CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
10637 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-WXF4-V5XG-GJ9P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-18 21:32 – Updated: 2026-08-18 21:32Vulnerability in the Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology product of Oracle Hyperion (component: Installation and Configuration). The supported version that is affected is 11.2.25.0.000. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology executes to compromise Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-62536"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-18T21:17:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology product of Oracle Hyperion (component: Installation and Configuration). The supported version that is affected is 11.2.25.0.000. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology executes to compromise Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-wxf4-v5xg-gj9p",
"modified": "2026-08-18T21:32:26Z",
"published": "2026-08-18T21:32:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-62536"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspuaug2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WXF4-V7GW-6W69
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-18 21:33 – Updated: 2026-08-18 21:33Vulnerability in the Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology product of Oracle Hyperion (component: Installation and Configuration). The supported version that is affected is 11.2.25.0.000. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology. While the vulnerability is in Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.2 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-70964"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-18T21:17:54Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology product of Oracle Hyperion (component: Installation and Configuration). The supported version that is affected is 11.2.25.0.000. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology. While the vulnerability is in Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.2 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-wxf4-v7gw-6w69",
"modified": "2026-08-18T21:33:21Z",
"published": "2026-08-18T21:33:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-70964"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspuaug2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WXG9-M4PJ-6HVR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-01 00:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:32The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.7.5, macOS Sequoia 15.4, macOS Sonoma 14.7.5. An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-24272"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-31T23:15:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.7.5, macOS Sequoia 15.4, macOS Sonoma 14.7.5. An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system.",
"id": "GHSA-wxg9-m4pj-6hvr",
"modified": "2025-11-04T00:32:22Z",
"published": "2025-04-01T00:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24272"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122373"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122374"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122375"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WXGX-37C3-39PH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-28 12:30 – Updated: 2026-08-28 12:30None None None No publicly available exploits are known.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-40204"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-28T12:16:29Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "None None None No publicly available exploits are known.",
"id": "GHSA-wxgx-37c3-39ph",
"modified": "2026-08-28T12:30:25Z",
"published": "2026-08-28T12:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40204"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://documentation.open-xchange.com/dovecot/security/advisories/csaf/2026/oxdc-adv-2026-0003.json"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WXHJ-WW34-V87F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-18 00:30 – Updated: 2023-01-18 00:30Vulnerability in the Oracle Global Lifecycle Management NextGen OUI Framework product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: NextGen Installer issues). Supported versions that are affected are Prior to 13.9.4.2.11. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle Global Lifecycle Management NextGen OUI Framework executes to compromise Oracle Global Lifecycle Management NextGen OUI Framework. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Global Lifecycle Management NextGen OUI Framework. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.3 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-21894"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-18T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Global Lifecycle Management NextGen OUI Framework product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: NextGen Installer issues). Supported versions that are affected are Prior to 13.9.4.2.11. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle Global Lifecycle Management NextGen OUI Framework executes to compromise Oracle Global Lifecycle Management NextGen OUI Framework. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Global Lifecycle Management NextGen OUI Framework. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.3 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-wxhj-ww34-v87f",
"modified": "2023-01-18T00:30:15Z",
"published": "2023-01-18T00:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21894"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2023.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WXJF-3FX4-4H78
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-29 21:30 – Updated: 2025-06-29 21:30A vulnerability classified as critical was found in SourceCodester Simple Company Website 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /classes/SystemSettings.php?f=update_settings. The manipulation of the argument img leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-6872"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-29T21:15:22Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical was found in SourceCodester Simple Company Website 1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /classes/SystemSettings.php?f=update_settings. The manipulation of the argument img leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-wxjf-3fx4-4h78",
"modified": "2025-06-29T21:30:26Z",
"published": "2025-06-29T21:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6872"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ez-lbz/poc/issues/28"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.314344"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.314344"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.603643"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sourcecodester.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-WXMM-Q36W-R9XJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-17 16:29 – Updated: 2026-09-17 16:29Summary
MariaDB Connector/J does not enforce allowLocalInfile=false when
processing server-initiated LOCAL INFILE requests (protocol packet
type 0xfb). However, exploitation is constrained: the server can
only request the exact filename the client already included in its
LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE query, it cannot redirect to arbitrary paths.
Details
When a client executes LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE '/path/to/file', the
connector sends the filename to the server as part of the COM_QUERY.
A rogue or MitM server responds with a 0xfb packet echoing that
same filename. The connector, without checking allowLocalInfile,
transmits the file content.
The bypass is therefore limited to the file the application itself
intended to load. The attacker cannot escalate to other files
(e.g. /etc/passwd) unless the application's own query targets them.
The real-world risk is:
- An application that uses LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE on potentially
sensitive files (credentials, exports, configs) and connects over
an untrusted network.
- allowLocalInfile=false is supposed to disable this entire
mechanism as a defense-in-depth measure, but the flag is ignored.
Impact
The security guarantee of allowLocalInfile=false is not upheld,
but practical exploitation requires both a MitM/rogue server and an
application that actively uses LOCAL INFILE on sensitive data.
Credit
Reported by tharavel
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.mariadb.jdbc:mariadb-java-client"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.7.14"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.mariadb.jdbc:mariadb-java-client"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.3.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.mariadb.jdbc:mariadb-java-client"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.4.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.mariadb.jdbc:mariadb-java-client"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.5.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-61700"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-17T16:29:53Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nMariaDB Connector/J does not enforce `allowLocalInfile=false` when \nprocessing server-initiated LOCAL INFILE requests (protocol packet \ntype `0xfb`). However, exploitation is constrained: the server can \nonly request the exact filename the client already included in its \n`LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE` query, it cannot redirect to arbitrary paths.\n\n## Details\n\nWhen a client executes `LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE \u0027/path/to/file\u0027`, the \nconnector sends the filename to the server as part of the COM_QUERY. \nA rogue or MitM server responds with a `0xfb` packet echoing that \nsame filename. The connector, without checking `allowLocalInfile`, \ntransmits the file content.\n\nThe bypass is therefore limited to the file the application itself \nintended to load. The attacker cannot escalate to other files \n(e.g. `/etc/passwd`) unless the application\u0027s own query targets them.\n\nThe real-world risk is:\n- An application that uses `LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE` on potentially \n sensitive files (credentials, exports, configs) and connects over \n an untrusted network.\n- `allowLocalInfile=false` is supposed to disable this entire \n mechanism as a defense-in-depth measure, but the flag is ignored.\n\n## Impact\n\nThe security guarantee of `allowLocalInfile=false` is not upheld, \nbut practical exploitation requires both a MitM/rogue server and an \napplication that actively uses LOCAL INFILE on sensitive data.\n\n## Credit\n\nReported by tharavel",
"id": "GHSA-wxmm-q36w-r9xj",
"modified": "2026-09-17T16:29:54Z",
"published": "2026-09-17T16:29:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/mariadb-connector-j/security/advisories/GHSA-wxmm-q36w-r9xj"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/mariadb-connector-j/commit/0205d8be947918566cd9ce5a9db149541bbc8dee"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/mariadb-connector-j"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/mariadb-connector-j/releases/tag/3.5.9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "MariaDB Connector/J does not enforce allowLocalInfile=false on server-initiated LOCAL INFILE requests"
}
GHSA-WXP4-4X8F-5V4C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-14 15:31 – Updated: 2024-08-14 15:31Improper access control for some Intel(R) CIP software before version 2.4.10717 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-43489"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-14T14:15:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper access control for some Intel(R) CIP software before version 2.4.10717 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.",
"id": "GHSA-wxp4-4x8f-5v4c",
"modified": "2024-08-14T15:31:12Z",
"published": "2024-08-14T15:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-43489"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01112.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-WXP5-6VXP-R6FW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-09 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-09 21:31A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of CPPM guest account management services could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to manipulate account settings. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to extend network access beyond policy limits, leading to unauthorized prolonged use of network resources.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-73789"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-09T20:20:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of CPPM guest account management services could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to manipulate account settings. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to extend network access beyond policy limits, leading to unauthorized prolonged use of network resources.",
"id": "GHSA-wxp5-6vxp-r6fw",
"modified": "2026-09-09T21:31:56Z",
"published": "2026-09-09T21:31:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-73789"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpesc/public/docDisplay?docId=hpesbnw05130en_us\u0026docLocale=en_US"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WXP5-9W64-PP68
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-24 06:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:10A vulnerability has been identified in the ioLogik 4000 Series (ioLogik E4200) firmware versions v1.6 and prior, which can be exploited by malicious actors to potentially gain unauthorized access to the product. This could lead to security breaches, data theft, and unauthorized manipulation of sensitive information. The vulnerability is attributed to the presence of an unauthorized service, which could potentially enable unauthorized access to the. device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4227"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-489",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-24T06:15:44Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in the ioLogik 4000 Series (ioLogik E4200) firmware versions v1.6 and prior, which can be exploited by malicious actors to potentially gain unauthorized access to the product. This could lead to security breaches, data theft, and unauthorized manipulation of sensitive information. The vulnerability is attributed to the presence of an unauthorized service, which could potentially enable unauthorized access to the. device.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-wxp5-9w64-pp68",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:10:20Z",
"published": "2023-08-24T06:30:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4227"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/support/product-support/security-advisory/mpsa-230310-iologik-4000-series-multiple-web-server-vulnerabilities-and-improper-access-control-vulnerability"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.