Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-131

Allowed

Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not correctly calculate the size to be used when allocating a buffer, which could lead to a buffer overflow.

270 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2023-30575 (GCVE-0-2023-30575)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-07 08:06 – Updated: 2024-10-10 14:39
VLAI
Title
Apache Guacamole: Incorrect calculation of Guacamole protocol element lengths
Summary
Apache Guacamole 1.5.1 and older may incorrectly calculate the lengths of instruction elements sent during the Guacamole protocol handshake, potentially allowing an attacker to inject Guacamole instructions during the handshake through specially-crafted data.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-131 - Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache Guacamole Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.5.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Stefan Schiller (Sonar)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-24819 (GCVE-0-2023-24819)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-04-24 14:42 – Updated: 2025-02-04 19:10
VLAI
Title
RIOT-OS vulnerable to Buffer Overflow during IPHC receive
Summary
RIOT-OS, an operating system that supports Internet of Things devices, contains a network stack with the ability to process 6LoWPAN frames. Prior to version 2022.10, an attacker can send a crafted frame to the device resulting in an out of bounds write in the packet buffer. The overflow can be used to corrupt other packets and the allocator metadata. Corrupting a pointer will easily lead to denial of service. While carefully manipulating the allocator metadata gives an attacker the possibility to write data to arbitrary locations and thus execute arbitrary code. Version 2022.10 fixes this issue. As a workaround, disable support for fragmented IP datagrams or apply the patches manually.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-131 - Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size
  • CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RIOT-OS RIOT Affected: < 2022.10
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-6780 (GCVE-0-2023-6780)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-31 14:08 – Updated: 2026-07-14 12:03
VLAI
Title
Glibc: integer overflow in __vsyslog_internal()
Summary
An integer overflow was found in the __vsyslog_internal function of the glibc library. This function is called by the syslog and vsyslog functions. This issue occurs when these functions are called with a very long message, leading to an incorrect calculation of the buffer size to store the message, resulting in undefined behavior. This issue affects glibc 2.37 and newer.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-131 - Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2024-01-30 00:00
Credits
Red Hat would like to thank Qualys Threat Research Unit for reporting this issue.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-5941 (GCVE-0-2023-5941)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-11-08 08:52 – Updated: 2025-02-13 17:25
VLAI
Title
libc stdio buffer overflow
Summary
In versions of FreeBSD 12.4-RELEASE prior to 12.4-RELEASE-p7 and FreeBSD 13.2-RELEASE prior to 13.2-RELEASE-p5 the __sflush() stdio function in libc does not correctly update FILE objects' write space members for write-buffered streams when the write(2) system call returns an error.  Depending on the nature of an application that calls libc's stdio functions and the presence of errors returned from the write(2) system call (or an overridden stdio write routine) a heap buffer overflow may occur. Such overflows may lead to data corruption or the execution of arbitrary code at the privilege level of the calling program.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
  • CWE-131 - Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FreeBSD FreeBSD Affected: 12.4-RELEASE , < p7 (release)
Affected: 13.2-RELEASE , < p5 (release)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
inooo
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-4257 (GCVE-0-2023-4257)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-10-13 21:09 – Updated: 2025-02-13 17:09
VLAI
Title
Unchecked user input length in the Zephyr WiFi shell module
Summary
Unchecked user input length in /subsys/net/l2/wifi/wifi_shell.c can cause buffer overflows.
Severity
7.6 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
  • CWE-131 - Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
zephyrproject-rtos Zephyr Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.4 (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-1175 (GCVE-0-2023-1175)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-03-04 00:00 – Updated: 2025-11-03 20:35
VLAI
Title
Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size in vim/vim
Summary
Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size in GitHub repository vim/vim prior to 9.0.1378.
Severity
7.3 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-131 - Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
vim vim/vim Affected: unspecified , < 9.0.1378 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2023-0568 (GCVE-0-2023-0568)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-02-16 06:34 – Updated: 2025-03-18 14:57
VLAI
Title
Array overrun in common path resolve code
Summary
In PHP 8.0.X before 8.0.28, 8.1.X before 8.1.16 and 8.2.X before 8.2.3, core path resolution function allocate buffer one byte too small. When resolving paths with lengths close to system MAXPATHLEN setting, this may lead to the byte after the allocated buffer being overwritten with NUL value, which might lead to unauthorized data access or modification.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-131 - Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size
Assigner
php
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
PHP Group PHP Affected: 8.0.x , < 8.0.28 (semver)
Affected: 8.1.x , < 8.1.16 (semver)
Affected: 8.2.x , < 8.2.3 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2023-02-13 05:40
Credits
Niels Dossche
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-43945 (GCVE-0-2022-43945)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-11-04 00:00 – Updated: 2026-05-12 10:12
VLAI
Summary
The Linux kernel NFSD implementation prior to versions 5.19.17 and 6.0.2 are vulnerable to buffer overflow. NFSD tracks the number of pages held by each NFSD thread by combining the receive and send buffers of a remote procedure call (RPC) into a single array of pages. A client can force the send buffer to shrink by sending an RPC message over TCP with garbage data added at the end of the message. The RPC message with garbage data is still correctly formed according to the specification and is passed forward to handlers. Vulnerable code in NFSD is not expecting the oversized request and writes beyond the allocated buffer space. CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-131 - Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-41907 (GCVE-0-2022-41907)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-11-18 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-22 16:03
VLAI
Title
Overflow in `ResizeNearestNeighborGrad` in Tensorflow
Summary
TensorFlow is an open source platform for machine learning. When `tf.raw_ops.ResizeNearestNeighborGrad` is given a large `size` input, it overflows. We have patched the issue in GitHub commit 00c821af032ba9e5f5fa3fe14690c8d28a657624. The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.11. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and TensorFlow 2.8.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-131 - Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
tensorflow tensorflow Affected: >= 2.10.0, < 2.10.1
Affected: >= 2.9.0, < 2.9.3
Affected: < 2.8.4
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-41887 (GCVE-0-2022-41887)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-11-18 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-22 16:06
VLAI
Title
Overflow in `tf.keras.losses.poisson` in Tensorflow
Summary
TensorFlow is an open source platform for machine learning. `tf.keras.losses.poisson` receives a `y_pred` and `y_true` that are passed through `functor::mul` in `BinaryOp`. If the resulting dimensions overflow an `int32`, TensorFlow will crash due to a size mismatch during broadcast assignment. We have patched the issue in GitHub commit c5b30379ba87cbe774b08ac50c1f6d36df4ebb7c. The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.11. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.10.1 and 2.9.3, as these are also affected and still in supported range. However, we will not cherrypick this commit into TensorFlow 2.8.x, as it depends on Eigen behavior that changed between 2.8 and 2.9.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-131 - Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
tensorflow tensorflow Affected: >= 2.10.0, < 2.10.1
Affected: < 2.9.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-04-22T15:42:29.614034Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-04-22T16:06:20.833Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "tensorflow",
          "vendor": "tensorflow",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 2.10.0, \u003c 2.10.1"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 2.9.3"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "TensorFlow is an open source platform for machine learning. `tf.keras.losses.poisson` receives a `y_pred` and `y_true` that are passed through `functor::mul` in `BinaryOp`. If the resulting dimensions overflow an `int32`, TensorFlow will crash due to a size mismatch during broadcast assignment. We have patched the issue in GitHub commit c5b30379ba87cbe774b08ac50c1f6d36df4ebb7c. The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.11. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.10.1 and 2.9.3, as these are also affected and still in supported range. However, we will not cherrypick this commit into TensorFlow 2.8.x, as it depends on Eigen behavior that changed between 2.8 and 2.9."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 4.8,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-131",
              "description": "CWE-131: Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2022-11-19T00:00:00.000Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/security/advisories/GHSA-8fvv-46hw-vpg3"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/c5b30379ba87cbe774b08ac50c1f6d36df4ebb7c"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/tensorflow/core/kernels/cwise_ops_common.h"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/tensorflow/python/keras/losses.py"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-8fvv-46hw-vpg3",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Overflow in `tf.keras.losses.poisson` in Tensorflow"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2022-41887",
    "datePublished": "2022-11-18T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateReserved": "2022-09-30T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-04-22T16:06:20.833Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation
Implementation

When allocating a buffer for the purpose of transforming, converting, or encoding an input, allocate enough memory to handle the largest possible encoding. For example, in a routine that converts "&" characters to "&amp;" for HTML entity encoding, the output buffer needs to be at least 5 times as large as the input buffer.

Mitigation MIT-36
Implementation
  • Understand the programming language's underlying representation and how it interacts with numeric calculation (CWE-681). Pay close attention to byte size discrepancies, precision, signed/unsigned distinctions, truncation, conversion and casting between types, "not-a-number" calculations, and how the language handles numbers that are too large or too small for its underlying representation. [REF-7]
  • Also be careful to account for 32-bit, 64-bit, and other potential differences that may affect the numeric representation.
Mitigation MIT-8
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Perform input validation on any numeric input by ensuring that it is within the expected range. Enforce that the input meets both the minimum and maximum requirements for the expected range.

Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation
Implementation

When processing structured incoming data containing a size field followed by raw data, identify and resolve any inconsistencies between the size field and the actual size of the data (CWE-130).

Mitigation
Implementation

When allocating memory that uses sentinels to mark the end of a data structure - such as NUL bytes in strings - make sure you also include the sentinel in your calculation of the total amount of memory that must be allocated.

Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation

Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use sizeof() on the appropriate data type to avoid CWE-467.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use the appropriate type for the desired action. For example, in C/C++, only use unsigned types for values that could never be negative, such as height, width, or other numbers related to quantity. This will simplify validation and will reduce surprises related to unexpected casting.

Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
  • Use libraries or frameworks that make it easier to handle numbers without unexpected consequences, or buffer allocation routines that automatically track buffer size.
  • Examples include safe integer handling packages such as SafeInt (C++) or IntegerLib (C or C++). [REF-106]
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
  • D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
  • Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-26
Implementation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Examine compiler warnings closely and eliminate problems with potential security implications, such as signed / unsigned mismatch in memory operations, or use of uninitialized variables. Even if the weakness is rarely exploitable, a single failure may lead to the compromise of the entire system.

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers

Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.

CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion

In this attack, the target software is given input that the adversary knows will be modified and expanded in size during processing. This attack relies on the target software failing to anticipate that the expanded data may exceed some internal limit, thereby creating a buffer overflow.

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