Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-22
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
14244 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-45224 (GCVE-0-2026-45224)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-11 18:12 – Updated: 2026-07-14 20:01 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Crabbox < 0.9.0 Path Traversal via Islo Provider Workspace Resolution
Summary
Crabbox before 0.9.0 contains a path traversal vulnerability in the Islo provider's workspace path resolution that allows attackers to supply absolute or relative paths that resolve outside the intended /workspace directory. Attackers can craft a malicious .crabbox.yaml or crabbox.yaml file with traversal sequences to cause arbitrary file deletion and overwrite when sync.delete is enabled, as the workspace preparation logic executes rm -rf and mkdir -p operations on the resolved path without proper validation.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-12 16:21 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/openclaw/crabbox/releases/tag/v0.9.0 | release-notes |
| https://github.com/openclaw/crabbox/pull/65 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/openclaw/crabbox/commit/6b0719… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/crabbox-path… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-05-09 00:00
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CVE-2026-45171 (GCVE-0-2026-45171)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-11 21:55 – Updated: 2026-06-13 03:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Idira Privileged Session Manager (PSM): Potential Code Execution due to an Incomplete Input Validation
Summary
Incomplete input validation and improperly configured folder permissions within Idira Privileged Session Manager (PSM) versions prior to 15.0.3, 14.6.3, 14.2.5, and 14.0.5, an authenticated, low-privileged user could potentially execute arbitrary code. CyberArk Security Bulletin: CA26-17 and CA26-18
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-12 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Path Traversal
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://docs.cyberark.com/pam-self-hosted/latest/… | vendor-advisory |
| https://docs.cyberark.com/pam-self-hosted/latest/… | vendor-advisory |
| https://docs.cyberark.com/pam-self-hosted/latest/… | vendor-advisory |
| https://docs.cyberark.com/pam-self-hosted/latest/… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CyberArk Software, a Palo Alto Networks Company | Privileged Session Manager, Vault |
Affected:
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Date Public
2026-06-11 17:10
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CVE-2026-45099 (GCVE-0-2026-45099)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-21 20:07 – Updated: 2026-08-25 14:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Terragrunt: Arbitrary File Deletion via Malicious Module Manifest
Summary
Terragrunt is a flexible orchestration tool that allows Infrastructure as Code written in OpenTofu or Terraform to scale. Prior to 1.0.4, Terragrunt trusts paths decoded from a downloaded module's .terragrunt-module-manifest during fileManifest.Clean() in internal/util/file.go. A malicious or compromised external module can place absolute or traversal paths in the manifest, causing cleanup to delete files outside the module cache that are accessible to the Terragrunt process before OpenTofu or Terraform executes. This deletion-only primitive can remove local source code or configuration and disrupt CI/CD pipelines. This issue is fixed in version 1.0.4.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-25 14:23 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/gruntwork-io/terragrunt/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/gruntwork-io/terragrunt/pull/6032 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/gruntwork-io/terragrunt/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/gruntwork-io/terragrunt/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| gruntwork-io | terragrunt |
Affected:
< 1.0.4
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CVE-2026-45017 (GCVE-0-2026-45017)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-28 14:24 – Updated: 2026-05-28 15:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Python Liquid: Absolute paths escape filesystem loader search path
Summary
Python Liquid is a Python engine for the Liquid template language. Prior to 2.2.0, the built-in FileSystemLoader and CachingFileSystemLoader do not guard against reading files outside their search paths when given an absolute path to resolve. This allows malicious template authors to load and render arbitrary files via the {% include %} and {% render %} tags. Targeted files would need to contain valid Liquid markup and be readable by the application process. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.2.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-28 15:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jg-rp/liquid/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-44996 (GCVE-0-2026-44996)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-11 16:46 – Updated: 2026-05-11 19:05 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenClaw < 2026.4.15 - Arbitrary Local File Read via Webchat Audio Embedding
Summary
OpenClaw before 2026.4.15 contains an arbitrary local file read vulnerability in the webchat audio embedding helper that fails to apply local media root containment checks. Attackers can influence agent or tool-produced ReplyPayload.mediaUrl parameters to resolve absolute local paths or file URLs, read audio-like files, and embed them base64-encoded into webchat responses.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-11 18:49 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/6e58f… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-arb… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-04-22 00:00
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CVE-2026-44973 (GCVE-0-2026-44973)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-28 21:26 – Updated: 2026-06-01 18:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Billy: Path traversal vulnerabilities
Summary
Billy is an interface filesystem abstraction for Go. Prior to 5.9.0, multiple path traversal issues exist across different components of go-billy. Insufficient path sanitization and boundary enforcement may allow crafted paths (e.g., using ..) to escape intended base directories. While go-billy was not originally designed to provide a strong security boundary, some of these issues were inconsistent across some of the built-in implementations. This results in scenarios where applications relying on go-billy for some level of isolation may inadvertently expose access to unintended filesystem locations. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.9.0.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-01 18:40 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/go-git/go-billy/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-44943 (GCVE-0-2026-44943)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 12:58 – Updated: 2026-07-29 14:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
remote limited file-write as root via discovery in open-iscsi
Summary
An Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in open-iscsi allows remote MITM attackers to create root-owned files outside the database and inject lines into the record.
This issue affects open-iscsi: from through 668ca1df9c9a1e9bdd5c999ae1d67c9c8909237e.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-29 14:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| open-iscsi | open-iscsi |
Affected:
? , ≤ 668ca1df9c9a1e9bdd5c999ae1d67c9c8909237e
(git)
|
Date Public
2026-07-14 11:45
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CVE-2026-44885 (GCVE-0-2026-44885)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-28 20:56 – Updated: 2026-05-29 19:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Portainer: Path traversal in backup archive extraction allows arbitrary file write
Summary
Portainer Community Edition is a lightweight service delivery platform for containerized applications that can be used to manage Docker, Swarm, Kubernetes and ACI environments. From 2.33.0 to before 2.33.8, Portainer's backup restore feature accepts a .tar.gz archive and extracts it to a target directory on the server. The extraction function (ExtractTarGz in api/archive/targz.go) constructed output paths using filepath.Clean(filepath.Join(outputDirPath, header.Name)). This combination does not prevent directory traversal — a tar entry named ../../etc/cron.d/evil resolves to a path outside the extraction root, so a crafted archive can write files to arbitrary locations on the server filesystem. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.33.8.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-29 19:08 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/portainer/portainer/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/portainer/portainer-suite/pull/1875 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-44829 (GCVE-0-2026-44829)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 14:35 – Updated: 2026-08-19 18:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Gotenberg: Path traversal in zip entry name via Windows-style separators in upload filename
Summary
Gotenberg is a Docker-powered stateless API for PDF files. In 8.32.0 and earlier, filename handling in pkg/modules/api/context.go uses filepath.Base on Linux, which does not treat backslashes as path separators, so a multipart filename containing Windows-style parent directory components survives sanitization. The original filename flows through ctx.diskToOriginal and the multi-output PDF routes into archives.FilesFromDisk and archives.Zip.Archive as the generated zip entry name. A remote attacker can submit a name such as ........\Windows\System32\evil.pdf through an upload or an upstream downloadFrom Content-Disposition header, and a Windows archive extractor can write the resulting file outside the intended extraction directory. The affected paths include /forms/pdfengines/split and other multi-output PDF, LibreOffice, and conversion routes, and exploitation can cause arbitrary file writes on a downstream Windows system when a user or process extracts the returned archive. This issue is fixed in version 8.33.0.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-19 18:03 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/662 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/commit/93d… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/releases/t… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-44788 (GCVE-0-2026-44788)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-26 21:32 – Updated: 2026-05-27 12:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SharpCompress: Directory traversal via directory entries in WriteToDirectory (zip slip variant)
Summary
SharpCompress is a fully managed C# library to deal with many compression types and formats. In 0.47.4 and earlier, a path traversal vulnerability in IArchive.WriteToDirectory() allows a malicious archive to create directories outside the intended extraction root. For TAR archives, this can be escalated to arbitrary file writes by chaining with a symlink entry, giving a full write primitive on the target filesystem subject to the permissions of the running process.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-27 12:46 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/adamhathcock/sharpcompress/sec… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| adamhathcock | sharpcompress |
Affected:
<= 0.47.4
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Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-20.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-21.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation
Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.