Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-1321
AllowedImproperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete
The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.
866 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-48713 (GCVE-0-2026-48713)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-15 20:31 – Updated: 2026-06-16 12:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
i18next-fs-backend: Prototype pollution via crafted missing-key string
Summary
Versions prior to 2.6.6 are vulnerable to prototype pollution via crafted missing-key strings when used to persist missing translation keys (e.g. via i18next-http-middleware's missingKeyHandler exposed to untrusted input). Backend.writeFile() splits each queued missing-key string on the configured keySeparator (default .) before calling the internal setPath() walker. The walker (getLastOfPath in lib/utils.js) did not guard against unsafe segments, so a key like "__proto__.polluted" was split into ["__proto__", "polluted"] and walked straight into Object.prototype, allowing an attacker to write arbitrary properties onto the global object prototype. Depending on the host application, polluted prototype properties may cause crashes, corrupted translation behaviour, configuration poisoning, or bypasses of property-based security checks. Applications are affected only if the missingKeyHandler (or another route that forwards untrusted request bodies to i18next.t(..., { ... }) with saveMissing: true) is reachable by untrusted users and the default behaviour of splitting missing-key strings on keySeparator is in use (i.e. keySeparator is not false). Apps that do not expose missing-key persistence to untrusted input are not directly affected through this attack path. This issue has been fixed in version 2.6.6. If developers using the library are unable to upgrade immediately, they should take the following precautions: do not expose i18next-http-middleware's missingKeyHandler to untrusted users (mount it behind authentication, or remove the route), disable missing-key persistence (saveMissing: false, or no backend.create implementation) when accepting writes from untrusted input, and set keySeparator: false in their i18next options to disable backend key splitting (note: this also disables nested translation keys).
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-16 12:49 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/i18next/i18next-fs-backend/sec… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/i18next/i18next-fs-backend/com… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| i18next | i18next-fs-backend |
Affected:
< 2.6.6
|
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CVE-2026-48170 (GCVE-0-2026-48170)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-07 21:26 – Updated: 2026-08-10 14:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
scimPatch vulnerable to prototype pollution via unfiltered keys in patch
Summary
`scim-patch`, a library to perform SCIM patch, prior to version 0.9.1 performs prototype pollution when applying a SCIM PATCH operation whose `value` object contains a key like `"__proto__.someProp"`. After one such patch,
`Object.prototype.someProp` is set process-wide, affecting every plain object in the Node process. Any service that calls `scimPatch()` on attacker-controlled JSON (i.e. any SCIM endpoint accepting `PATCH` from an external IdP) is exploitable on a stock Node runtime. Version 0.9.1 contains a patch. A workaround is available. Calling `Object.freeze(Object.prototype)` (and the same on `Array.prototype`, `Function.prototype`) at process startup neutralizes this class of bug — assignment to a frozen prototype becomes a silent no-op in sloppy mode or a `TypeError` in strict mode. Node's `--frozen-intrinsics` flag does this for built-ins automatically.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-10 13:53 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/thomaspoignant/scim-patch/secu… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/thomaspoignant/scim-patch/comm… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| thomaspoignant | scim-patch |
Affected:
< 0.9.1
|
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CVE-2026-46681 (GCVE-0-2026-46681)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-21 14:02 – Updated: 2026-07-21 15:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
@nevware21/ts-utils: Prototype Pollution in objDeepCopy/objCopyProps via for...in without hasOwnProperty
Summary
@nevware21/ts-utils is a comprehensive TypeScript/JavaScript utility library. Prior to version 0.14.0, the _copyProps function in lib/src/object/copy.ts uses for...in to iterate over source object properties without an Object.hasOwnProperty check, and does not filter dangerous keys (__proto__, constructor, prototype). This allows an attacker to pollute the prototype chain of all objects in the application. Version 0.14.0 patches the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-21 15:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nevware21/ts-utils/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nevware21/ts-utils/commit/5e88… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-46625 (GCVE-0-2026-46625)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-10 21:18 – Updated: 2026-09-04 12:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
JavaScript Cookie: Per-instance prototype hijack in assign() enables cookie-attribute injection
Summary
JavaScript Cookie is a JavaScript API for handling cookies, client-side. Prior to version 3.0.7, js-cookie's internal assign() helper copies properties with for...in + plain assignment. When the source object is produced by JSON.parse, the JSON object's "__proto__" member is an own enumerable property, so the for…in enumerates it and the target[key] = source[key] write triggers the Object.prototype.__proto__ setter on the fresh target ({}). The result is a per-instance prototype hijack: Object.prototype itself is untouched, but the merged attributes object now inherits attacker-controlled keys. Because the consuming set() function then enumerates the merged object with another for...in, every key the attacker placed on the polluted prototype lands in the resulting Set-Cookie string as an attribute pair. The attacker can set domain=, secure=, samesite=, expires=, and path= on cookies whose attributes the developer thought were locked down. This issue has been patched in version 3.0.7.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-11 14:46 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
16 references
Impacted products
32 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| js-cookie | js-cookie |
Affected:
< 3.0.7
|
|
| Red Hat | Cryostat 4 on RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
4.2.0-13 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:cryostat:4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes 4.10 |
Unaffected:
1783357140 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:advanced_cluster_security:4.10::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.2 |
Unaffected:
1787047188 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_portal:2.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2.7 |
Unaffected:
1787218409 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2.7::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Developer Hub 1.10 |
Unaffected:
1785333413 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1.10::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Developer Hub 1.10 |
Unaffected:
1785340831 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1.10::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Developer Hub 1.10 |
Unaffected:
1785332928 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1.10::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Developer Hub 1.10 |
Unaffected:
1785411652 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1.10::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Developer Hub 1.9 |
Unaffected:
1785972843 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhdh:1.9::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 |
Unaffected:
1787347991 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 |
Unaffected:
1787250508 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 |
Unaffected:
1787251550 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 |
Unaffected:
1786611759 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 |
Unaffected:
1787251250 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 |
Unaffected:
1786612219 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 |
Unaffected:
1787250617 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 3.3 |
Unaffected:
1782231869 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:service_mesh:3.3::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Service Mesh 3.3 |
Unaffected:
1782201466 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:service_mesh:3.3::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Self-service automation portal 2.1 |
Unaffected:
1787047114 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_portal:2.1 |
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Lightspeed |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_lightspeed
|
|
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cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_3scale_amp:2
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Discovery 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:discovery:2::el9
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|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack |
cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp
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|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4
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CVE-2026-46510 (GCVE-0-2026-46510)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-29 13:40 – Updated: 2026-06-02 01:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Prototype pollution in form-data-objectizer via bracket-notation form keys
Summary
form-data-objectizer converts FormData to object. Prior to 1.0.1, form-data-objectizer walks bracket-notation form keys (e.g. name[sub]) into nested objects without filtering __proto__, constructor, or prototype. A single HTTP form field whose name starts with __proto__[...] causes the library to mutate Object.prototype, which is a prototype pollution primitive of the entire Node.js process. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.0.1.
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-02 01:12 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/kaspernj/form-data-objectizer/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/kaspernj/form-data-objectizer/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| kaspernj | form-data-objectizer |
Affected:
< 1.0.1
|
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CVE-2026-46509 (GCVE-0-2026-46509)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-28 17:52 – Updated: 2026-06-02 14:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
deepobj: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Summary
deepobj provides get, set, delete deep objects in javascript. Prior to 1.0.3, prototype pollution is possible when property paths contain __proto__/constructor/prototype. The property path must not be exposed as user input. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.0.3.
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-02 14:15 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ranfdev/deepobj/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-45325 (GCVE-0-2026-45325)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-16 16:41 – Updated: 2026-07-17 18:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Gestor de Oferta: Prototype pollution in @tmlmobilidade/utils setValueAtPath
Summary
Gestor de Oferta is a web application for managing mobility service offerings. Prior to 20260509.0340.15, @tmlmobilidade/utils has a prototype pollution vulnerability in setValueAtPath() in packages/utils/src/generic/value-at-path.ts because unsafe path segments are not blocked. This issue is fixed in version 20260509.0340.15.
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-16 17:26 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/tmlmobilidade/go/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/tmlmobilidade/go/commit/b10505… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| tmlmobilidade | go |
Affected:
< 20260509.0340.15
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CVE-2026-45302 (GCVE-0-2026-45302)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-01 17:20 – Updated: 2026-06-02 14:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Prototype Pollution in parse-nested-form-data via `__proto__` in FormData field names
Summary
parse-nested-form-data is a tiny node module for parsing FormData by name into objects and arrays. Prior to version 1.0.1, parseFormData() walks bracket and dot-notation FormData field names into nested objects without filtering reserved property keys. A single FormData field whose name begins with __proto__, or contains .__proto__. mid-path, causes the parser to traverse onto Object.prototype and assign properties there, polluting the prototype chain of every plain object in the running process. This issue has been patched in version 1.0.1.
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-02 14:44 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/milamer/parse-nested-form-data… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/milamer/parse-nested-form-data… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/milamer/parse-nested-form-data… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| milamer | parse-nested-form-data |
Affected:
< 1.0.1
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CVE-2026-44966 (GCVE-0-2026-44966)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-26 21:21 – Updated: 2026-06-01 17:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Velocity.js: Prototype Pollution in #set path assignment
Summary
Velocity.js is a JavaScript implementation of the Apache Velocity template engine. In 2.1.5 and earlier, a prototype pollution vulnerability was discovered in velocityjs. This issue occurs during the processing of #set directives in Velocity templates. If an application renders a template controlled by an attacker, it is possible to modify Object.prototype, potentially leading to Denial of Service (DoS) or Remote Code Execution (RCE) depending on the server environment.
Severity
8.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-01 17:04 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/shepherdwind/velocity.js/secur… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| shepherdwind | velocity.js |
Affected:
<= 2.1.5
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CVE-2026-44791 (GCVE-0-2026-44791)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 15:54 – Updated: 2026-06-23 17:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
n8n: XML Node Prototype Pollution Patch Bypass
Summary
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 1.123.43, 2.22.1, and 2.20.7, an authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could bypass the patch for CVE-2026-42232 in the XML node. When combined with other nodes, this could lead to RCE on the n8n host. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.123.43, 2.22.1, and 2.20.7.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-23 17:09 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
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Mitigation
Implementation
By freezing the object prototype first (for example, Object.freeze(Object.prototype)), modification of the prototype becomes impossible.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
By blocking modifications of attributes that resolve to object prototype, such as proto or prototype, this weakness can be mitigated.
Mitigation
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
When handling untrusted objects, validating using a schema can be used.
Mitigation
Implementation
By using an object without prototypes (via Object.create(null) ), adding object prototype attributes by accessing the prototype via the special attributes becomes impossible, mitigating this weakness.
Mitigation
Implementation
Map can be used instead of objects in most cases. If Map methods are used instead of object attributes, it is not possible to access the object prototype or modify it.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-180: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels
An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.