00Z",
  "published": "2026-04-28T12:31:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41603"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:14885"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:21769"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22347"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:22423"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:23345"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24539"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36882"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-41603"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2463411"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/lb4j0zyd5f3g36cos0wql925przpnwql"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-41603.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/28/7"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GFF4-9RFX-4PCW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:34 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:34
VLAI
Details

Go before 1.14.12 and 1.15.x before 1.15.4 allows Denial of Service.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-28362"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-11-18T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Go before 1.14.12 and 1.15.x before 1.15.4 allows Denial of Service.",
  "id": "GHSA-gff4-9rfx-4pcw",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:34:32Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:34:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-28362"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://groups.google.com/g/golang-nuts/c/c-ssaaS7RMI"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd02e75766cd333a0df417588460f5e4477060633000bfe94955851fd@%3Cissues.trafficcontrol.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/2W4COUPL3YVTZ6RTEIT6LPBDJUFF3VSP"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/F3ZSHGNTJWCWYAKY5OLZS2XQQYHSXSUO"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20201202-0004"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.arista.com/en/support/advisories-notices/security-advisories/12166-security-advisory-62"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-GG8H-RVX3-6C4C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-02 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:29
VLAI
Details

Certificate OCSP revocation status was not checked when verifying S/Mime signatures. Mail signed with a revoked certificate would be displayed as having a valid signature. Thunderbird versions from 68 to 102.7.0 were affected by this bug. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 102.7.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-0430"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-02T17:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Certificate OCSP revocation status was not checked when verifying S/Mime signatures. Mail signed with a revoked certificate would be displayed as having a valid signature. Thunderbird versions from 68 to 102.7.0 were affected by this bug. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird \u003c 102.7.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-gg8h-rvx3-6c4c",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T04:29:12Z",
  "published": "2023-06-02T18:30:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0430"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1769000"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-04"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GG97-R299-8CPM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-15 15:31 – Updated: 2025-09-15 15:31
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in the method push.lite.avtech.com.MySSLSocketFactoryNew.checkServerTrusted in AVTECH EagleEyes 2.0.0. The custom X509TrustManager used in checkServerTrusted only checks the certificate's expiration date, skipping proper TLS chain validation.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-50944"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-15T14:15:43Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in the method push.lite.avtech.com.MySSLSocketFactoryNew.checkServerTrusted in AVTECH EagleEyes 2.0.0. The custom X509TrustManager used in checkServerTrusted only checks the certificate\u0027s expiration date, skipping proper TLS chain validation.",
  "id": "GHSA-gg97-r299-8cpm",
  "modified": "2025-09-15T15:31:24Z",
  "published": "2025-09-15T15:31:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-50944"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shinyColumn/CVE-2025-50944"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://shinycolumn.notion.site/eagleeyes-lite"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GGGH-R5VJ-86C3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:46 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:46
VLAI
Details

Remote Service Manager 3.0.0 to 3.1.4 fails to verify client certificates, which may allow remote attackers to gain access to systems on the network.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-7815"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-04-28T16:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Remote Service Manager 3.0.0 to 3.1.4 fails to verify client certificates, which may allow remote attackers to gain access to systems on the network.",
  "id": "GHSA-gggh-r5vj-86c3",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T02:46:12Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:46:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-7815"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.cybozu.com/ja-jp/article/9689"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN19241292/index.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95379"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GGV5-38C7-P4JR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-13 03:30 – Updated: 2025-02-13 18:32
VLAI
Details

Due to improper validation of certificate in SAP Cloud Connector - version 2.0, attacker can impersonate the genuine servers to interact with SCC breaking the mutual authentication. Hence, the attacker can intercept the request to view/modify sensitive information. There is no impact on the availability of the system.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-25642"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-13T03:15:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Due to improper validation of certificate in SAP Cloud Connector - version 2.0, attacker can impersonate the genuine servers to interact with SCC breaking the mutual authentication. Hence, the attacker can intercept the request to view/modify sensitive information. There is no impact on the availability of the system.",
  "id": "GHSA-ggv5-38c7-p4jr",
  "modified": "2025-02-13T18:32:14Z",
  "published": "2024-02-13T03:30:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-25642"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3424610"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.sap.com/documents/2022/02/fa865ea4-167e-0010-bca6-c68f7e60039b.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/May/26"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GH47-WQWG-V2CM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-16 15:32 – Updated: 2025-09-16 15:32
VLAI
Details

An authentication bypass vulnerability exists in the out-of-support Control-M/Agent versions 9.0.18 to 9.0.20 and potentially earlier unsupported versions when using an empty or default kdb keystore or a default PKCS#12 keystore. A remote attacker with access to a signed third-party or demo certificate for client authentication can bypass the need for a certificate signed by the certificate authority of the organization during authentication on the Control-M/Agent.

The Control-M/Agent contains hardcoded certificates which are only trusted as fallback if an empty kdb keystore is used; they are never trusted if a PKCS#12 keystore is used. All of these certificates are now expired.

In addition, the Control-M/Agent default kdb and PKCS#12 keystores contain trusted third-party certificates (external recognized CAs and default self-signed demo certificates) which are trusted for client authentication.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-55109"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-16T13:16:04Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An authentication bypass vulnerability exists in the out-of-support Control-M/Agent versions 9.0.18 to 9.0.20 and potentially earlier unsupported versions when using an empty or default kdb keystore or a default PKCS#12 keystore. A remote attacker with access to a signed third-party or demo certificate for client authentication can bypass the need for a certificate signed by the certificate authority of the organization during authentication on the Control-M/Agent.\n\nThe Control-M/Agent contains hardcoded certificates which are only trusted as fallback if an empty kdb keystore is used; they are never trusted if a PKCS#12 keystore is used. All of these certificates are now expired.\n\n\nIn addition, the Control-M/Agent default kdb and PKCS#12 keystores contain trusted third-party certificates (external recognized CAs and default self-signed demo certificates) which are trusted for client authentication.",
  "id": "GHSA-gh47-wqwg-v2cm",
  "modified": "2025-09-16T15:32:36Z",
  "published": "2025-09-16T15:32:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55109"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bmcapps.my.site.com/casemgmt/sc_KnowledgeArticle?sfdcid=000441963"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bmcapps.my.site.com/casemgmt/sc_KnowledgeArticle?sfdcid=000442099"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GJ29-J7QG-VPF7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-04 03:31 – Updated: 2024-12-04 03:31
VLAI
Details

An Improper Certificate Validation on the UniFi iOS App managing a standalone UniFi Access Point (not using UniFi Network Application) could allow a malicious actor with access to an adjacent network to take control of this UniFi Access Point.

Affected Products: UniFi iOS App (Version 10.17.7 and earlier)

Mitigation: UniFi iOS App (Version 10.18.0 or later).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-45205"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-04T02:15:05Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An Improper Certificate Validation on the UniFi iOS App managing a standalone UniFi Access Point (not using UniFi Network Application) could allow a malicious actor with access to an adjacent network to take control of this UniFi Access Point.\n\n\nAffected Products:\nUniFi iOS App (Version 10.17.7 and earlier) \n \nMitigation:\nUniFi iOS App (Version 10.18.0 or later).",
  "id": "GHSA-gj29-j7qg-vpf7",
  "modified": "2024-12-04T03:31:16Z",
  "published": "2024-12-04T03:31:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45205"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://community.ui.com/releases/UniFi-iOS-10-18-0/42f02428-544c-4626-b5b3-5ae40308edc7"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GJ95-8384-WRH5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-17 03:32 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:42
VLAI
Details

IBM Security Verify Privilege On-Premises 11.5 could allow an attacker to spoof a trusted entity due to improperly validating certificates. IBM X-Force ID: 221957.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-22380"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-295"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-10-17T02:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "\nIBM Security Verify Privilege On-Premises 11.5 could allow an attacker to spoof a trusted entity due to improperly validating certificates.  IBM X-Force ID:  221957.\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-gj95-8384-wrh5",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T08:42:20Z",
  "published": "2023-10-17T03:32:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22380"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/221957"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7047202"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Certificates should be carefully managed and checked to assure that data are encrypted with the intended owner's public key.

Mitigation
Implementation

If certificate pinning is being used, ensure that all relevant properties of the certificate are fully validated before the certificate is pinned, including the hostname.

CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness resulting from using a hashing algorithm with weak collision resistance to generate certificate signing requests (CSR) that contain collision blocks in their "to be signed" parts. The adversary submits one CSR to be signed by a trusted certificate authority then uses the signed blob to make a second certificate appear signed by said certificate authority. Due to the hash collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the adversary's second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority.

CAPEC-475: Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation

An adversary exploits a cryptographic weakness in the signature verification algorithm implementation to generate a valid signature without knowing the key.