CWE-285
DiscouragedImproper Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
2328 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2015-3954 (GCVE-0-2015-3954)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2019-03-25 16:12 – Updated: 2024-08-06 06:04- CWE-285 - Improper authorization CWE-285
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-15-161-01 | x_refsource_MISC |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hospira | Plum A+ Infusion System |
Affected:
<= 13.4
|
|
| Hospira | Plum A+3 Infusion System |
Affected:
<= 13.6
|
|
| Hospira | Symbiq Infusion System |
Affected:
<= 3.13
|
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CVE-2014-2349 (GCVE-0-2014-2349)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2014-05-22 20:00 – Updated: 2025-10-31 22:56| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/i… | |
| http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-14-133-02 | x_refsource_MISCx_transferred |
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GHSA-222X-R452-4688
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-08 09:31 – Updated: 2024-12-09 18:31Vulnerability of permission verification in some APIs in the ActivityTaskManagerService module. Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability will affect availability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
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],
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"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-08T09:15:08Z",
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"details": "Vulnerability of permission verification in some APIs in the ActivityTaskManagerService module.\nImpact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability will affect availability.",
"id": "GHSA-222x-r452-4688",
"modified": "2024-12-09T18:31:18Z",
"published": "2024-04-08T09:31:13Z",
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"url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletin/2024/3"
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"url": "https://https://device.harmonyos.com/en/docs/security/update/security-bulletins-202403-0000001667644725"
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}
GHSA-227R-JM2G-7CP4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-02 20:31 – Updated: 2026-07-02 20:31Summary
All Steeltoe actuator endpoints default to EndpointPermissions.Restricted, which is mapped to Cloud Foundry's read_basic_data permission (granted to Space Auditors and similar low-trust roles). Sensitive actuators including heap dump, environment, and thread dump do not raise this to EndpointPermissions.Full, so CF's read_sensitive_data permission flag is not enforced for those endpoints. Spring Boot's equivalent Cloud Foundry integration gates these endpoints with read_sensitive_data by default.
Impact
Any CF user holding Space Auditor, Space Manager, or Org Auditor role can access the heap dump, environment, and thread dump actuators for any Steeltoe application in their space. A heap dump contains all in-memory data including database passwords, bearer tokens, and VCAP_SERVICES credentials. CF's read_sensitive_data permission, which is specifically designed to gate this access, has no effect.
Affected configuration
- Application is deployed on Cloud Foundry with CF actuator and security middleware active (added automatically by
AddAllActuators()when a CF environment is detected). - The attacker holds a CF role that grants
read_basic_data: Space Auditor, Space Manager, or Org Auditor.
Mitigations
If an immediate upgrade is not possible:
- Explicitly set
RequiredPermissions = EndpointPermissions.Fullin the options forHeapDumpEndpointOptions,EnvironmentEndpointOptions, andThreadDumpEndpointOptions. - If heap dump, thread dump, or environment are not needed in production, register only the required actuators individually instead of using
AddAllActuators().
{
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"modified": "2026-07-02T20:31:26Z",
"published": "2026-07-02T20:31:26Z",
"references": [
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"summary": "Steeltoe\u0027s sensitive actuators (heapdump/env) only require Restricted permission"
}
GHSA-22MX-QH6H-FCV2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-16 21:30 – Updated: 2023-03-22 21:30The listed versions of AVEVA Plant SCADA and AVEVA Telemetry Server are vulnerable to an improper authorization exploit which could allow an unauthenticated user to remotely read data, cause denial of service, and tamper with alarm states.
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"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-16T19:15:00Z",
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"id": "GHSA-22mx-qh6h-fcv2",
"modified": "2023-03-22T21:30:17Z",
"published": "2023-03-16T21:30:17Z",
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"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1256"
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"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-23-073-04"
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GHSA-2364-QG82-XG35
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:04 – Updated: 2022-07-26 00:01An improper authorization flaw was discovered in openstack-selinux's applied policy where it does not prevent a non-root user in a container from privilege escalation. A non-root attacker in one or more Red Hat OpenStack (RHOSP) containers could send messages to the dbus. With access to the dbus, the attacker could start or stop services, possibly causing a denial of service. Versions before openstack-selinux 0.8.24 are affected.
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"id": "GHSA-2364-qg82-xg35",
"modified": "2022-07-26T00:01:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:04:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-1690"
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"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1789640"
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}
GHSA-24FR-XCQ3-RQJR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-20 00:00 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:31The SiteGround Security plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to authentication bypass that allows unauthenticated users to log in as administrative users due to missing identity verification on the 2FA back-up code implementation that logs users in upon success. This affects versions up to, and including, 1.2.5.
{
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"CWE-287",
"CWE-306"
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"id": "GHSA-24fr-xcq3-rqjr",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:31:57Z",
"published": "2022-04-20T00:00:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0993"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2706302"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/blog/2022/04/critical-authentication-bypass-vulnerability-patched-in-siteground-security-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/blog/2022/04/critical-authentication-bypass-vulnerability-patched-in-siteground-security-plugin/https://www.wordfence.com/blog/2022/04/critical-authentication-bypass-vulnerability-patched-in-siteground-security-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/8e3a5566-eee5-4f71-9c93-e59abf913d04?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-25HR-JMPC-2W97
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-22 00:31 – Updated: 2024-03-22 00:31Privileges are not fully verified server-side, which can be abused by a user with limited privileges to bypass authorization and access privileged functionality.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-28029"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-602"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-21T22:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "\nPrivileges are not fully verified server-side, which can be abused by a user with limited privileges to bypass authorization and access privileged functionality.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-25hr-jmpc-2w97",
"modified": "2024-03-22T00:31:14Z",
"published": "2024-03-22T00:31:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28029"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-24-074-12"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-25JM-89CM-8Q44
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-22 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-30 00:00The Logo Carousel WordPress plugin before 3.4.2 allows users with a role as low as Contributor to duplicate and view arbitrary private posts made by other users via the Carousel Duplication feature
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-24739"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-21T09:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Logo Carousel WordPress plugin before 3.4.2 allows users with a role as low as Contributor to duplicate and view arbitrary private posts made by other users via the Carousel Duplication feature",
"id": "GHSA-25jm-89cm-8q44",
"modified": "2022-07-30T00:00:40Z",
"published": "2021-12-22T00:00:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-24739"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/2afadc76-93ad-47e1-a224-e442ac41cbce"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-25W4-HFQG-4R52
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-25 18:30 – Updated: 2024-08-02 15:45A flaw was found in Quarkus. When a Quarkus RestEasy Classic or Reactive JAX-RS endpoint has its methods declared in the abstract Java class or customized by Quarkus extensions using the annotation processor, the authorization of these methods will not be enforced if it is enabled by either 'quarkus.security.jaxrs.deny-unannotated-endpoints' or 'quarkus.security.jaxrs.default-roles-allowed' properties.
While backports of this fix exist in versions 3.6.9 and 3.7.1 users of older versions are encouraged to update to the 3.8.x LTS branch.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.quarkus:quarkus-resteasy-reactive-common-deployment"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.2.10.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.quarkus:quarkus-resteasy-reactive-common"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.2.10.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.quarkus:quarkus-resteasy-reactive-common-deployment"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.6.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.quarkus:quarkus-resteasy-reactive-common"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.3.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.6.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.quarkus:quarkus-resteasy-reactive-common-deployment"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.7.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.7.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.quarkus:quarkus-resteasy-reactive-common"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.7.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.7.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-5675"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-285",
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-25T19:54:40Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-25T16:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in Quarkus. When a Quarkus RestEasy Classic or Reactive JAX-RS endpoint has its methods declared in the abstract Java class or customized by Quarkus extensions using the annotation processor, the authorization of these methods will not be enforced if it is enabled by either \u0027quarkus.security.jaxrs.deny-unannotated-endpoints\u0027 or \u0027quarkus.security.jaxrs.default-roles-allowed\u0027 properties.\n\nWhile backports of this fix exist in versions 3.6.9 and 3.7.1 users of older versions are encouraged to update to the 3.8.x LTS branch.",
"id": "GHSA-25w4-hfqg-4r52",
"modified": "2024-08-02T15:45:01Z",
"published": "2024-04-25T18:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5675"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus/commit/b7dd69a3012a872f2846d73072ff232e07da74dd"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus/commit/bf2ef6c504b989f74ceb5947d823b6ab208f8b6e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus/commit/c026b1cf6f2e07cc50b65c824d922319248d9341"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus/commit/d802748128cd1932279b7c334f3792d481814ef5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:0494"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:0495"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-5675"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2245197"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Quarkus: authorization flaw in quarkus resteasy reactive and classic"
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that you perform access control checks related to your business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that you apply to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor.
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting
An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values
The adversary directly or indirectly modifies environment variables used by or controlling the target software. The adversary's goal is to cause the target software to deviate from its expected operation in a manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-39: Manipulating Opaque Client-based Data Tokens
In circumstances where an application holds important data client-side in tokens (cookies, URLs, data files, and so forth) that data can be manipulated. If client or server-side application components reinterpret that data as authentication tokens or data (such as store item pricing or wallet information) then even opaquely manipulating that data may bear fruit for an Attacker. In this pattern an attacker undermines the assumption that client side tokens have been adequately protected from tampering through use of encryption or obfuscation.
CAPEC-402: Bypassing ATA Password Security
An adversary exploits a weakness in ATA security on a drive to gain access to the information the drive contains without supplying the proper credentials. ATA Security is often employed to protect hard disk information from unauthorized access. The mechanism requires the user to type in a password before the BIOS is allowed access to drive contents. Some implementations of ATA security will accept the ATA command to update the password without the user having authenticated with the BIOS. This occurs because the security mechanism assumes the user has first authenticated via the BIOS prior to sending commands to the drive. Various methods exist for exploiting this flaw, the most common being installing the ATA protected drive into a system lacking ATA security features (a.k.a. hot swapping). Once the drive is installed into the new system the BIOS can be used to reset the drive password.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-5: Blue Boxing
This type of attack against older telephone switches and trunks has been around for decades. A tone is sent by an adversary to impersonate a supervisor signal which has the effect of rerouting or usurping command of the line. While the US infrastructure proper may not contain widespread vulnerabilities to this type of attack, many companies are connected globally through call centers and business process outsourcing. These international systems may be operated in countries which have not upgraded Telco infrastructure and so are vulnerable to Blue boxing. Blue boxing is a result of failure on the part of the system to enforce strong authorization for administrative functions. While the infrastructure is different than standard current applications like web applications, there are historical lessons to be learned to upgrade the access control for administrative functions.
{'xhtml:b': 'This attack pattern is included in CAPEC for historical purposes.'}
CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry
SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-647: Collect Data from Registries
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization to gather system-specific data and sensitive information within a registry (e.g., Windows Registry, Mac plist). These contain information about the system configuration, software, operating system, and security. The adversary can leverage information gathered in order to carry out further attacks.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.