CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
7790 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-XX4R-V983-P5JQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:06 – Updated: 2025-04-12 12:58The HTTP server in Trend Micro Password Manager allows remote web servers to execute arbitrary commands via the url parameter to (1) api/openUrlInDefaultBrowser or (2) api/showSB.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-3987"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-04-12T02:00:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The HTTP server in Trend Micro Password Manager allows remote web servers to execute arbitrary commands via the url parameter to (1) api/openUrlInDefaultBrowser or (2) api/showSB.",
"id": "GHSA-xx4r-v983-p5jq",
"modified": "2025-04-12T12:58:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:06:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-3987"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://code.google.com/p/google-security-research/issues/detail?id=693"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39218"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://blog.trendmicro.com/information-on-reported-vulnerabilities-in-trend-micro-password-manager"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/135222/TrendMicro-Node.js-HTTP-Server-Command-Execution.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1034662"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XX8C-M748-XR4J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-15 01:57 – Updated: 2023-10-02 11:33The API server in Kubernetes does not properly check admission control, which allows remote authenticated users to access additional resources via a crafted patched object.
Specific Go Packages Affected
github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pkg/apiserver
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.2.0-alpha.5"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.2.0-alpha.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-1905"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-07T20:51:03Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2016-02-03T18:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The API server in Kubernetes does not properly check admission control, which allows remote authenticated users to access additional resources via a crafted patched object.\n\n### Specific Go Packages Affected\ngithub.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pkg/apiserver",
"id": "GHSA-xx8c-m748-xr4j",
"modified": "2023-10-02T11:33:50Z",
"published": "2022-02-15T01:57:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-1905"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/19479"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/commit/9e6912384a5bc714f2a780b870944a8cee264a22"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016:0070"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016:0351"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2016-1905"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1297910"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Access Restriction Bypass in kubernetes"
}
GHSA-XX92-XFRF-9XP3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-21 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-21 21:31Vulnerability in the Oracle Business Process Management Suite product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Human workflow 11g+). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Business Process Management Suite. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in Oracle Business Process Management Suite, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Business Process Management Suite accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Business Process Management Suite accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-34284"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-21T21:16:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Business Process Management Suite product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Human workflow 11g+). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Business Process Management Suite. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in Oracle Business Process Management Suite, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Business Process Management Suite accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Business Process Management Suite accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-xx92-xfrf-9xp3",
"modified": "2026-04-21T21:31:26Z",
"published": "2026-04-21T21:31:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34284"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XX96-P4QH-F9MR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:00 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:00The queue manager on IBM MQ M2000 appliances before 8.0.0.4 allows local users to bypass an intended password requirement and read private keys by leveraging the existence of a stash file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-1985"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-01-03T00:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The queue manager on IBM MQ M2000 appliances before 8.0.0.4 allows local users to bypass an intended password requirement and read private keys by leveraging the existence of a stash file.",
"id": "GHSA-xx96-p4qh-f9mr",
"modified": "2022-05-17T04:00:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:00:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-1985"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21971445"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XXH7-J8V2-G57F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-11 21:31 – Updated: 2026-05-12 15:31This issue was addressed with improved checks to prevent unauthorized actions. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.5 and iPadOS 26.5, macOS Sequoia 15.7.7, macOS Tahoe 26.5, tvOS 26.5, visionOS 26.5, watchOS 26.5. An app may be able to cause a denial-of-service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-28974"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-11T21:18:58Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This issue was addressed with improved checks to prevent unauthorized actions. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.5 and iPadOS 26.5, macOS Sequoia 15.7.7, macOS Tahoe 26.5, tvOS 26.5, visionOS 26.5, watchOS 26.5. An app may be able to cause a denial-of-service.",
"id": "GHSA-xxh7-j8v2-g57f",
"modified": "2026-05-12T15:31:34Z",
"published": "2026-05-11T21:31:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28974"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/127110"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/127115"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/127116"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/127118"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/127119"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/127120"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XXJ7-H37P-P48C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-10 09:31 – Updated: 2026-07-10 21:32Incorrect Authorization, Improper Access Control vulnerability in Apache IoTDB. Authorization bypass in /rest/v2/fastLastQuery exposes last-value data to unauthorized authenticated users.
This issue affects Apache IoTDB: from 1.3.5 before 1.3.8, from 2.0.5 before 2.0.10.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.0.10, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-40452"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-10T08:16:22Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Incorrect Authorization, Improper Access Control vulnerability in Apache IoTDB.\nAuthorization bypass in /rest/v2/fastLastQuery exposes last-value data to unauthorized authenticated users.\n\n\nThis issue affects Apache IoTDB: from 1.3.5 before 1.3.8, from 2.0.5 before 2.0.10.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 2.0.10, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-xxj7-h37p-p48c",
"modified": "2026-07-10T21:32:28Z",
"published": "2026-07-10T09:31:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40452"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/04j2l6dosyboor4o2gvrzbrcrpllmh95"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/07/10/7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XXM7-22WP-69JX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:29 – Updated: 2025-04-12 13:03The cert_revoke command in FreeIPA does not check for the "revoke certificate" permission, which allows remote authenticated users to revoke arbitrary certificates by leveraging the "retrieve certificate" permission.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-5404"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-09-07T20:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The cert_revoke command in FreeIPA does not check for the \"revoke certificate\" permission, which allows remote authenticated users to revoke arbitrary certificates by leveraging the \"retrieve certificate\" permission.",
"id": "GHSA-xxm7-22wp-69jx",
"modified": "2025-04-12T13:03:53Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:29:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-5404"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016:1797"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2016-5404"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1351593"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/6232"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.fedorahosted.org/cgit/freeipa.git/commit/?id=cf74584d0f772f3f5eccc1d30c001e4212a104fd"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3PZ2ZQTMGC2UBRNHXVVOY3PJDOBP4CP4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/S5OROLKFSY5QRQS7NGBNDP5QMOBV3XMZ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VQDYWANTMDFZP3HTGSEOA2IONVUITYX5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3PZ2ZQTMGC2UBRNHXVVOY3PJDOBP4CP4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/S5OROLKFSY5QRQS7NGBNDP5QMOBV3XMZ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VQDYWANTMDFZP3HTGSEOA2IONVUITYX5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-1797.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/08/17/9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/linuxbulletinjul2016-3090544.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/92525"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XXW9-CHFJ-MP3C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-11 09:30 – Updated: 2024-07-11 09:30An issue was discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 16.5 prior to 16.11.6, starting from 17.0 prior to 17.0.4, and starting from 17.1 prior to 17.1.2 in which a user with admin_group_member custom role permission could ban group members.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-2880"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-11T07:15:02Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 16.5 prior to 16.11.6, starting from 17.0 prior to 17.0.4, and starting from 17.1 prior to 17.1.2 in which a user with `admin_group_member` custom role permission could ban group members.",
"id": "GHSA-xxw9-chfj-mp3c",
"modified": "2024-07-11T09:30:57Z",
"published": "2024-07-11T09:30:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2880"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/2431597"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/451921"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XXWR-WV9G-7JW3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-21 17:19 – Updated: 2025-05-21 19:05Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) in the femanager TYPO3 extension allows attackers to view frontend user data via a user parameter in the newAction of the newController.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "in2code/femanager"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "in2code/femanager"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "in2code/femanager"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.4.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "in2code/femanager"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.5.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-48202"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-425",
"CWE-639"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-21T17:19:30Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-21T16:15:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) in the femanager TYPO3 extension allows attackers to view frontend user data via a user parameter in the newAction of the newController.",
"id": "GHSA-xxwr-wv9g-7jw3",
"modified": "2025-05-21T19:05:14Z",
"published": "2025-05-21T17:19:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48202"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/in2code-de/femanager/commit/54851f8f60254bd8060bdf7bc16d56f4de7bd828"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/in2code/femanager/CVE-2025-48202.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/in2code-de/femanager"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://typo3.org/security/advisory/typo3-ext-sa-2025-006"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:F/RL:O/RC:C",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "The femanager TYPO3 extension allows Insecure Direct Object Reference"
}
GHSA-XXXC-P928-96MQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-11 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-11 18:30Improper access control for some Intel(R) CIP software before version WIN_DCA_2.4.0.11001 within Ring 3: User Applications may allow an information disclosure. Unprivileged software adversary with a privileged user combined with a high complexity attack may enable data exposure. This result may potentially occur via network access when attack requirements are present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (low), integrity (none) and availability (none) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-24314"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-11T17:15:41Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Improper access control for some Intel(R) CIP software before version WIN_DCA_2.4.0.11001 within Ring 3: User Applications may allow an information disclosure. Unprivileged software adversary with a privileged user combined with a high complexity attack may enable data exposure. This result may potentially occur via network access when attack requirements are present without special internal knowledge and requires no user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (low), integrity (none) and availability (none) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.",
"id": "GHSA-xxxc-p928-96mq",
"modified": "2025-11-11T18:30:18Z",
"published": "2025-11-11T18:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24314"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01328.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.