CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
8370 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2QPP-8M4H-3VG9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:54 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:54The Auto-Scaling agent in Liberty for Java in IBM Bluemix before 2.7-20160321-1358 allows remote authenticated users to disable X.509 certificate validation, and consequently bypass an intended HTTPS trust-management feature, via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-0323"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-05-17T14:08:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Auto-Scaling agent in Liberty for Java in IBM Bluemix before 2.7-20160321-1358 allows remote authenticated users to disable X.509 certificate validation, and consequently bypass an intended HTTPS trust-management feature, via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-2qpp-8m4h-3vg9",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:54:54Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:54:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-0323"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21979682"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2QQ2-3MQ9-PFMJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:56 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:56The dbclient in Dropbear SSH before 2016.74 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted (1) -m or (2) -c argument.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-7408"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-03-03T16:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The dbclient in Dropbear SSH before 2016.74 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted (1) -m or (2) -c argument.",
"id": "GHSA-2qq2-3mq9-pfmj",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:56:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:56:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-7408"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1376353"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://secure.ucc.asn.au/hg/dropbear/rev/eed9376a4ad6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201702-23"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2016/09/15/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/92970"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2QRX-MPVP-J33P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-30 21:30 – Updated: 2023-04-06 21:30Red Gate SQL Monitor 11.0.14 through 12.1.46 has Incorrect Access Control, exploitable remotely for Escalation of Privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-47542"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-30T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Red Gate SQL Monitor 11.0.14 through 12.1.46 has Incorrect Access Control, exploitable remotely for Escalation of Privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-2qrx-mpvp-j33p",
"modified": "2023-04-06T21:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-03-30T21:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-47542"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://red-gate.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.red-gate.com/privacy-and-security/vulnerabilities/2023-01-31-sql-monitor"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2R4X-QMJJ-X52W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-14 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-14 18:30Improper access control in Visual Studio allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-55240"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-14T17:15:44Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper access control in Visual Studio allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-2r4x-qmjj-x52w",
"modified": "2025-10-14T18:30:30Z",
"published": "2025-10-14T18:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55240"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-55240"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2R69-43CG-W872
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-05 21:30 – Updated: 2026-03-06 12:30Missing authentication and authorization in the web API of Tata Consultancy Services Cognix Recon Client v3.0 allows remote attackers to access application functionality without restriction via the network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-26418"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-05T19:16:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing authentication and authorization in the web API of Tata Consultancy Services Cognix Recon Client v3.0 allows remote attackers to access application functionality without restriction via the network.",
"id": "GHSA-2r69-43cg-w872",
"modified": "2026-03-06T12:30:30Z",
"published": "2026-03-05T21:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-26418"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/aksalsalimi/CVE-2026-26418"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/aksalsalimi/cognix-recon-client-security-advisories"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tcs.com/what-we-do/services/cognitive-business-operations/solution/cognix-platform-business-agility-enhanced-cx"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2R75-CXRJ-CMPH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-05 15:47 – Updated: 2026-07-08 17:35Summary
In wasmtime-wasi, when a filesystem preopen is given DirPerms::all() and FilePerms::READ without FilePerms::WRITE, this wasmtime-wasi enforced access control mechanism can be bypassed by using the wasip2 descriptor.open-at or wasip1 path_open interfaces by opening a file with OpenFlags::TRUNCATE oflag only, for example:
dir_descriptor.open_at(
PathFlags::empty(),
FILENAME,
OpenFlags::TRUNCATE,
DescriptorFlags::READ,
)
wasip1::path_open(
dir_fd,
0,
FILENAME,
wasip1::OFLAGS_TRUNC,
wasip1::RIGHTS_FD_READ,
0,
0
)
The root cause is that the clause that considered OpenFlags::TRUNCATE did not set open_mode |= OpenMode::WRITE;, used later in that function for the access control check against FilePerms for whether opening that file is permitted. With the bug corrected, these calls to open-at and path_open fail with error-code.not-permitted and ERRNO_PERM respectively.
The bug in crates/wasi/src/filesystem.rs, Dir::open_at, lines 967–969:
if oflags.contains(OpenFlags::TRUNCATE) {
opts.truncate(true).write(true);
}
and the single line fix is:
if oflags.contains(OpenFlags::TRUNCATE) {
opts.truncate(true).write(true);
open_mode |= OpenMode::WRITE;
}
Only wasmtime-wasi embeddings that use a combination of DirPerms::MUTATE with FilePerms::READ are affected by this bug, e.g. those that use in the WasiCtxBuilder:
builder.preopened_dir("readonly", "readonly", DirPerms::READ | DirPerms::MUTATE, FilePerms::READ);
In particular, the Wasmtime project's wasmtime-cli's use of wasmtime-wasi is not affected, because it always sets FilePerms::all() for all preopens.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "wasmtime-wasi"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "37.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "44.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "wasmtime-wasi"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "25.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "36.0.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "wasmtime-wasi"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "24.0.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-47261"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-05T15:47:02Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-15T21:17:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nIn `wasmtime-wasi`, when a filesystem preopen is given `DirPerms::all()` and `FilePerms::READ` without `FilePerms::WRITE`, this wasmtime-wasi enforced access control mechanism can be bypassed by using the wasip2 `descriptor.open-at` or wasip1 `path_open` interfaces by opening a file with `OpenFlags::TRUNCATE` oflag only, for example:\n\n```rust\ndir_descriptor.open_at(\n PathFlags::empty(),\n FILENAME,\n OpenFlags::TRUNCATE,\n DescriptorFlags::READ,\n)\n```\n\n```rust\nwasip1::path_open(\n dir_fd,\n 0,\n FILENAME,\n wasip1::OFLAGS_TRUNC,\n wasip1::RIGHTS_FD_READ,\n 0,\n 0\n)\n```\n\nThe root cause is that the clause that considered `OpenFlags::TRUNCATE` did not set `open_mode |= OpenMode::WRITE;`, used later in that function for the access control check against `FilePerms` for whether opening that file is permitted. With the bug corrected, these calls to `open-at` and `path_open` fail with `error-code.not-permitted` and `ERRNO_PERM` respectively.\n\nThe bug in `crates/wasi/src/filesystem.rs`, `Dir::open_at`, lines 967\u2013969:\n\n```rust\nif oflags.contains(OpenFlags::TRUNCATE) {\n opts.truncate(true).write(true);\n}\n```\nand the single line fix is:\n```rust\nif oflags.contains(OpenFlags::TRUNCATE) {\n opts.truncate(true).write(true);\n open_mode |= OpenMode::WRITE;\n}\n```\n\nOnly wasmtime-wasi embeddings that use a combination of DirPerms::MUTATE with FilePerms::READ are affected by this bug, e.g. those that use in the `WasiCtxBuilder`:\n```rust\nbuilder.preopened_dir(\"readonly\", \"readonly\", DirPerms::READ | DirPerms::MUTATE, FilePerms::READ);\n```\n\nIn particular, the Wasmtime project\u0027s `wasmtime-cli`\u0027s use of wasmtime-wasi is not affected, because it always sets `FilePerms::all()` for all preopens.",
"id": "GHSA-2r75-cxrj-cmph",
"modified": "2026-07-08T17:35:44Z",
"published": "2026-06-05T15:47:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/security/advisories/GHSA-2r75-cxrj-cmph"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47261"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/tag/v24.0.9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/tag/v36.0.10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/tag/v44.0.2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/releases/tag/v45.0.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2026-0149.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "wasmtime-wasi: WASI path_open(TRUNCATE) bypasses `FilePerms::WRITE` host restriction"
}
GHSA-2R9R-3596-47C9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-17 00:32 – Updated: 2024-07-17 00:32Vulnerability in the Oracle Process Manufacturing Product Development product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Quality Management Specs). The supported version that is affected is 12.2.13. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Process Manufacturing Product Development. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Process Manufacturing Product Development accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Process Manufacturing Product Development accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-21153"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-16T23:15:17Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Process Manufacturing Product Development product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Quality Management Specs). The supported version that is affected is 12.2.13. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Process Manufacturing Product Development. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Process Manufacturing Product Development accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Process Manufacturing Product Development accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-2r9r-3596-47c9",
"modified": "2024-07-17T00:32:55Z",
"published": "2024-07-17T00:32:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21153"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2024.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RF5-22P4-9M65
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:49 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:49Admin Framework in Apple OS X before 10.10.4 does not properly verify XPC entitlements, which allows local users to bypass authentication and obtain admin privileges via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-3671"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-07-03T01:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Admin Framework in Apple OS X before 10.10.4 does not properly verify XPC entitlements, which allows local users to bypass authentication and obtain admin privileges via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-2rf5-22p4-9m65",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:49:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:49:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-3671"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2015/Jun/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.apple.com/kb/HT204942"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/75493"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1032760"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2RG7-JP97-9WHM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-01 12:31 – Updated: 2026-04-09 21:31An improper access check allows unauthorized access to webservice endpoints.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-23899"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-01T10:16:16Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An improper access check allows unauthorized access to webservice endpoints.",
"id": "GHSA-2rg7-jp97-9whm",
"modified": "2026-04-09T21:31:25Z",
"published": "2026-04-01T12:31:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23899"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://developer.joomla.org/security-centre/1032-20260306-core-improper-access-check-in-webservice-endpoints.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RPP-4GCG-QM8X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-23 15:31 – Updated: 2025-06-26 18:31A settings manipulation vulnerability in NCR Terminal Handler v1.5.1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands, including editing system security auditing configurations.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-47297"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-23T15:15:25Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A settings manipulation vulnerability in NCR Terminal Handler v1.5.1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands, including editing system security auditing configurations.",
"id": "GHSA-2rpp-4gcg-qm8x",
"modified": "2025-06-26T18:31:24Z",
"published": "2025-06-23T15:31:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47297"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YzoJ2QuI9LEEpF8r5ZiCdTQtR9hfsXl7/view?usp=sharing"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pwahba/cve-research/blob/main/CVE-2023-47297/CVE-2023-47297.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.