Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-1321
AllowedImproperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete
The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.
811 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2023-2972 (GCVE-0-2023-2972)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-05-30 00:00 – Updated: 2025-01-10 18:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Prototype Pollution in antfu/utils
Summary
Prototype Pollution in GitHub repository antfu/utils prior to 0.7.3.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| antfu | antfu/utils |
Affected:
unspecified , < 0.7.3
(custom)
|
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CVE-2023-1717 (GCVE-0-2023-1717)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-11-01 09:03 – Updated: 2024-09-05 19:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Bitrix24 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) via Client-side Prototype Pollution
Summary
Prototype pollution in bitrix/templates/bitrix24/components/bitrix/menu/left_vertical/script.js in Bitrix24 22.0.300 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript code in the victim’s browser, and possibly execute arbitrary PHP code on the server if the victim has administrator privilege, via polluting `__proto__[tag]` and `__proto__[text]`.
Severity
9.6 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://starlabs.sg/advisories/23/23-1717/ | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
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CVE-2023-0163 (GCVE-0-2023-0163)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-26 11:36 – Updated: 2024-11-27 16:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Prototype Pollution in convict
Summary
Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution') vulnerability in Mozilla Convict.
This allows an attacker to inject attributes that are used in other components, or to override existing attributes with ones that have incompatible type, which may lead to a crash.
The main use case of Convict is for handling server-side
configurations written by the admins owning the servers, and not random
users. So it's unlikely that an admin would deliberately sabotage their
own server. Still, a situation can happen where an admin not
knowledgeable about JavaScript could be tricked by an attacker into
writing the malicious JavaScript code into some config files.
This issue affects Convict: before 6.2.4.
Severity
8.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/mozilla/node-convict/issues/410 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/mozilla/node-convict/security/… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2022-46175 (GCVE-0-2022-46175)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-24 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-03 14:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
JSON5 is an extension to the popular JSON file format that aims to be easier to write and maintain by hand (e.g. for config files). The `parse` method of the JSON5 library before and including versions 1.0.1 and 2.2.1 does not restrict parsing of keys named `__proto__`, allowing specially crafted strings to pollute the prototype of the resulting object. This vulnerability pollutes the prototype of the object returned by `JSON5.parse` and not the global Object prototype, which is the commonly understood definition of Prototype Pollution. However, polluting the prototype of a single object can have significant security impact for an application if the object is later used in trusted operations. This vulnerability could allow an attacker to set arbitrary and unexpected keys on the object returned from `JSON5.parse`. The actual impact will depend on how applications utilize the returned object and how they filter unwanted keys, but could include denial of service, cross-site scripting, elevation of privilege, and in extreme cases, remote code execution. `JSON5.parse` should restrict parsing of `__proto__` keys when parsing JSON strings to objects. As a point of reference, the `JSON.parse` method included in JavaScript ignores `__proto__` keys. Simply changing `JSON5.parse` to `JSON.parse` in the examples above mitigates this vulnerability. This vulnerability is patched in json5 versions 1.0.2, 2.2.2, and later.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
6 references
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CVE-2022-41879 (GCVE-0-2022-41879)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-11-10 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-23 16:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Parse Server subject to Prototype pollution via Cloud Code Webhooks
Summary
Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. In versions prior to 5.3.3 or 4.10.20, a compromised Parse Server Cloud Code Webhook target endpoint allows an attacker to use prototype pollution to bypass the Parse Server `requestKeywordDenylist` option. This issue has been patched in versions 5.3.3 and 4.10.20. There are no known workarounds.
Severity
7.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| parse-community | parse-server |
Affected:
< 4.10.20
Affected: >= 5.0.0, < 5.3.3 |
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CVE-2022-41878 (GCVE-0-2022-41878)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-11-10 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-23 16:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Parse Server Prototype pollution and Injection via Cloud Code Webhooks or Cloud Code Triggers
Summary
Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. In versions prior to 5.3.2 or 4.10.19, keywords that are specified in the Parse Server option `requestKeywordDenylist` can be injected via Cloud Code Webhooks or Triggers. This will result in the keyword being saved to the database, bypassing the `requestKeywordDenylist` option. This issue is fixed in versions 4.10.19, and 5.3.2. If upgrade is not possible, the following Workarounds may be applied: Configure your firewall to only allow trusted servers to make request to the Parse Server Cloud Code Webhooks API, or block the API completely if you are not using the feature.
Severity
7.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| parse-community | parse-server |
Affected:
< 4.10.19
|
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CVE-2022-39396 (GCVE-0-2022-39396)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-11-10 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-23 16:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Parse Server vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via prototype pollution in MongoDB BSON parser
Summary
Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Versions prior to 4.10.18, and prior to 5.3.1 on the 5.X branch, are vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via prototype pollution. An attacker can use this prototype pollution sink to trigger a remote code execution through the MongoDB BSON parser. This issue is patched in version 5.3.1 and in 4.10.18. There are no known workarounds.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| parse-community | parse-server |
Affected:
< 4.10.18
Affected: >= 5.0.0, < 5.3.1 |
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CVE-2022-39357 (GCVE-0-2022-39357)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-10-26 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-23 16:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Winter vulnerable to Prototype Pollution in Snowboard framework
Summary
Winter is a free, open-source content management system based on the Laravel PHP framework. The Snowboard framework in versions 1.1.8, 1.1.9, and 1.2.0 is vulnerable to prototype pollution in the main Snowboard class as well as its plugin loader. The 1.0 branch of Winter is not affected, as it does not contain the Snowboard framework. This issue has been patched in v1.1.10 and v1.2.1. As a workaround, one may avoid this issue by following some common security practices for JavaScript, including implementing a content security policy and auditing scripts.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2022-36060 (GCVE-0-2022-36060)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-03-28 20:37 – Updated: 2025-02-18 19:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Prototype pollution in matrix-react-sdk
Summary
matrix-react-sdk is a Matrix chat protocol SDK for React Javascript. Events sent with special strings in key places can temporarily disrupt or impede the matrix-react-sdk from functioning properly, such as by causing room or event tile crashes. The remainder of the application can appear functional, though certain rooms/events will not be rendered. This issue has been fixed in matrix-react-sdk 3.53.0 and users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-react-sdk/se… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| matrix-org | matrix-react-sdk |
Affected:
< 3.53.0
|
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CVE-2022-36059 (GCVE-0-2022-36059)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-03-28 20:32 – Updated: 2025-02-18 20:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Prototype pollution in matrix-js-sdk
Summary
matrix-js-sdk is a Matrix messaging protocol Client-Server SDK for JavaScript. In versions prior to 19.4.0 events sent with special strings in key places can temporarily disrupt or impede the matrix-js-sdk from functioning properly, potentially impacting the consumer's ability to process data safely. Note that the matrix-js-sdk can appear to be operating normally but be excluding or corrupting runtime data presented to the consumer. This issue has been fixed in matrix-js-sdk 19.4.0 and users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade may mitigate this issue by redacting applicable events, waiting for the sync processor to store data, and restarting the client. Alternatively, redacting the applicable events and clearing all storage will often fix most perceived issues. In some cases, no workarounds are possible.
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-js-sdk/secur… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| matrix-org | matrix-js-sdk |
Affected:
< 19.4.0
|
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Mitigation
Implementation
By freezing the object prototype first (for example, Object.freeze(Object.prototype)), modification of the prototype becomes impossible.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
By blocking modifications of attributes that resolve to object prototype, such as proto or prototype, this weakness can be mitigated.
Mitigation
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
When handling untrusted objects, validating using a schema can be used.
Mitigation
Implementation
By using an object without prototypes (via Object.create(null) ), adding object prototype attributes by accessing the prototype via the special attributes becomes impossible, mitigating this weakness.
Mitigation
Implementation
Map can be used instead of objects in most cases. If Map methods are used instead of object attributes, it is not possible to access the object prototype or modify it.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-180: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels
An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.