CWE-285
DiscouragedImproper Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
2307 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-9XWC-9MFX-FVVQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-15 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-20 19:00An issue was discovered in wolfSSL before 5.5.0. A fault injection attack on RAM via Rowhammer leads to ECDSA key disclosure. Users performing signing operations with private ECC keys, such as in server-side TLS connections, might leak faulty ECC signatures. These signatures can be processed via an advanced technique for ECDSA key recovery. (In 5.5.0 and later, WOLFSSL_CHECK_SIG_FAULTS can be used to address the vulnerability.)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-42961"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-15T04:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in wolfSSL before 5.5.0. A fault injection attack on RAM via Rowhammer leads to ECDSA key disclosure. Users performing signing operations with private ECC keys, such as in server-side TLS connections, might leak faulty ECC signatures. These signatures can be processed via an advanced technique for ECDSA key recovery. (In 5.5.0 and later, WOLFSSL_CHECK_SIG_FAULTS can be used to address the vulnerability.)",
"id": "GHSA-9xwc-9mfx-fvvq",
"modified": "2022-10-20T19:00:30Z",
"published": "2022-10-15T12:00:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42961"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfssl/releases/tag/v5.5.0-stable"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C24F-VC3H-HG7P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-27 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:55The vulnerability is the use of implicit PendingIntents without the PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE set that leads to theft and/or (over-)write of arbitrary files with system privilege in the Personalized service ("com.lge.abba") app. The attacker's app, if it had access to app notifications, could intercept them and redirect them to its activity, before making it grant access permissions to content providers with the android:grantUriPermissions="true" flag.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-44125"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-27T15:19:35Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The vulnerability is the use of implicit PendingIntents without the PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE set that leads to theft and/or (over-)write of arbitrary files with system privilege in the Personalized service (\"com.lge.abba\") app. The attacker\u0027s app, if it had access to app notifications, could intercept them and redirect them to its activity, before making it grant access permissions to content providers with the `android:grantUriPermissions=\"true\"` flag.",
"id": "GHSA-c24f-vc3h-hg7p",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:55:22Z",
"published": "2023-09-27T15:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-44125"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lgsecurity.lge.com/bulletins/mobile#updateDetails"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C39C-4H5F-9JHH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-08 12:30 – Updated: 2024-08-08 12:30Access permission verification vulnerability in the Notepad module Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect service confidentiality.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-42036"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269",
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-08T10:15:07Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Access permission verification vulnerability in the Notepad module\nImpact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect service confidentiality.",
"id": "GHSA-c39c-4h5f-9jhh",
"modified": "2024-08-08T12:30:34Z",
"published": "2024-08-08T12:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42036"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletin/2024/8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C3GW-QW4G-HX8G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-12 15:30 – Updated: 2026-06-12 18:31A vulnerability was identified in Groww Stock, Mutual Fund, Gold App up to 20260805 on Android. This affects an unknown part of the component WebView URL Handler. The manipulation leads to improper authorization in handler for custom url scheme. It is possible to launch the attack on the physical device. The complexity of an attack is rather high. It is indicated that the exploitability is difficult. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-12065"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-12T14:16:30Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was identified in Groww Stock, Mutual Fund, Gold App up to 20260805 on Android. This affects an unknown part of the component WebView URL Handler. The manipulation leads to improper authorization in handler for custom url scheme. It is possible to launch the attack on the physical device. The complexity of an attack is rather high. It is indicated that the exploitability is difficult. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-c3gw-qw4g-hx8g",
"modified": "2026-06-12T18:31:53Z",
"published": "2026-06-12T15:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-12065"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1r9t4AuG747PmRbgLmY2CztsX5PTjQL19"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/honestcorrupt/CVE-req-Groww-Android-Application-Unsafe-WebView-URL-Handling-Weak-Client-Side-App-Lock-Enforcement"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/honestcorrupt/Groww-Android-Application-Unsafe-WebView-URL-Handling-Weak-Client-Side-App-Lock-Enforcement.git"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-12065"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/822984"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/370560"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/370560/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-C3QP-2GGW-XJG7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-05 20:35 – Updated: 2026-06-05 20:35Impact
Two distinct authorization defects in the team settings allowed any authenticated panel user to take over the RBAC system:
Settings/Team/Indexhad nomount()authorization. Any authenticated user could load the page and use its public actions to create new roles and delete other users, including administrators.Settings/Team/RolePermissiongated its write actions on the read-onlyview_userspermission. Any user holdingview_userscould grant themselves or any other user arbitrary permissions, includingmanage_usersandedit_orders, effectively escalating to full panel administrator from a read-only account.
Combined, these two defects allow a low-privilege authenticated user to obtain administrator privileges and remove the legitimate administrators from the panel.
Patches
Fixed in v2.8.0:
Settings/Team/Index::mount()now authorizes againstmanage_users.Settings/Team/RolePermissionwrite actions now requiremanage_usersinstead ofview_users.
Upgrade via:
composer require shopper/admin:^2.8
Workarounds
None. Upgrade to v2.8.0.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "shopper/framework"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.8.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-47744"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269",
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-05T20:35:51Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-29T19:16:26Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "## Impact\n\nTwo distinct authorization defects in the team settings allowed any authenticated panel user to take over the RBAC system:\n\n- `Settings/Team/Index` had no `mount()` authorization. Any authenticated user could load the page and use its public actions to create new roles and delete other users, including administrators.\n- `Settings/Team/RolePermission` gated its write actions on the read-only `view_users` permission. Any user holding `view_users` could grant themselves or any other user arbitrary permissions, including `manage_users` and `edit_orders`, effectively escalating to full panel administrator from a read-only account.\n\nCombined, these two defects allow a low-privilege authenticated user to obtain administrator privileges and remove the legitimate administrators from the panel.\n\n## Patches\n\nFixed in `v2.8.0`:\n\n- `Settings/Team/Index::mount()` now authorizes against `manage_users`.\n- `Settings/Team/RolePermission` write actions now require `manage_users` instead of `view_users`.\n\nUpgrade via:\n\n```bash\ncomposer require shopper/admin:^2.8\n```\n\n## Workarounds\n\nNone. Upgrade to `v2.8.0`.",
"id": "GHSA-c3qp-2ggw-xjg7",
"modified": "2026-06-05T20:35:51Z",
"published": "2026-06-05T20:35:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper/security/advisories/GHSA-c3qp-2ggw-xjg7"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47744"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper/pull/511"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/shopperlabs/shopper"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Shopper: Authorization bypass and RBAC privilege escalation in team settings"
}
GHSA-C42P-MJMP-R2P3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-15 06:30 – Updated: 2025-11-15 06:30The Image Gallery – Photo Grid & Video Gallery plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file deletion due to insufficient file path validation in the ajax_import_file function in all versions up to, and including, 2.12.28. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with author-level access and above, to move arbitrary image files on the server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-12494"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-15T06:15:42Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Image Gallery \u2013 Photo Grid \u0026 Video Gallery plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file deletion due to insufficient file path validation in the ajax_import_file function in all versions up to, and including, 2.12.28. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with author-level access and above, to move arbitrary image files on the server.",
"id": "GHSA-c42p-mjmp-r2p3",
"modified": "2025-11-15T06:30:15Z",
"published": "2025-11-15T06:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12494"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/modula-best-grid-gallery/tags/2.12.26/includes/admin/class-modula-gallery-upload.php#L554"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/modula-best-grid-gallery/tags/2.12.26/includes/admin/class-modula-gallery-upload.php#L567"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/modula-best-grid-gallery/tags/2.12.26/includes/admin/class-modula-gallery-upload.php#L589"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/modula-best-grid-gallery/tags/2.12.26/includes/admin/class-modula-gallery-upload.php#L597"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3391790/modula-best-grid-gallery/trunk?contextall=1\u0026old=3390878\u0026old_path=%2Fmodula-best-grid-gallery%2Ftrunk"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://research.cleantalk.org/cve-2025-12494"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/ca423309-d8bd-46a4-9e88-9534d9c60b4a?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C46W-GR7F-JM2P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-13 09:30 – Updated: 2025-06-13 21:21Arbitrary event injection on Salt Master. The master's "_minion_event" method can be used by and authorized minion to send arbitrary events onto the master's event bus.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "salt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3006.0rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "3006.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "salt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3007.0rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "3007.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-22239"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-06-13T21:21:04Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-13T07:15:21Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Arbitrary event injection on Salt Master. The master\u0027s \"_minion_event\" method can be used by and authorized minion to send arbitrary events onto the master\u0027s event bus.",
"id": "GHSA-c46w-gr7f-jm2p",
"modified": "2025-06-13T21:21:04Z",
"published": "2025-06-13T09:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-22239"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt/commit/41d834bf800d86fc496e4fac2d3875fc2aca7c62"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.saltproject.io/en/3006/topics/releases/3006.12.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.saltproject.io/en/3007/topics/releases/3007.4.html"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Salt vulnerable to arbitrary event injection"
}
GHSA-C4Q5-6C82-3QPW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-28 09:30 – Updated: 2025-01-24 21:31Spring WebFlux applications that have Spring Security authorization rules on static resources can be bypassed under certain circumstances.
For this to impact an application, all of the following must be true:
- It must be a WebFlux application
- It must be using Spring's static resources support
- It must have a non-permitAll authorization rule applied to the static resources support
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework.security:spring-security-web"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.7.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework.security:spring-security-web"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.8.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.8.15"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework.security:spring-security-web"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.2.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework.security:spring-security-web"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.0.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework.security:spring-security-web"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.1.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework.security:spring-security-web"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.3.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-38821"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-10-28T15:19:32Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-28T07:15:07Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Spring WebFlux applications that have Spring Security authorization rules on static resources can be bypassed under certain circumstances.\n\nFor this to impact an application, all of the following must be true:\n\n * It must be a WebFlux application\n * It must be using Spring\u0027s static resources support\n * It must have a non-permitAll authorization rule applied to the static resources support",
"id": "GHSA-c4q5-6c82-3qpw",
"modified": "2025-01-24T21:31:27Z",
"published": "2024-10-28T09:30:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38821"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-security/commit/0e257b56ce35402558a260ffa6b368982f9a7934"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-security/commit/4ce7cde15599c0447163fd46bac616e03318bf5b"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-security"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250124-0006"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://spring.io/security/cve-2024-38821"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Spring Security vulnerable to Authorization Bypass of Static Resources in WebFlux Applications"
}
GHSA-C4X3-H9WG-9X78
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-10 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-11 00:00Improper Authorization vulnerability in setDualDARPolicyCmd prior to SMR Sep-2022 Release 1 allows local attackers to cause local permanent denial of service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-36848"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-09T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper Authorization vulnerability in setDualDARPolicyCmd prior to SMR Sep-2022 Release 1 allows local attackers to cause local permanent denial of service.",
"id": "GHSA-c4x3-h9wg-9x78",
"modified": "2022-09-11T00:00:29Z",
"published": "2022-09-10T00:00:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36848"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate.smsb?year=2022\u0026month=09"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C59H-89FR-559V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-19 06:30 – Updated: 2024-12-19 06:30The Download Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized download of password-protected content due to improper password validation on the checkFilePassword function in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.03. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to download password-protected files.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-11768"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-19T06:15:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Download Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized download of password-protected content due to improper password validation on the checkFilePassword function in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.03. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to download password-protected files.",
"id": "GHSA-c59h-89fr-559v",
"modified": "2024-12-19T06:30:43Z",
"published": "2024-12-19T06:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-11768"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/download-manager/trunk/src/__/Apply.php#L376"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/feb915f4-66d6-4f46-949c-5354e414319b?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that you perform access control checks related to your business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that you apply to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor.
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting
An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values
The adversary directly or indirectly modifies environment variables used by or controlling the target software. The adversary's goal is to cause the target software to deviate from its expected operation in a manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-39: Manipulating Opaque Client-based Data Tokens
In circumstances where an application holds important data client-side in tokens (cookies, URLs, data files, and so forth) that data can be manipulated. If client or server-side application components reinterpret that data as authentication tokens or data (such as store item pricing or wallet information) then even opaquely manipulating that data may bear fruit for an Attacker. In this pattern an attacker undermines the assumption that client side tokens have been adequately protected from tampering through use of encryption or obfuscation.
CAPEC-402: Bypassing ATA Password Security
An adversary exploits a weakness in ATA security on a drive to gain access to the information the drive contains without supplying the proper credentials. ATA Security is often employed to protect hard disk information from unauthorized access. The mechanism requires the user to type in a password before the BIOS is allowed access to drive contents. Some implementations of ATA security will accept the ATA command to update the password without the user having authenticated with the BIOS. This occurs because the security mechanism assumes the user has first authenticated via the BIOS prior to sending commands to the drive. Various methods exist for exploiting this flaw, the most common being installing the ATA protected drive into a system lacking ATA security features (a.k.a. hot swapping). Once the drive is installed into the new system the BIOS can be used to reset the drive password.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-5: Blue Boxing
This type of attack against older telephone switches and trunks has been around for decades. A tone is sent by an adversary to impersonate a supervisor signal which has the effect of rerouting or usurping command of the line. While the US infrastructure proper may not contain widespread vulnerabilities to this type of attack, many companies are connected globally through call centers and business process outsourcing. These international systems may be operated in countries which have not upgraded Telco infrastructure and so are vulnerable to Blue boxing. Blue boxing is a result of failure on the part of the system to enforce strong authorization for administrative functions. While the infrastructure is different than standard current applications like web applications, there are historical lessons to be learned to upgrade the access control for administrative functions.
{'xhtml:b': 'This attack pattern is included in CAPEC for historical purposes.'}
CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry
SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-647: Collect Data from Registries
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization to gather system-specific data and sensitive information within a registry (e.g., Windows Registry, Mac plist). These contain information about the system configuration, software, operating system, and security. The adversary can leverage information gathered in order to carry out further attacks.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.