Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1336

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.

460 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-66297 (GCVE-0-2025-66297)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-01 21:05 – Updated: 2025-12-02 14:26
VLAI
Title
Grav vulnerable to Privilege Escalation and Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Twig Injection
Summary
Grav is a file-based Web platform. Prior to 1.8.0-beta.27, a user with admin panel access and permissions to create or edit pages in Grav CMS can enable Twig processing in the page frontmatter. By injecting malicious Twig expressions, the user can escalate their privileges to admin or execute arbitrary system commands via the scheduler API. This results in both Privilege Escalation (PE) and Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerabilities. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.8.0-beta.27.
Severity
7.4 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-02 14:26 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
getgrav grav Affected: < 1.8.0-beta.27
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CVE-2025-66294 (GCVE-0-2025-66294)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-01 20:52 – Updated: 2025-12-02 14:05
VLAI
Title
Grav is vulnerable to RCE via SSTI through Twig Sandbox Bypass
Summary
Grav is a file-based Web platform. Prior to 1.8.0-beta.27, a Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability exists in Grav that allows authenticated attackers with editor permissions to execute arbitrary commands on the server and, under certain conditions, may also be exploited by unauthenticated attackers. This vulnerability stems from weak regex validation in the cleanDangerousTwig method. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.8.0-beta.27.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-02 14:05 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
getgrav grav Affected: < 1.8.0-beta.27
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-65106 (GCVE-0-2025-65106)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-21 21:43 – Updated: 2025-11-21 21:53
VLAI
Title
LangChain Vulnerable to Template Injection via Attribute Access in Prompt Templates
Summary
LangChain is a framework for building agents and LLM-powered applications. From versions 0.3.79 and prior and 1.0.0 to 1.0.6, a template injection vulnerability exists in LangChain's prompt template system that allows attackers to access Python object internals through template syntax. This vulnerability affects applications that accept untrusted template strings (not just template variables) in ChatPromptTemplate and related prompt template classes. This issue has been patched in versions 0.3.80 and 1.0.7.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-21 21:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
langchain-ai langchain Affected: >= 1.0.0, < 1.0.7
Affected: < 0.3.80
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-62416 (GCVE-0-2025-62416)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-16 18:32 – Updated: 2025-10-17 14:32
VLAI
Title
bagisto - Server Side Template Injection (SSTI) in Product Description
Summary
Bagisto is an open source laravel eCommerce platform. Bagisto v2.3.7 is vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) due to unsanitized user input being processed by the server-side templating engine when rendering product descriptions. This allows an attacker with product creation privileges to inject arbitrary template expressions that are evaluated by the backend — potentially leading to Remote Code Execution (RCE) on the server. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.3.8.
Severity
5.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-17 14:32 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
bagisto bagisto Affected: < 2.3.8
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-62369 (GCVE-0-2025-62369)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-04 21:18 – Updated: 2025-11-05 14:29
VLAI
Title
Xibo CMS: Remote Code Execution through module templates
Summary
Xibo is an open source digital signage platform with a web content management system (CMS). Versions 4.3.0 and below contain a Remote Code Execution vulnerability in the CMS Developer menu's Module Templating functionality, allowing authenticated users with "System -> Add/Edit custom modules and templates" permissions to manipulate Twig filters and execute arbitrary server-side functions as the web server user. This issue is fixed in version 4.3.1. To workaround this issue, use the 4.1 and 4.2 patch commits.
Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-05 14:29 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
xibosignage xibo-cms Affected: < 4.3.1
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CVE-2025-59340 (GCVE-0-2025-59340)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-17 20:01 – Updated: 2025-09-18 15:45
VLAI
Title
jinjava Sandbox Bypass via JavaType-Based Deserialization
Summary
jinjava is a Java-based template engine based on django template syntax, adapted to render jinja templates. Priori to 2.8.1, by using mapper.getTypeFactory().constructFromCanonical(), it is possible to instruct the underlying ObjectMapper to deserialize attacker-controlled input into arbitrary classes. This enables the creation of semi-arbitrary class instances without directly invoking restricted methods or class literals. As a result, an attacker can escape the sandbox and instantiate classes such as java.net.URL, opening up the ability to access local files and URLs(e.g., file:///etc/passwd). With further chaining, this primitive can potentially lead to remote code execution (RCE). This vulnerability is fixed in 2.8.1.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-18 15:45 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
HubSpot jinjava Affected: < 2.8.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2025-57811 (GCVE-0-2025-57811)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-25 17:52 – Updated: 2025-08-25 18:05
VLAI
Title
Craft Potential Remote Code Execution via Twig SSTI
Summary
Craft is a platform for creating digital experiences. From versions 4.0.0-RC1 to 4.16.5 and 5.0.0-RC1 to 5.8.6, there is a potential remote code execution vulnerability via Twig SSTI (Server-Side Template Injection). This is a follow-up to CVE-2024-52293. This vulnerability has been patched in versions 4.16.6 and 5.8.7.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-25 18:05 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
craftcms cms Affected: >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.16.6
Affected: >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.8.7
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-54287 (GCVE-0-2025-54287)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-02 09:16 – Updated: 2025-10-02 13:27
VLAI
Title
Arbitrary File Read via Template Injection in Snapshot Patterns
Summary
Template Injection in instance snapshot creation component in Canonical LXD (>= 4.0) allows an attacker with instance configuration permissions to read arbitrary files on the host system via specially crafted snapshot pattern templates using the Pongo2 template engine.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-02 13:27 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Canonical LXD Affected: 6.0 , < 6.5 (semver)
Affected: 5.21 , < 5.21.4 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
GMO Flatt Security Inc.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-53909 (GCVE-0-2025-53909)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-17 13:47 – Updated: 2025-07-17 19:54
VLAI
Title
mailcow: dockerized vulnerable to SSTI in Quota and Quarantine Notification Template
Summary
mailcow: dockerized is an open source groupware/email suite based on docker. A Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability exists in versions prior to 2025-07 in the notification template system used by mailcow for sending quota and quarantine alerts. The template rendering engine allows template expressions that may be abused to execute code in certain contexts. The issue requires admin-level access to mailcow UI to configure templates, which are automatically rendered during normal system operation. Version 2025-07 contains a patch for the issue.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-07-17 19:54 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
mailcow mailcow-dockerized Affected: < 2025-07
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-53833 (GCVE-0-2025-53833)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-14 22:56 – Updated: 2025-07-15 19:49
VLAI
Title
LaRecipe is vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection attacks
Summary
LaRecipe is an application that allows users to create documentation with Markdown inside a Laravel app. Versions prior to 2.8.1 are vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI), which could potentially lead to Remote Code Execution (RCE) in vulnerable configurations. Attackers could execute arbitrary commands on the server, access sensitive environment variables, and/or escalate access depending on server configuration. Users are strongly advised to upgrade to version v2.8.1 or later to receive a patch.
Severity
10 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-07-15 13:48 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
saleem-hadad larecipe Affected: < 2.8.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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