Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1336

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.

381 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2022-0896 (GCVE-0-2022-0896)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-03-09 11:20 – Updated: 2024-08-02 23:47
VLAI
Title
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine in microweber/microweber
Summary
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine in GitHub repository microweber/microweber prior to 1.3.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:P/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
microweber microweber/microweber Affected: unspecified , < 1.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2022-0323 (GCVE-0-2022-0323)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-01-21 18:00 – Updated: 2024-08-02 23:25
VLAI
Title
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine in bobthecow/mustache.php
Summary
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine in Packagist mustache/mustache prior to 2.14.1.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
bobthecow bobthecow/mustache.php Affected: unspecified , < 2.14.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-39128 (GCVE-0-2021-39128)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-09-16 05:20 – Updated: 2024-10-10 16:00
VLAI
Summary
Affected versions of Atlassian Jira Server or Data Center using the Jira Service Management addon allow remote attackers with JIRA Administrators access to execute arbitrary Java code via a server-side template injection vulnerability in the Email Template feature. The affected versions of Jira Server or Data Center are before version 8.13.12, and from version 8.14.0 before 8.19.1.
Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-10 15:57 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Atlassian Jira Server Affected: unspecified , < 8.13.12 (custom)
Affected: 8.14.0 , < unspecified (custom)
Affected: unspecified , < 8.19.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Atlassian Jira Data Center Affected: unspecified , < 8.13.12 (custom)
Affected: 8.14.0 , < unspecified (custom)
Affected: unspecified , < 8.19.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
atlassian jira_data_center Affected: 0 , < 8.13.12 (custom)
Affected: 8.14.0 , < 8.19.1 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:atlassian:jira_data_center:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
atlassian jira_server Affected: 0 , < 8.13.12 (custom)
Affected: 8.14.0 , < 8.19.1 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:atlassian:jira_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2021-09-16 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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                        "version_data": [
                          {
                            "version_affected": "\u003c",
                            "version_value": "8.13.12"
                          },
                          {
                            "version_affected": "\u003e=",
                            "version_value": "8.14.0"
                          },
                          {
                            "version_affected": "\u003c",
                            "version_value": "8.19.1"
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                },
                "vendor_name": "Atlassian"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "data_format": "MITRE",
        "data_type": "CVE",
        "data_version": "4.0",
        "description": {
          "description_data": [
            {
              "lang": "eng",
              "value": "Affected versions of Atlassian Jira Server or Data Center using the Jira Service Management addon allow remote attackers with JIRA Administrators access to execute arbitrary Java code via a server-side template injection vulnerability in the Email Template feature. The affected versions of Jira Server or Data Center are before version 8.13.12, and from version 8.14.0 before 8.19.1."
            }
          ]
        },
        "problemtype": {
          "problemtype_data": [
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "eng",
                  "value": "CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine"
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        "references": {
          "reference_data": [
            {
              "name": "https://jira.atlassian.com/browse/JRASERVER-72804",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "https://jira.atlassian.com/browse/JRASERVER-72804"
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "f08a6ab8-ed46-4c22-8884-d911ccfe3c66",
    "assignerShortName": "atlassian",
    "cveId": "CVE-2021-39128",
    "datePublished": "2021-09-16T05:20:10.512Z",
    "dateReserved": "2021-08-16T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-10-10T16:00:53.918Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

CVE-2021-4315 (GCVE-0-2021-4315)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-28 22:58 – Updated: 2024-08-03 17:23
VLAI
Title
NYUCCL psiTurk experiment.py special elements used in a template engine
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in NYUCCL psiTurk up to 3.2.0 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file psiturk/experiment.py. The manipulation of the argument mode leads to improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 3.2.1 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is 47787e15cecd66f2aa87687bf852ae0194a4335f. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-219676.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
NYUCCL psiTurk Affected: 3.0
Affected: 3.1
Affected: 3.2
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
VulDB GitHub Commit Analyzer
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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          "value": "A vulnerability has been found in NYUCCL psiTurk up to 3.2.0 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file psiturk/experiment.py. The manipulation of the argument mode leads to improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Upgrading to version 3.2.1 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is 47787e15cecd66f2aa87687bf852ae0194a4335f. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-219676."
        },
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              "cweId": "CWE-1336",
              "description": "CWE-1336 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine",
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          "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.219676"
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          "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.219676"
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          "url": "https://github.com/NYUCCL/psiTurk/pull/517"
        },
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          "tags": [
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          "url": "https://github.com/NYUCCL/psiTurk/commit/47787e15cecd66f2aa87687bf852ae0194a4335f"
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          "url": "https://github.com/NYUCCL/psiTurk/releases/tag/v3.2.1"
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      ],
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          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2023-01-27T00:00:00.000Z",
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GHSA-27WP-JVHW-V4XP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-08 14:48 – Updated: 2024-08-08 17:00
VLAI
Summary
Shopware vulnerable to Server Side Template Injection in Twig using deprecation silence tag
Details

Impact

Shopware has a new Twig Tag sw_silent_feature_call which silences deprecation messages while triggered in this tag. It accepts as parameter a string the feature flag name to silence, but this parameter is not escaped properly and allows execution of code.

Patches

Update to Shopware 6.6.5.1 or 6.5.8.13

Workarounds

For older versions of 6.2, 6.3, and 6.4, corresponding security measures are also available via a plugin. For the full range of functions, we recommend updating to the latest Shopware version.

Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.5.8.12"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "shopware/core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.5.8.13"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.5.8.12"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "shopware/platform"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.5.8.13"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.6.5.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "shopware/platform"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "6.6.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.6.5.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.6.5.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "shopware/core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "6.6.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.6.5.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-42355"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-08-08T14:48:03Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-08T15:15:18Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nShopware has a new Twig Tag `sw_silent_feature_call` which silences deprecation messages while triggered in this tag.\nIt accepts as parameter a string the feature flag name to silence, but this parameter is not escaped properly and allows execution of code.\n\n### Patches\nUpdate to Shopware 6.6.5.1 or 6.5.8.13\n\n### Workarounds\nFor older versions of 6.2, 6.3,  and 6.4, corresponding security measures are also available via a plugin. For the full range of functions, we recommend updating to the latest Shopware version.\n",
  "id": "GHSA-27wp-jvhw-v4xp",
  "modified": "2024-08-08T17:00:14Z",
  "published": "2024-08-08T14:48:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shopware/shopware/security/advisories/GHSA-27wp-jvhw-v4xp"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42355"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shopware/core/commit/a784aa1cec0624e36e0ee4d41aeebaed40e0442f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shopware/core/commit/d35ee2eda5c995faeb08b3dad127eab65c64e2a2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shopware/shopware/commit/445c6763cc093fbd651e0efaa4150deae4ae60da"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/shopware/shopware/commit/8504ba7e56e53add6a1d5b9d45015e3d899cd0ac"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/shopware/shopware"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Shopware vulnerable to Server Side Template Injection in Twig using deprecation silence tag"
}

GHSA-28GW-7MXX-5HJG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-13 21:30 – Updated: 2024-11-13 21:30
VLAI
Details

Improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL command in some Intel(R) Neural Compressor software before version v3.0 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.

Severity
7.0 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.3 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-39766"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-13T21:15:27Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL command in some Intel(R) Neural Compressor software before version v3.0 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.",
  "id": "GHSA-28gw-7mxx-5hjg",
  "modified": "2024-11-13T21:30:38Z",
  "published": "2024-11-13T21:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39766"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01219.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2JQG-X237-HWX2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-18 12:31 – Updated: 2026-08-18 12:31
VLAI
Details

grav-plugin-api versions before 1.0.15 fail to validate Twig content in the translate() endpoint, allowing attackers with api.pages.write permission to persist pages with process.twig enabled. Attackers can submit crafted header and content parameters to execute server-side template injection payloads that are evaluated at render time.

Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
8.6 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-75829"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-18T12:19:32Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "grav-plugin-api versions before 1.0.15 fail to validate Twig content in the translate() endpoint, allowing attackers with api.pages.write permission to persist pages with process.twig enabled. Attackers can submit crafted header and content parameters to execute server-side template injection payloads that are evaluated at render time.",
  "id": "GHSA-2jqg-x237-hwx2",
  "modified": "2026-08-18T12:31:22Z",
  "published": "2026-08-18T12:31:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-w94c-jmg4-w4c9"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-75829"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/grav-plugin-api-before-twig-ssti-via-translate-endpoint"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2V4M-FW6C-G78F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-01 17:56 – Updated: 2026-07-01 17:56
VLAI
Summary
GeoNetwork has reflected XSS through client-side template injection
Details

Summary

It is possible to craft a URL that causes GeoNetwork to reflect attacker-controlled content into an error page in a way that gets evaluated as a client-side template expression. Combined with known AngularJS sandbox-escape techniques, this can be used to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the victim's browser (reflected Cross-Site Scripting via client-side template injection).

Details

When a user requests a service URL that does not exist or that they are not authorized to access, GeoNetwork shows an error page that reflects part of the original request back to the user without adequately neutralizing it for the context it is rendered in. Because this error page is an AngularJS application, attacker-controlled content in the reflected value can be interpreted as a template expression and evaluated once the page loads in the victim's browser, rather than being displayed as inert text.

Impact

An attacker can trick a user (including an administrator) into visiting a crafted link. The resulting script execution runs in the context of the victim's authenticated session and can be used to exfiltrate information or perform actions on the victim's behalf. For example, an attacker could inject a fake login form that looks identical to the legitimate GeoNetwork login page to harvest credentials.

GeoNetwork 3.x and 4.0.x are archived/unmaintained and will not receive a fix for this issue. Instances running those lines should upgrade to a supported release (4.2.15 or later, or 4.4.10 or later).

Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.geonetwork-opensource:geonetwork"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "3.12.12"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.geonetwork-opensource:geonetwork"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0-alpha.1"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "4.0.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.14"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.geonetwork-opensource:geonetwork"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.2.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.15"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.4.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.geonetwork-opensource:geonetwork"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.4.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.4.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-39379"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336",
      "CWE-79"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-01T17:56:51Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nIt is possible to craft a URL that causes GeoNetwork to reflect attacker-controlled content into an error page in a way that gets evaluated as a client-side template expression. Combined with known AngularJS sandbox-escape techniques, this can be used to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the victim\u0027s browser (reflected Cross-Site Scripting via client-side template injection).\n\n### Details\nWhen a user requests a service URL that does not exist or that they are not authorized to access, GeoNetwork shows an error page that reflects part of the original request back to the user without adequately neutralizing it for the context it is rendered in. Because this error page is an AngularJS application, attacker-controlled content in the reflected value can be interpreted as a template expression and evaluated once the page loads in the victim\u0027s browser, rather than being displayed as inert text.\n\n### Impact\nAn attacker can trick a user (including an administrator) into visiting a crafted link. The resulting script execution runs in the context of the victim\u0027s authenticated session and can be used to exfiltrate information or perform actions on the victim\u0027s behalf. For example, an attacker could inject a fake login form that looks identical to the legitimate GeoNetwork login page to harvest credentials.\n\nGeoNetwork 3.x and 4.0.x are archived/unmaintained and will not receive a fix for this issue. Instances running those lines should upgrade to a supported release (4.2.15 or later, or 4.4.10 or later).",
  "id": "GHSA-2v4m-fw6c-g78f",
  "modified": "2026-07-01T17:56:51Z",
  "published": "2026-07-01T17:56:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/geonetwork/core-geonetwork/security/advisories/GHSA-2v4m-fw6c-g78f"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/geonetwork/core-geonetwork"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "GeoNetwork has reflected XSS through client-side template injection"
}

GHSA-33QF-Q99X-WPM8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-16 21:28 – Updated: 2026-04-27 16:15
VLAI
Summary
Home Assistant Command-line Interface: Handling of user-supplied Jinja2 templates
Details

Impact

Up to 1.0.0 of home-assitant-cli (or hass-cli for short) an unrestricted environment was used to handle Jninja2 templates instead of a sandboxed one. The user-supplied input within Jinja2 templates was rendered locally with no restrictions. This gave users access to Python's internals and extended the scope of templating beyond the intended usage.

E. g., it was possible to render a template with hass-cli template bad-template.j2 --local that contained entries like

{%- set b   = environ.__globals__['__builtins__'] -%}
{%- set os  = b['__import__']('os') -%}
{%- set bio = b['__import__']('builtins') -%}
...

or other malicious Jinja2 expressions. This can lead to arbitrary code execution on the local machine.

In a two step process an adversary could trick/convince an user to download third-party templates which contain harmful code (e. g., perform data manipulation or establish a remote shell) then to render those templates unchecked/reviewed/verified with --local.

The issue only affect the local machine and not a remote Home Assistant instance. It also requires user interventions.

Patches

1.0.0 uses ImmutableSandboxedEnvironment and restricts the usage of environment variables.

Workarounds

Evaluate the Jninja2 templates manually or tool-based before rendering with hass-cli.

Severity
5.6 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "homeassistant-cli"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-40602"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-16T21:28:39Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-21T18:16:51Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nUp to 1.0.0 of `home-assitant-cli` (or `hass-cli` for short) an unrestricted environment was used to handle Jninja2 templates instead of a sandboxed one. The user-supplied input within Jinja2 templates was rendered locally with no restrictions. This gave users access to Python\u0027s internals and extended the scope of templating beyond the intended usage.\n\nE. g., it was possible to render a template with `hass-cli template bad-template.j2 --local` that contained entries like\n\n````j2\n{%- set b   = environ.__globals__[\u0027__builtins__\u0027] -%}\n{%- set os  = b[\u0027__import__\u0027](\u0027os\u0027) -%}\n{%- set bio = b[\u0027__import__\u0027](\u0027builtins\u0027) -%}\n...\n````\n\nor other malicious Jinja2 expressions. This can lead to arbitrary code execution on the local machine.\n\nIn a two step process an adversary could trick/convince an user to download third-party templates which contain harmful code (e. g., perform data manipulation or establish a remote shell)  then to render those templates unchecked/reviewed/verified with `--local`. \n\nThe issue only affect the local machine and not a remote Home Assistant instance. It also requires user interventions.\n\n### Patches\n\n1.0.0 uses `ImmutableSandboxedEnvironment` and restricts the usage of environment variables.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nEvaluate the Jninja2 templates manually or  tool-based before rendering with `hass-cli`.",
  "id": "GHSA-33qf-q99x-wpm8",
  "modified": "2026-04-27T16:15:58Z",
  "published": "2026-04-16T21:28:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/home-assistant-ecosystem/home-assistant-cli/security/advisories/GHSA-33qf-q99x-wpm8"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40602"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/home-assistant-ecosystem/home-assistant-cli/pull/453"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/home-assistant-ecosystem/home-assistant-cli"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Home Assistant Command-line Interface: Handling of user-supplied Jinja2 templates"
}

GHSA-34HW-4CQQ-QH3W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-17 03:30 – Updated: 2025-12-17 03:30
VLAI
Details

An input neutralization vulnerability in the Webhook Template component of Crafty Controller allows a remote, authenticated attacker to perform remote code execution via Server Side Template Injection.

Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-14700"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1336"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-17T01:15:59Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An input neutralization vulnerability in the Webhook Template component of Crafty Controller allows a remote, authenticated attacker to perform remote code execution via Server Side Template Injection.",
  "id": "GHSA-34hw-4cqq-qh3w",
  "modified": "2025-12-17T03:30:13Z",
  "published": "2025-12-17T03:30:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14700"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.com/crafty-controller/crafty-4/-/issues/646"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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