CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
8593 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-6FW7-3Q8R-M5VJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-14 14:52 – Updated: 2026-06-09 13:09Summary
A Mass Assignment vulnerability exists in the variable update endpoint of FlowiseAI.
The endpoint allows authenticated users to modify server-controlled properties such as workspaceId, createdDate, and updatedDate when updating a variable resource.
Due to missing server-side validation and authorization checks, an attacker can manipulate the workspaceId field and reassign variables to arbitrary workspaces.
This behavior may break tenant isolation in multi-workspace environments.
Details
The endpoint responsible for updating variables:
PUT /api/v1/variables/{variableId}
accepts a JSON request body containing the variable definition.
However, the backend does not restrict which attributes can be modified by the client. As a result, user-controlled request bodies can include internal properties that should normally be controlled exclusively by the server.
Server-controlled fields that can be manipulated include:
- workspaceId
- createdDate
- updatedDate
These fields appear to be directly mapped to the database entity without strict input validation or authorization checks.
For example, the following request body was accepted by the server:
{
"name": "aaa",
"value": "bbbe",
"type": "static",
"createdDate": "2016-03-06T17:59:30.000Z",
"updatedDate": "2016-03-06T18:00:17.000Z",
"workspaceId": "11111111-2222-3333-4444-555555555555"
}
The server accepted the attacker-controlled workspaceId and metadata fields and persisted them.
PoC
Request
PUT /api/v1/variables/<VARIABLE_ID>
Content-Type: application/json
{
"name": "aaa",
"value": "bbbe",
"type": "static",
"createdDate": "2016-03-06T17:59:30.000Z",
"updatedDate": "2016-03-06T18:00:17.000Z",
"workspaceId": "11111111-2222-3333-4444-555555555555"
}
Response
{
"id": "0a2b9f61-4a97-4ff8-b80d-00275ed18674",
"name": "aaa",
"value": "bbbe",
"type": "static",
"createdDate": "2016-03-06T17:59:30.000Z",
"updatedDate": "2026-03-06T18:05:17.000Z",
"workspaceId": "11111111-2222-3333-4444-555555555555"
}
This confirms that the backend accepts and persists attacker-controlled internal properties.
Impact
This vulnerability allows authenticated users to manipulate internal attributes of variable resources.
Possible impacts include:
- Cross-workspace reassignment of variables (workspaceId)
- Unauthorized modification of metadata (createdDate, updatedDate)
- Potential tenant isolation bypass in multi-workspace deployments
In multi-tenant environments, this may allow an attacker to move variables between workspaces without authorization.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.1.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "flowise"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42861"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-639",
"CWE-915"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-14T14:52:24Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-08T16:16:39Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nA Mass Assignment vulnerability exists in the variable update endpoint of FlowiseAI.\n\nThe endpoint allows authenticated users to modify server-controlled properties such as workspaceId, createdDate, and updatedDate when updating a variable resource.\n\nDue to missing server-side validation and authorization checks, an attacker can manipulate the workspaceId field and reassign variables to arbitrary workspaces.\n\nThis behavior may break tenant isolation in multi-workspace environments.\n\n### Details\nThe endpoint responsible for updating variables:\n\n**PUT /api/v1/variables/{variableId}**\n\naccepts a JSON request body containing the variable definition.\n\nHowever, the backend does not restrict which attributes can be modified by the client. As a result, user-controlled request bodies can include internal properties that should normally be controlled exclusively by the server.\n\nServer-controlled fields that can be manipulated include:\n\n- workspaceId\n- createdDate\n- updatedDate\n\nThese fields appear to be directly mapped to the database entity without strict input validation or authorization checks.\n\nFor example, the following request body was accepted by the server:\n\n```json\n{\n \"name\": \"aaa\",\n \"value\": \"bbbe\",\n \"type\": \"static\",\n \"createdDate\": \"2016-03-06T17:59:30.000Z\",\n \"updatedDate\": \"2016-03-06T18:00:17.000Z\",\n \"workspaceId\": \"11111111-2222-3333-4444-555555555555\"\n}\n```\n\nThe server accepted the attacker-controlled workspaceId and metadata fields and persisted them.\n\n### PoC\n**Request**\n\n```http\nPUT /api/v1/variables/\u003cVARIABLE_ID\u003e\nContent-Type: application/json\n\n{\n \"name\": \"aaa\",\n \"value\": \"bbbe\",\n \"type\": \"static\",\n \"createdDate\": \"2016-03-06T17:59:30.000Z\",\n \"updatedDate\": \"2016-03-06T18:00:17.000Z\",\n \"workspaceId\": \"11111111-2222-3333-4444-555555555555\"\n}\n```\n\n**Response**\n\n```json\n{\n \"id\": \"0a2b9f61-4a97-4ff8-b80d-00275ed18674\",\n \"name\": \"aaa\",\n \"value\": \"bbbe\",\n \"type\": \"static\",\n \"createdDate\": \"2016-03-06T17:59:30.000Z\",\n \"updatedDate\": \"2026-03-06T18:05:17.000Z\",\n \"workspaceId\": \"11111111-2222-3333-4444-555555555555\"\n}\n```\n\nThis confirms that the backend accepts and persists attacker-controlled internal properties.\n\n### Impact\nThis vulnerability allows authenticated users to manipulate internal attributes of variable resources.\n\nPossible impacts include:\n\n1. Cross-workspace reassignment of variables (workspaceId)\n2. Unauthorized modification of metadata (createdDate, updatedDate)\n3. Potential tenant isolation bypass in multi-workspace deployments\n\nIn multi-tenant environments, this may allow an attacker to move variables between workspaces without authorization.",
"id": "GHSA-6fw7-3q8r-m5vj",
"modified": "2026-06-09T13:09:53Z",
"published": "2026-05-14T14:52:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/security/advisories/GHSA-6fw7-3q8r-m5vj"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42861"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/releases/tag/flowise%403.1.2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "FlowiseAI has Mass Assignment in Variable Update Endpoint that Allows Cross-Workspace Resource Reassignment"
}
GHSA-6FW7-FW9H-PQ3Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-22 18:31 – Updated: 2025-08-22 21:31An Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in Reolink Smart 2K+ Plug-in Wi-Fi Video Doorbell with Chime - firmware v3.0.0.4662_2503122283 allows unauthorized attackers to access the Admin-only settings and edit the session storage.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-55626"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-22T17:15:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in Reolink Smart 2K+ Plug-in Wi-Fi Video Doorbell with Chime - firmware v3.0.0.4662_2503122283 allows unauthorized attackers to access the Admin-only settings and edit the session storage.",
"id": "GHSA-6fw7-fw9h-pq3q",
"modified": "2025-08-22T21:31:15Z",
"published": "2025-08-22T18:31:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55626"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://relieved-knuckle-264.notion.site/Access-the-Administrator-Settings-page-with-IDOR-23c43700364280c3a8fccc2bbdcda78c?source=copy_link"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6FWX-J832-VVW6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-20 12:32 – Updated: 2025-03-20 12:32GPT Academy version 3.83 in the binary-husky/gpt_academic repository is vulnerable to Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH). This vulnerability allows an attacker to hijack an existing WebSocket connection between the victim's browser and the server, enabling unauthorized actions such as deleting conversation history without the victim's consent. The issue arises due to insufficient WebSocket authentication and lack of origin validation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-10956"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-20T10:15:22Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "GPT Academy version 3.83 in the binary-husky/gpt_academic repository is vulnerable to Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH). This vulnerability allows an attacker to hijack an existing WebSocket connection between the victim\u0027s browser and the server, enabling unauthorized actions such as deleting conversation history without the victim\u0027s consent. The issue arises due to insufficient WebSocket authentication and lack of origin validation.",
"id": "GHSA-6fwx-j832-vvw6",
"modified": "2025-03-20T12:32:41Z",
"published": "2025-03-20T12:32:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-10956"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/0f8403ad-5f60-4eb9-9f51-8fbd2e41eda4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6FX9-29X2-FMFJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-28 15:30 – Updated: 2023-01-10 15:44Improper Access Control in GitHub repository usememos/memos 0.9.0 and prior.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.9.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/usememos/memos"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.9.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-4814"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-30T22:12:23Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-28T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper Access Control in GitHub repository usememos/memos 0.9.0 and prior.",
"id": "GHSA-6fx9-29x2-fmfj",
"modified": "2023-01-10T15:44:37Z",
"published": "2022-12-28T15:30:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-4814"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/usememos/memos/commit/3556ae4e651d9443dc3bb8a170dd3cc726517a53"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/usememos/memos"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/e65b3458-c2e2-4c0b-9029-e3c9ee015ae4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "usememos/memos Improper Access Control vulnerability"
}
GHSA-6G28-V6JR-4F5J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:00 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:00Vulnerability in the Oracle FLEXCUBE Investor Servicing component of Oracle Financial Services Applications (subcomponent: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.0.1, 12.0.2,12.0.4,12.1.0 and 12.3.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle FLEXCUBE Investor Servicing. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle FLEXCUBE Investor Servicing accessible data. CVSS v3.0 Base Score 4.3 (Confidentiality impacts).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-8309"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-01-27T22:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle FLEXCUBE Investor Servicing component of Oracle Financial Services Applications (subcomponent: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.0.1, 12.0.2,12.0.4,12.1.0 and 12.3.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle FLEXCUBE Investor Servicing. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle FLEXCUBE Investor Servicing accessible data. CVSS v3.0 Base Score 4.3 (Confidentiality impacts).",
"id": "GHSA-6g28-v6jr-4f5j",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:00:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:00:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-8309"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujan2017-2881727.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95518"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037636"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6G5F-975P-FF7R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-09 18:30 – Updated: 2024-07-09 18:30Windows File Explorer Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-38100"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-09T17:15:46Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Windows File Explorer Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-6g5f-975p-ff7r",
"modified": "2024-07-09T18:30:52Z",
"published": "2024-07-09T18:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38100"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-38100"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6G5F-F5PM-MJRG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-15 01:57 – Updated: 2023-09-14 19:31Istio 1.1.x through 1.1.6 has Incorrect Access Control. When disablePolicyChecks is set to false, inbound TCP connections do not generate Check requests to istio-policy and external authorization is not applied.
This behavior is a result of a change to istio/pilot/pkg/networking/plugin/mixer/mixer.go in 1.1.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "istio.io/istio"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.1.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-12243"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-17T15:53:48Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Istio 1.1.x through 1.1.6 has Incorrect Access Control. When `disablePolicyChecks` is set to `false`, inbound TCP connections do not generate Check requests to istio-policy and external authorization is not applied.\n\nThis behavior is a result of a change to `istio/pilot/pkg/networking/plugin/mixer/mixer.go` in 1.1.\n",
"id": "GHSA-6g5f-f5pm-mjrg",
"modified": "2023-09-14T19:31:06Z",
"published": "2022-02-15T01:57:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-12243"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/istio/istio/issues/13868"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/istio/istio/pull/13893/commits/91faba277439dab798185730d1624bd53e37bb06"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://istio.io/blog/2019/cve-2019-12243"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N/E:H/RL:O/RC:C",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Istio may not check inbound TCP connections against istio-policy"
}
GHSA-6G5M-4924-79VH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:08 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:08Mozilla Firefox before 47.0 and Firefox ESR 45.x before 45.2 allow remote attackers to spoof the address bar via a SELECT element with a persistent menu.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-2822"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-06-13T10:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Mozilla Firefox before 47.0 and Firefox ESR 45.x before 45.2 allow remote attackers to spoof the address bar via a SELECT element with a persistent menu.",
"id": "GHSA-6g5m-4924-79vh",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:08:32Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:08:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-2822"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016:1217"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1273129"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-06/msg00014.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-06/msg00016.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2016-06/msg00055.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2016/dsa-3600"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mozilla.org/security/announce/2016/mfsa2016-52.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/linuxbulletinapr2016-2952096.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91075"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036057"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2993-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6G73-HR73-WJQJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-23 18:31 – Updated: 2026-06-23 18:31A missing access control check when linking banners or campaigns to a zone through the zone-include.php script of Revive Adserver 6.0.6 and earlier, or via its API allows a low‑privileged user could link their zones to banners or campaigns owned by other managers on the same instance, resulting in inconsistent ownership relationships. Ownership validation has been added to ensure that banners and campaigns can only be linked to zones managed by the same account.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-34912"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-23T17:16:53Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A missing access control check when linking banners or campaigns to a zone through the zone-include.php script of Revive Adserver 6.0.6 and earlier, or via its API allows a low\u2011privileged user could link their zones to banners or campaigns owned by other managers on the same instance, resulting in inconsistent ownership relationships. Ownership validation has been added to ensure that banners and campaigns can only be linked to zones managed by the same account.",
"id": "GHSA-6g73-hr73-wjqj",
"modified": "2026-06-23T18:31:41Z",
"published": "2026-06-23T18:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34912"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/3650504"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6G7R-7864-FR8W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-23 12:32 – Updated: 2026-07-24 21:32The editor popup could expose restricted module data to authenticated users without the required module permissions or valid request tokens.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-65757"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-23T10:16:53Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The editor popup could expose restricted module data to authenticated users without the required module permissions or valid request tokens.",
"id": "GHSA-6g7r-7864-fr8w",
"modified": "2026-07-24T21:32:21Z",
"published": "2026-07-23T12:32:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-65757"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://regularlabs.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.