CWE-285
DiscouragedImproper Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
2303 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-XHGQ-H98J-859V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-22 18:31 – Updated: 2025-01-22 19:08The Jenkins GitLab Plugin 1.9.6 and earlier does not correctly perform a permission check in an HTTP endpoint.
This allows attackers with global Item/Configure permission (while lacking Item/Configure permission on any particular job) to enumerate credential IDs of GitLab API token credentials and Secret text credentials stored in Jenkins. Those can be used as part of an attack to capture the credentials using another vulnerability.
An enumeration of credential IDs in GitLab Plugin 1.9.7 requires Overall/Administer permission.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:gitlab-plugin"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.9.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-24397"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-01-22T19:08:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-22T17:15:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Jenkins GitLab Plugin 1.9.6 and earlier does not correctly perform a permission check in an HTTP endpoint.\n\nThis allows attackers with global Item/Configure permission (while lacking Item/Configure permission on any particular job) to enumerate credential IDs of GitLab API token credentials and Secret text credentials stored in Jenkins. Those can be used as part of an attack to capture the credentials using another vulnerability.\n\nAn enumeration of credential IDs in GitLab Plugin 1.9.7 requires Overall/Administer permission.\n",
"id": "GHSA-xhgq-h98j-859v",
"modified": "2025-01-22T19:08:13Z",
"published": "2025-01-22T18:31:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24397"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/gitlab-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2025-01-22/#SECURITY-3260"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Incorrect permission check in Jenkins GitLab Plugin allows enumerating credentials IDs "
}
GHSA-XJ43-GC98-HG3F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:48 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:03Insufficient policy enforcement in site isolation in Google Chrome prior to 69.0.3497.81 allowed a remote attacker to bypass site isolation via a crafted HTML page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-16074"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-06-27T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insufficient policy enforcement in site isolation in Google Chrome prior to 69.0.3497.81 allowed a remote attacker to bypass site isolation via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-xj43-gc98-hg3f",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:03:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:48:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16074"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2018/09/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/863623"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XPWJ-7V8Q-MCGJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-09-23 23:18 – Updated: 2022-08-11 16:54Impact
Modules that are dynamically imported through import() or new Worker might have been able to bypass network and file system permission checks when statically importing other modules. In Deno 1.5.x and 1.6.x only programs dynamically importing (especially transitively) untrusted code are affected. In Deno 1.7.x all programs importing (especially transitively) untrusted code are affected.
In effect an attacker in control of a (possibly remote) module in a programs module graph has been able to, irrespective of permissions: 1. initiate GET requests to arbitrary URLs on the internet (including LAN) and possibly read (parts of) the contents of these resources. 2. check for existence of arbitrary paths on the file system, and possibly read (parts of) the contents of these files.
In Deno 1.5.x (October 27th, 2020) and Deno 1.6.x (December 8th, 2020) the attacker module had to have been granted permissions to load dynamically through the network / fs read permission. Since Deno 1.7.x (January 19th, 2021) this vulnerability was able to be exploited in a fully sandboxed isolate (without any permissions). This vulnerability was not present in releases prior to 1.5.0.
Arbitrary non-GET requests, control over request headers, or file system writes are not possible through this vulnerability. Users of the deno_core, deno_runtime, or other deno_* crates are not affected. This is a Deno CLI only vulnerability.
We are relatively confident this was not abused in the wild, as by default Deno prints out a green "Download" message when remote imports are downloaded, and this would have caused suspicion if it occurred in the middle of a programs execution. This message can be silenced with the --quiet flag.
Patches
The vulnerability has been patched in Deno release 1.10.2. You can upgrade to the latest Deno version by running the deno upgrade command. The release is available through all official download channels.
Workarounds
There is no workaround for this issue.
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue on the issue tracker * Discuss on Discord
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.10.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "deno"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.10.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-32619"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-09-23T21:13:15Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-28T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nModules that are dynamically imported through `import()` or `new Worker` might have been able to bypass network and file system permission checks when statically importing other modules. In Deno 1.5.x and 1.6.x only programs dynamically importing (especially transitively) untrusted code are affected. In Deno 1.7.x all programs importing (especially transitively) untrusted code are affected.\n\nIn effect an attacker in control of a (possibly remote) module in a programs module graph has been able to, **irrespective of permissions**:\n1. initiate GET requests to arbitrary URLs on the internet (including LAN) and possibly read (parts of) the contents of these resources.\n2. check for existence of arbitrary paths on the file system, and possibly read (parts of) the contents of these files.\n\nIn Deno 1.5.x (October 27th, 2020) and Deno 1.6.x (December 8th, 2020) the attacker module had to have been granted permissions to load dynamically through the network / fs read permission. Since Deno 1.7.x (January 19th, 2021) this vulnerability was able to be exploited in a fully sandboxed isolate (without any permissions). This vulnerability was not present in releases prior to 1.5.0.\n\nArbitrary non-GET requests, control over request headers, or file system writes are not possible through this vulnerability. Users of the `deno_core`, `deno_runtime`, or other `deno_*` crates are not affected. This is a Deno CLI only vulnerability.\n\nWe are relatively confident this was not abused in the wild, as by default Deno prints out a green \"Download\" message when remote imports are downloaded, and this would have caused suspicion if it occurred in the middle of a programs execution. This message can be silenced with the `--quiet` flag. \n\n### Patches\n\nThe vulnerability has been patched in Deno release 1.10.2. You can upgrade to the latest Deno version by running the `deno upgrade` command. The release is available through all official download channels. \n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere is no workaround for this issue.\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue on [the issue tracker](https://github.com/denoland/deno)\n* Discuss on [Discord](https://discord.gg/deno)\n",
"id": "GHSA-xpwj-7v8q-mcgj",
"modified": "2022-08-11T16:54:03Z",
"published": "2021-09-23T23:18:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/denoland/deno/security/advisories/GHSA-xpwj-7v8q-mcgj"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32619"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/denoland/deno"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Deno\u0027s static imports inside dynamically imported modules do not adhere to permission checks"
}
GHSA-XPX7-7HF6-5722
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-22 00:30 – Updated: 2022-12-28 21:30Dataprobe iBoot-PDU FW versions prior to 1.42.06162022 contain a vulnerability where certain PHP pages only validate when a valid connection is established with the database. However, these PHP pages do not verify the validity of a user. Attackers could leverage this lack of verification to read the state of outlets.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3187"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-21T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Dataprobe iBoot-PDU FW versions prior to 1.42.06162022 contain a vulnerability where certain PHP pages only validate when a valid connection is established with the database. However, these PHP pages do not verify the validity of a user. Attackers could leverage this lack of verification to read the state of outlets.",
"id": "GHSA-xpx7-7hf6-5722",
"modified": "2022-12-28T21:30:23Z",
"published": "2022-12-22T00:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3187"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-263-03"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XQ33-FR9F-6P9R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-09 21:31 – Updated: 2025-10-09 21:31Redis Enterprise Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59271"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-09T21:15:38Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Redis Enterprise Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-xq33-fr9f-6p9r",
"modified": "2025-10-09T21:31:13Z",
"published": "2025-10-09T21:31:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59271"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-59271"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XQ9F-7HXC-QRQX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 22:33 – Updated: 2022-08-13 00:00The “Teacher Edit” function of ShinHer StudyOnline System does not perform authority control. After logging in with user’s privilege, remote attackers can access and edit other users’ credential and personal information by crafting URL parameters.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-42330"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-15T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The \u201cTeacher Edit\u201d function of ShinHer StudyOnline System does not perform authority control. After logging in with user\u2019s privilege, remote attackers can access and edit other users\u2019 credential and personal information by crafting URL parameters.",
"id": "GHSA-xq9f-7hxc-qrqx",
"modified": "2022-08-13T00:00:38Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T22:33:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-42330"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-5200-3d3ca-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XQJ2-5WMJ-M7C5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-07 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-07 21:31In pig-mesh In Pig version 3.8.2 and below, within the Token Management function under the System Management module, the token query interface (/api/admin/sys-token/page) has an improper permission verification issue, which leads to information leakage. This interface can be called by any user who has completed login authentication, and it returns the plaintext authentication Tokens of all users currently logged in to the system. As a result, ordinary users can obtain the administrator's authentication Token through this interface, thereby forging an administrator account, gaining the system's management permissions, and taking over the system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-63691"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-07T16:15:42Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In pig-mesh In Pig version 3.8.2 and below, within the Token Management function under the System Management module, the token query interface (/api/admin/sys-token/page) has an improper permission verification issue, which leads to information leakage. This interface can be called by any user who has completed login authentication, and it returns the plaintext authentication Tokens of all users currently logged in to the system. As a result, ordinary users can obtain the administrator\u0027s authentication Token through this interface, thereby forging an administrator account, gaining the system\u0027s management permissions, and taking over the system.",
"id": "GHSA-xqj2-5wmj-m7c5",
"modified": "2025-11-07T21:31:20Z",
"published": "2025-11-07T18:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-63691"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pig-mesh/pig/issues/1202"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LockeTom/vulnerability/blob/main/md/pig_Information_disclosure_vulnerability.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XQQH-8G96-R9WJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-25 19:00 – Updated: 2022-10-29 12:00A vulnerability in the MiCollab Client API of Mitel MiCollab through 9.5.0.101 could allow an authenticated attacker to modify their profile parameters due to improper authorization controls. A successful exploit could allow the authenticated attacker to impersonate another user's name.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-36454"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-25T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the MiCollab Client API of Mitel MiCollab through 9.5.0.101 could allow an authenticated attacker to modify their profile parameters due to improper authorization controls. A successful exploit could allow the authenticated attacker to impersonate another user\u0027s name.",
"id": "GHSA-xqqh-8g96-r9wj",
"modified": "2022-10-29T12:00:50Z",
"published": "2022-10-25T19:00:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36454"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mitel.com/support/security-advisories"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mitel.com/support/security-advisories/mitel-product-security-advisory-22-0006"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XQQX-3G3G-99GR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-17 09:30 – Updated: 2024-03-17 09:30A vulnerability was found in kishor-23 Food Waste Management System 1.0. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /admin/admin.php. The manipulation leads to improper authorization. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-257056. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-2557"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-17T09:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in kishor-23 Food Waste Management System 1.0. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /admin/admin.php. The manipulation leads to improper authorization. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-257056. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-xqqx-3g3g-99gr",
"modified": "2024-03-17T09:30:45Z",
"published": "2024-03-17T09:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2557"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vanitashtml/CVE-Dumps/blob/main/Execute%20After%20Redirect%20-%20Food%20Management%20System.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.257056"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.257056"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XRR2-RR4F-W9P3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-03 03:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:32The VK Blocks plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to improper authorization via the REST 'update_vk_blocks_options' function in versions up to, and including, 1.57.0.5. This allows authenticated attackers, with contributor-level permissions or above, to change plugin settings including default icons.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0583"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-03T02:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The VK Blocks plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to improper authorization via the REST \u0027update_vk_blocks_options\u0027 function in versions up to, and including, 1.57.0.5. This allows authenticated attackers, with contributor-level permissions or above, to change plugin settings including default icons.",
"id": "GHSA-xrr2-rr4f-w9p3",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:32:06Z",
"published": "2023-06-03T03:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0583"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/vk-blocks/trunk/inc/vk-blocks/App/RestAPI/BlockMeta/class-vk-blocks-entrypoint.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2921566/vk-blocks/tags/1.57.1.0/inc/vk-blocks/App/RestAPI/BlockMeta/class-vk-blocks-entrypoint.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/12a94f5b-bc30-4a65-b397-54488c836ec3?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that you perform access control checks related to your business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that you apply to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor.
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting
An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values
The adversary directly or indirectly modifies environment variables used by or controlling the target software. The adversary's goal is to cause the target software to deviate from its expected operation in a manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-39: Manipulating Opaque Client-based Data Tokens
In circumstances where an application holds important data client-side in tokens (cookies, URLs, data files, and so forth) that data can be manipulated. If client or server-side application components reinterpret that data as authentication tokens or data (such as store item pricing or wallet information) then even opaquely manipulating that data may bear fruit for an Attacker. In this pattern an attacker undermines the assumption that client side tokens have been adequately protected from tampering through use of encryption or obfuscation.
CAPEC-402: Bypassing ATA Password Security
An adversary exploits a weakness in ATA security on a drive to gain access to the information the drive contains without supplying the proper credentials. ATA Security is often employed to protect hard disk information from unauthorized access. The mechanism requires the user to type in a password before the BIOS is allowed access to drive contents. Some implementations of ATA security will accept the ATA command to update the password without the user having authenticated with the BIOS. This occurs because the security mechanism assumes the user has first authenticated via the BIOS prior to sending commands to the drive. Various methods exist for exploiting this flaw, the most common being installing the ATA protected drive into a system lacking ATA security features (a.k.a. hot swapping). Once the drive is installed into the new system the BIOS can be used to reset the drive password.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-5: Blue Boxing
This type of attack against older telephone switches and trunks has been around for decades. A tone is sent by an adversary to impersonate a supervisor signal which has the effect of rerouting or usurping command of the line. While the US infrastructure proper may not contain widespread vulnerabilities to this type of attack, many companies are connected globally through call centers and business process outsourcing. These international systems may be operated in countries which have not upgraded Telco infrastructure and so are vulnerable to Blue boxing. Blue boxing is a result of failure on the part of the system to enforce strong authorization for administrative functions. While the infrastructure is different than standard current applications like web applications, there are historical lessons to be learned to upgrade the access control for administrative functions.
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CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry
SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-647: Collect Data from Registries
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization to gather system-specific data and sensitive information within a registry (e.g., Windows Registry, Mac plist). These contain information about the system configuration, software, operating system, and security. The adversary can leverage information gathered in order to carry out further attacks.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.